Cells gFuEo2ccTPA.
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Transcript of Cells gFuEo2ccTPA.
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Cells
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFuEo2ccTPA
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What is a cell?•Smallest unit of a living thing.
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• Cells make up Tissues which make up Organs which make up Organ Systems which make up Organisms!
• Organisms are Living things!
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• Makes up organisms.
• Can be an organism (single-celled) creatures or …
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•…multi-celled like us!
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• Most cells are alive
• They reproduce, grow/develop, use/obtain energy, and adapt to their environment, contain chemicals.
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Specialized cells• Have a
specific function that they serve…
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I8uXewS9dJU
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Discovery of the Cell
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dscY_2QQbKU
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Mathias Schleiden•Discovered that plants contain cells
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Theodor Schwann
•Discovered that animals are made up of cells.
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Rudolph Virchow
•Discovered that cells divide to create new cells.
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All of these scientists contributed to the Cell
Theory…
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•1) All living things are made up of one or more cells.
•2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function of living things.
•3) All cells come from pre-existing cells.
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• Prokaryotic Cells- “pro”- before karyon or kernel
• Cells without a nucleus
• Ex. Viral/Bacterial cell
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• Eukaryotic Cells- “true karyon” or kernel
• Cells with a nucleus
• Ex. Plant, Animal cells
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yWy4o_UfZ4A
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Of course none of this would have been possible without
Anton Van Leeuwenhoek and his early microscope!
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We’ve come a long ways…
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Organelle•Tiny “organs” that perform a specific job (function) inside of a cell.
•Structure- how it is made, what it is made of?
• Examples- Nucleus, Ribosomes, Mitochondria, ER
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Cell WallOrganelles
Cell Wall- not found in ANIMAL cells pg. 173
Details, Diagrams, Explanations
Structure Fibers of carbohydrates/proteinsCellulose- carbo fiber
Function Support/Protection for cellAllows substances to pass into cell (H20, 02, CO2,)Selectively Permeable
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RibosomesOrganelles
Ribosomes- pg. 177
Details, Diagrams, Explanations
Structure Round organelles Found in cytoplasm, rough ERSmall
Function Makes proteinsNucleus gives instructions
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Cell Membrane•Controls what goes in/out of cell
•Protection•Support/Shape
Cell membrane___
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1. Diffusion (passive)• “Molecules” moving from an area
of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
• Trying to reach a state of “equilibrium” where all molecules are evenly spaced!
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Selectively Permeable• Allows or “selects” certain
materials to enter/leave the cell
• Good things- Vitamins, Minerals, Water, Oxygen
• Bad things- Viruses, Bacteria, Pirates
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Passive Transport
Requires little to no cell energy to move molecules throughout the cell.1- Diffusion2- Osmosis
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2. Osmosis (passive)
•The diffusion of WATER!
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IaZ8MtF3C6M
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Osmotic pressure• Isotonic- balanced
• Hypertonic- cells shrink, vacuoles collapse
• Hypotonic- cells swell and burst!
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Facilitated Diffusion
• Specific type of diffusion
• Passive
• Protein channels assist/allow passage through membrane
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Active Transport• Movement through
a cell membrane (cell wall) in which the cell USES energy!
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Endocytosis
• Type of active transport
• Brings materials into cell by capturing into “pockets”
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Exocytosis
• Removal of materials from cell
• Pushes material out of the cell
• Active transport
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Nucleus•Located in center of cell•Circular•Contains DNA/Genetic Info•The “Boss” of the cell.
Controls cell functions
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Osmotic Pressure