CELLS, CELLS, CELLS

A Look At CellsGraphics: Microsoft Clipart

Cells

• Defined as the basic unit of living things.

Cell Theory

• All living things are made of cells

• Cells are the basic units of structure and

function of living things

• Living cells only come from other living

cells.

Overview

• In the same way there are different kinds

of cells inside you, different organisms

have different types of cells. Trees have

different cells than you and so do

monkeys. Each of those cells is different in

some way.

Cells and Organelles help

perform homeostasisHomeostasis

Is the process of any

living thing that

allows it to live and

regulates its

internal

environment so as

to maintain a

stable, constant

condition.

Example: You get

hot and sweat!

Oraganelles

• ORGANELLES mean little

organs. Basically this means that

organelles have specific roles to play in

how cells work just like organs help the

body to function properly as a whole.

Cell wall- protects plant cells;

gives cell support

Cell Membrane- “skin” around all cells

that controls what goes

in and out of cell

Cytoplasm- syrupy liquid that

transports and

stores materials

Nucleus- control center of the

cell; tells other cell

parts what to do

Chromosomes

aka DNA-directions

for the cell;

tells cell

what to do

Endoplasmic

Reticulum- Provides parts for

proteins; stores

parts for

ribosomes

Ribosomes- builds proteins for the cell

Mitochondria- “Power House”; turns

food into energy for work

Chloroplast-converts sunlight energy

into sugar

Vacuoles- storage container for cell,

contains food and water

Lysosomes-digests food and

kills invaders

Golgi Body• a set of flattened,

membrane-

bound sacs that

serves as the

packaging and

distribution

center of the cell

Key Terms

• Organelles-structures that make up a cell

• Cell Wall-outer most part of a cell

• Cell Membrane-just inside the cell plant

wall which forms the outer covering of the

cell

• Nucleus-brain of the cell

Vocabulary

Cell Membrane: The purpose of the cell membrane is to hold the cell together. It keeps all of the pieces, like the organelles and the CYTOPLASM, inside.

Cell Wall: Cell walls help the plant maintain its shape. Walls also help the plant keep its structure consistent

Nucleus: The NUCLEUS is like the brain of the cell. If you take the nucleus out of a cell it dies. It is the thing that tells every part of the cell what to do. It even tells the cell when to divide.

Endoplasmic Reticulum: The purpose of the ER is to collect proteins and create something called steroids and store ions

More Words To Know

Vacuoles: Vacuoles are bubbles that float in the cell. Those bubbles store the different molecules a cell needs to survive. Some contain food and others hold oil. There are even vacuoles that hold onto waste products.

Ribosomes: Ribosomes are the protein builders of the cell. When they build proteins, scientists say that they SYNTHESIZE the proteins. Ribosomes are found either floating around in the CYTOPLASM or attached to the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). The floating ribosomes synthesize proteins that will be used inside the cell. The ribosomes attached to the ER make proteins that will be used inside the cell AND sent outside the cell.

Vocabulary

Mitochondria: The big thing you need to

remember about MITOCHONDRIA is that they are

the cell's little powerhouses. They are the thing that

lets cells survive. Their whole purpose is to break

down food molecules so that the cell has the energy

to live.

Chloroplasts: Chloroplasts are very much like

mitochondria. The big difference is that instead of

taking food and breaking it down into energy,

chloroplasts take energy from the sun and create

food.

Vocabulary

Lysosome: Lysosomes combine with the food taken

in by the cell. The enzymes in the lysosome bond to

the food and start to digest it.

Cell Types

• Plants

• Animals

Plant vs. Animal

Plant cells

• Plant cells have different structures than animal cells

• . Plant cells have something called a CELL WALL while

animals do not.

• Plant cells have an organelle called a CHLOROPLAST

that takes energy from the sun and converts it into

sugars.

• Does your body make sugar from the sun or do you get it

from food?

Animal Cells

• Animal cells organize the body. You have brain cells, stomach cells, bone cells, and many other types of cells.

Each is different from the others.

• Nerve cells conduct electrical impulses through the body. There are cells in your intestine that absorb nutrients from the food you eat. Stomach cells secrete an acid to

digest your food

• Do you think that your skin cells can absorb the nutrients from your lunch? Why not?

Typical Animal Cell

Eukaryotic vs. Prokaryotic Cells

• Eukaryotic Cells:

– Bigger than Pro cells

– Have a nucleus

Prokaryotic Cells:

-Usually smaller than Eu cells

-Have NO nucleus

CELLS!

• SUMMARY