CH. 11-3 THE WAR BEHIND THE LINES AMERICAN HISTORY.
-
Upload
sharlene-scott -
Category
Documents
-
view
218 -
download
0
Transcript of CH. 11-3 THE WAR BEHIND THE LINES AMERICAN HISTORY.
CH. 11-3 THE WAR BEHIND THE LINES
AMERICAN HISTORY
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
January 1, 1863—Abraham Lincoln issues document freeing all slaves in areas that were in rebellion—EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION
EMANCIPATON—the act of freeing someone from slavery
Slavery could continue in areas not in rebellion
Some northerners feared emancipation because there would be more competition for jobs in the north
Overseas, people in Great Britain had not gone for enough in free slaves
Lincoln’s action ended any hope of Great Britain helping the south in the war
The British government did not want to take the side of a slave power in a war that was now about ending slavery.
AFRICAN AMERICANS AND THE WAR
Enslaved African Americans made important contribution to the war effort
Before emancipation, thousands of slaves escaped with the help of Union Troops
FREEDMAN—emancipated slavesAfrican American soldiers served in segregated
units led by white officersNearly 180,000 African Americans served in the
Union armiesBlack troops took part in more than 200 battlesMore than 38,000 African Americans died
LIFE IN THE MILITARY
WARTIME MEDICINENo vaccinations or antibiotics for mumps,
measles, and smallpox.Soldiers who escapes infectious diseases often
contracted dysentery, cholera, and typhoid fever
At times as many as 1/3 of the army was too sick to fight
European doctors were learning about bacteria but Union doctors didn’t have then information
Doctors often went days without washing their instruments, or their hands
“Minnie Ball” (heavy lead bullet) inflicted great damage to soldiers
Shots to the arm or leg resulted in shattered bones and infection
President Lincoln created The Sanitary Commission to provide nurses and ambulance drivers to help wounded
CAMP LIFESoldiers spent about 75% of their time in
campConditions were horribleIn wet weather, camps were a sea of mudIn dry weather, clouds of dust occurredDays in camp were long and boringSoldiers woke at 5 am in the summer and
6 am in the winter
After breakfast, the men took part in up to 5 daily drills
They learned and practiced battlefield maneuvers
Soldiers ate well in the beginning of the warRations included bread, fresh or salted pork
or beef, coffee, and beans.Soldiers often added whatever they could
find in the area
PRISON CAMPSBoth sides didn’t keep many prisonersGood treatment of prisoners was never a priorityPrisoner exchanges ended as the war progressed
ANDERSONVILLE AND ELMIRASouth erected a stockade in an open field near
Andersonville, GACapacity was 10,000 but by July 1864 there were over
30,000 union soldiersAbout 100 prisoners died in the hot sun dailyConditions in Elmira, NY were similar
LIFE ON THE HOME FRONT
THE SOUTHERN HOME FRONTShortages in materials made life difficult in
the SouthA pair of shoes that sold for $18 in 1862 sold
for $800 by 1865Bread sold for $25 per loaf in some placesInflation soared because the Confederate
Government printed large sums of money1863—women looted shops in Richmond, for
food, shoes, cloth, etc.
THE CONFEDERATE DRAFTOriginal enlistment in the south was one yearConfederate Congress created the first
military draft in April 1862--Volunteer enlistments extended for 2 years--required 3-year commitments from other
white males aged 18-35--1864—the year rule was changed to 17-50.CONSCRIPTION—forced service in the military
Governors in Georgia and North Carolina didn’t support the draft
COPPERHEADS AND THE UNION DRAFTMen could hire a substitute to fight for themDraft fueled antiwar movementsOpposition supporters were called Peace
DemocratsCritics called these people COPPERHEADS
(poisonous snake)
Government arrested and jailed without trial the most vocal critics of the war
This occurred because Lincoln suspended HABEAS CORPUS (constitutional right of an arrested person to appear in court charged with a crime)
WOMEN IN THE CIVIL WARSeveral hundred disguised themselves as
men to fight in the war
Women on both sides took over farming, stores, and other businesses
They also served as spies and worked as bankers and steamboat captains.
The need for clothes, shoes, and other supplies created about 100,000 jobs for women in northern factories
CLARA BARTON—founder of the American Red Cross
THE END