Cell Respirasi

7/21/2019 Cell Respirasi

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6H2O + 6CO2+ EnergyC6H12O6+ 6O2

Cellular RespirationCellular Respiration

Harvesting Chemical EnergyHarvesting Chemical Energy


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Organic compounds store energy in

their arrangement of atoms Fats, CH2O protein can all be used as

fuel . Traditionally, cellular respiration is

studied using glucose as the source. There are 2 energyproviding

!catabolic" path#ays

Cellular Respiration Fermentation ( partial degradation of

sugar without oxygen


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!he "rea#down of glu$ose is

exergoni$ with a free energyex$hange of %6&6' !his meansthat the produ$ts store lessenergy than the rea$tants'

Cata"oli$ pathways do not

dire$tly do $ellular wor# "ut arelin#ed to wor# "y a $hemi$aldrie shaft) *!


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Cells Re$y$le *!


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RE,O- Rea$tions

$ chemical reaction in #hich there is thetransfer of one or more electrons from one

reactant to another.

O%idation is the loss of electrons and

Reduction is the addition of electrons.

&ecause the electron transfer re'uires adonor and an acceptor, o%idation and

reduction al#ays go together.


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C6H12O6+ 6O2 6CO2+ H2O

oxidation

redu$tion


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(n general, organic molecules that have

an abundance of H atoms are e%cellentfood sources because they have

)hilltop* electrons #ith the potential to

)fall* closer to o%ygen.

+lucose loses hydrogen atoms but they

are not passed directly to o%ygen. They

are passed to a coenyme first -$/

!nicotinamide adenine dinuclotide".

-$/ serves as the o%idiing agent.


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!he en.yme dehydrogenase

remoes a pair of ele$trons fromglu$ose' !hin# of it in terms of

2p + 2e' !he en.yme deliers 2e

+ 1p to /*,+and releases 1 H+

into the surrounding solution'

/*,++ 2e and 1p 0 /*,H'

Ele$trons lose ery little of their

potential when transferred from

food to /*,+


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Respiration uses an ele$tron $hain to

"rea# the fall of ele$trons toseeral steps'

Oxidation phosphorylationa$$ountsfor 345 of the *! generated "y

respiration' u"strate leel phosphorylation

produ$es a smaller amount of *!'

7n this synthesis8 *! is produ$edwhen an en.yme transfers aphosphate from a su"strate to *,'


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hosphorylation


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Four tages of Cellular RespirationFour tages of Cellular Respiration9ly$olysis

reparation for Citri$ *$idCy$le

Citri$ *$id Cy$le

Ele$tron !ransport


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9ly$olysis9ly$olysis

plits a glu$ose

mole$ule into

2 : ; Car"on

mole$ules $alled

*!E*!E'

produ$ts) 2 *!8 /*,H and pyruate


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reparation for the Citri$ *$id Cy$lereparation for the Citri$ *$id Cy$le

!he pyruate looses a

$ar"on leaing the 2

$ar"on mole$ule*$etyl Co*

CC

CO2

produ$ts) CO28 *$etyl Co* and /*,H


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!he Citri$ *$id Cy$le!he Citri$ *$id Cy$le

rodu$ts)

CO2*!8 /*,H8 F*,H


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Ele$tron !ransportEle$tron !ransport

!he mito$hondria has

two mem"ranes::the

outer one and the innermem"rane whi$h is

$onoluted' !he H+

whi$h are "rought to

mito$hondria a$$umulate

"etween these twomem"ranes'


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matrix

H+

H+

H+

H+H+H+

outer mem"rane

inner mem"rane

!*! synthetase

The matri% is a protein rich solution #hich contain theenymes #hich run electron transport.

*!


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!he ele$trons are passed"a$# and forth a$ross the

mem"rane where their energy

is gradually de$reased and used

to transportH+through the

mem"rane' Oxygenis the finalele$tron a$$eptor and it ?oins with

the H+to produ$e H2O'

7f there is no oxygen8 the ele$tron $hain $annot $ontinue

"e$ause there is no way to release ele$trons''

ele$trons


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rodu$ts of the Ele$tron !ransport Chainrodu$ts of the Ele$tron !ransport Chain

34 $T1

@ater

+


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O-E +56CO7E O5EC65E 1RO6CE7O-E +56CO7E O5EC65E 1RO6CE7 ;& *!;& *!

Each -$H 3 $T1

Each F$H 2 $T1

8+lycolysis !2 -$H" 9 $T181rep for Citric $cid 9 $T18Citric $cid !9 -$H" :; $T1

8 !2 F$H2" 4 $T1

8 34 $T18direct 4 $T18total ;& *!


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glycolysis

-$H carries

electrons to ETC

prep


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@hat happens when there is no oxygen@hat happens when there is no oxygen

to a$$ept the ele$tronsAto a$$ept the ele$tronsAOnly the pro$ess of gly$olysis is $arried out and la$ti$

a$id is produ$ed in the mus$les' !he "ody $annot

tolerate mu$h la$ti$ a$id and it must eentually "e$onerted in the lier to pyruate'

results in mus$le soreness


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*l$oholi$ Fermentation*l$oholi$ Fermentation

ome organisms $arry out al$oholi$ fermentation' !his was

dis$oered "y Bouis asteur in his study of the $hemistry

of wines'


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