CATHOLIC DIOCESE OF NSUKKA, NIGERIA

VISION 2020 TRANSFORMING CATHOLIC

SCHOOLS

Submitted by: Esther S. Hicks Director of Catholic School Identity and Mission And Archdiocese of Chicago Committee of Interests November 2013

A R C H D I O C E S E O F C H I C A G O

O F F I C E O F C A T H O L I C S C H O O L S

C H I C A G O , I L L I N O I S , U . S . A .

2 0 1 3 E X E C U T I V E R E P O R T

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PREAMBLE

This report is fifth in a series of annual reports submitted to the Catholic Diocese of Nsukka, Nigeria, under the new leadership of Bishop Godfrey Igwebuike Onah, and to Francis Cardinal George, O.M.I., Archbishop of Chicago, and Sr. Mary Paul McCaughey, O.P., Superintendent of Schools, Archdiocese of Chicago. The goal of the report is to inform all the stakeholders of the planning and accomplishment of the seventeen goals of the Vision 2020 Plan enacted in 2009 to improve Catholic education in the Diocese of Nsukka through the creation of an effective system of schools with a common vision, mission and educational approach.

Special thanks go to Bishop Francis E. Okobo who has led this initiative to its current status especially through the formation of Diocesan Education Commission to oversee the goals of the Plan and the administration of the Catholic School System of the Catholic Diocese of Nsukka.

Deep gratitude goes to the Chicago based Committee of Interests, the Diocese of Nsukka Education Commission and field experts for giving time, talent and treasure to realize the Vision 2020 Goals. Of these, special recognition goes to Mr. Chuck Newman, President of Newman Architecture, and Fr. Michael Garanzini, S.J., President of Loyola University Chicago, and the School of Education, particularly Dr. Michael Boyle, who continue the work of building the Model School and the vision of self-sustained Catholic education.

As the educational approach is being shaped, gratitude goes to Sr. Barbara Jean Ciszek, C.S.J., who has led the Montessori training for nursery teachers in pilot schools in the Diocese of Nsukka. Her vision shapes how early childhood education will be delivered in the 2020 horizon of the plan.

The report recognizes the 2013 delegation visiting the schools and hospitals of the Diocese of Nsukka and conducting the training component of the visit.

Esther S. Hicks, Office of Catholic Schools, Project Coordinator Carol R. Fendt, PhD, PRAIRIE Group, University Illinois at Chicago (UIC)

Sr. Barbara Jean Ciszek, C.S.J. Principal, Cardinal Bernardin Early Childhood Center, Chicago

Jeanne Henry, Teacher, Holy Family Catholic Academy, Inverness

We are deeply grateful to the delegates, the Catholic schools of the Archdiocese of Chicago, the Office of Catholic Schools, our partners and donors, and the hundreds of supporters who have given so much to realize the dreams of the Vision 2020 Plan.

We also recognize and extend our gratitude to our partners in Nsukka who continue the work of realizing the Vision 2020 Plan on the ground in the Diocese of Nsukka. Our partnership is truly a collaboration among equals as we work together in accomplishing the goals. Our gratitude goes to the following and excludes no one intentionally.

Rev. Fr. Dr. Wilfred O. Odo, Judicial Vicar and Partnership Director

The Education Commission of the Diocese of Nsukka Rev. Fr. Fidelis Ikpe, Education Director Mr. Thaddeus Omeje, Assistant Director Rev. Fr. Matthew Okwor, Superintendent of Identity, Mission and Catechesis Mrs. Nelly Omeke, Sup. Administrator Mr. Lazarus O. Ugwu, Education Secretary

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Mrs. Grace Eze N., Sup. Academics Rev. Fr. Gilbert Ezeugwu, Sup. Personnel Rev. Fr. Dr. Denis Agbo, Sup. Finance Rev. Fr. Dr. Moses Ugwu, Consultant

Because the Vision 2020 Plan extends to the work of health care of children and families as essential to learning success, we recognize our collaborative work with the Director of the Diocesan Health Commission, Rev. Fr. Anselm Asogwa. We look forward to continuing our work with the Administrators of hospitals that improve health care delivery in the communities of the diocese.

Bishop Shanahan Hospital, Rev. Fr. Anselm Asogwa, Administrator Our Lay Health of the Sick Hospital, Adani, Rev. Fr. Jude Ejemezu, Administrator St. Mary Hospital, Enugu Ezike, Rev. Fr. Greg Onah, Administrator We thank in a special way Rotarians in Naperville, Illinois and in Nsukka, Nigeria, whose

members support the work of the improving health care delivery and wellness in all the communities in Nsukka, Enugu State. We look forward to ongoing partnerships with Rotary Club International.

CONGRATULATIONS!

As the Archdiocese of Chicago Office of Catholic Schools continues its commitment to the people of the Catholic Diocese of Nsukka and the Vision 2020 Plan, we want to congratulate Bishop Godfrey Onah, Bishop of the Diocese of Nsukka. May the many ministries of the Diocese of Nsukka flourish under your pastoral leadership and the spirit of Pope Francis I who calls all of us to be at the service of the most poor and needy among us. In this spirit and call to mission, we hope that our continued collaboration will uplift families with better access to high quality education and to better health care.

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INTRODUCTION

Since the 2012 Executive Report, the Catholic Diocese of Nsukka continues its role in envisioning how effective modes of education can be accomplished in the Catholic schools. The Diocesan Education Commission, under the leadership of Rev. Fr. Fidelis Ikpe, is formulating how it works together to shape a more effective Catholic educational system through the development of the various offices of the Commission. This work is difficult as professional development of central leadership becomes a priority for the system to evolve as a strong effective educational service in every area of the diocese. With the help of the Archdiocese of Chicago Office of Catholic Schools and Loyola University of Chicago, the Commission engages in articulating its leadership role in the mission of Catholic education for the diocese.

The purpose of this report is to share the accomplishments of those most closely involved in realizing the goals of the Vision 2020 Plan. Our mutual accountability demands close scrutiny of how the goals of the Plan are actually being accomplished locally so that all constituents supporting the Plan can see improvement and concrete results. Now in the fifth year of implementing the Plan, there will be greater desire to see how change is happening.

THE CURRENT SITUATION

Nigeria, the largest populated country in Africa, continues to be an anomaly in terms of its internal organizing and governmental capacity to serve its people. While Nigerian political leaders want a seat on the world stage of national political influence, its own capacity to manage the complexities of governmental, economic and religious tensions continue to plague the country.

Latest statistics identify some 57 million children around the world who lack classroom access with Nigeria having 10.5 million of those unschooled children, the highest of any country on the globe. It is no wonder that parents are urging the Catholic Church to open schools and that a privatization of education in Nigeria is the only current effective education delivery model given the government’s incapacity to educate its citizens. Education is a key priority for economic improvement of Nigerian society and raising the standards for effective education demands government resources in every sector of educational service to its population. While literacy and numeracy are the basic educational needs overall, Nigerian society will not flourish until all children in the population are exposed to effective educational resources that meet 21st Century standards of education in a global society.

Economic improvement is also an anomaly in a country where the GNP is rising and poverty in rural and city areas continue to frustrate over 90% of the population. The divide between a minority of citizens who own most of Nigeria’s wealth and a majority of citizens who have little becomes a source of tension and unrest particularly in the north and the delta areas where little economic growth drives people to migration out of the country. While major oil interests create wealth in some sectors of Nigerian society, environmental disasters plague local economies and human development. Promotion of local agriculture and microbusiness ventures are essential to developing a healthier economic base for the majority of citizens.

Terrorism in northern Nigeria, in particular Boko Haram, creates a climate of rising militancy on the part of the government and the terrorists. In the south, the leaders of the Movement for the Emancipation of the Niger Delta threatens destruction of crude oil installations in the delta if attention is not given to jailed leaders in South Africa. (America, May 13, 2013) The Catholic Church and other religious leaders speak to the need for amnesty with insurgents and peaceful resolutions

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while at the same time they are cautious about the dismissal of military force on insurgents when demonstrations of terror erupt. Such terrorism makes Nigeria a less desired location for business development, local infrastructure development and financial support. At the same time, the U.S. government sees Nigeria as key to Africa’s overall development and has committed financial and personnel resources to support transitions to peace, security and further development. (Africa Growth Initiative at Brookings, March 2013)

The situation being what it is, the Catholic Church in Nigeria has the benefit of a growing Catholic community that needs the service of well-developed systems of education and health care for the faithful as well as for the larger community. The Church shepherds many poor and destitute members in Nsukka. At the same time, it has a growing middle class membership having an increasing capacity to actively engage in the Church’s mission through support of Catholic education and health care institutions. Education of the laity is an essential component of the Church’s future in Nigerian social transformation and its own growth as an informed community of believers.

The Archdiocese of Chicago continues its partnership with the Diocese of Nsukka. Of course, this commitment is twofold having equal partners in decisions about technical services provided by the Chicago Committee of Interests and the Office of Catholic Schools. To this end, we look forward to our first meeting with Bishop Onah and his direction for where the partnership goes.

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THE VISION 2020 PLAN

The Catholic Diocese of Nsukka’s pastoral, health and education leaders continue to address the seventeen goals of the Vision 2020 Plan. The Plan has a broad vision incorporating four categories of goals (in the table above). These goals, agreed upon at the 2009 Future Search Conference, are the vision that 125 diocesan and local Catholic school leaders have addressed and moved forward for the past five years. In the previous executive reports developed by Esther Hicks, Director of Catholic School Identity and Mission, there is a detailed account of the activities for each category of goals. The reports are used to inform major partners and donors about the progress of the Vision 2020 Plan and to adjust the course of the Plan over time.

For the purpose of this report, we will utilize the four categories as we describe the actions accomplished in 2013. To be true to the last executive report, we will use the section on “Next Steps” as a touch point for reporting (Executive Report 2012, Archdiocese of Chicago). Once these actions are described the rest of the report will provide recommendations for next steps as we proceed into the New Year, 2014.

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2013 ACTIVITIES PROMOTING THE VISION

Model School Concept

In December 2012, Charles Newman (Schools for the Children of the World and Newman Architecture) and Esther Hicks visited Nsukka to meet with Bishop Francis Okobo. They worked with the diocesan Chief Engineer to agree on the final draft of the architectural plan and to hire the contractor to begin construction of the first building of the Model School. The meeting and ensuing agreements gave impetus to start construction beginning in late February 2013. Enough funding was secured from Koch Foundation and the Archdiocese of Chicago Catholic schools Dollars for Dreams Campaign to build the first four of eight classrooms and the septic system for that building. Chuck works with Fr. Wilfred Odo, Partnership Director, to oversee construction activity.

Model School Building Construction, Nsukka, 2013

While building a Model School is deeply significant to the Vision 2020 Plan and educational development in the diocese, actual teacher education and leadership training will make change in the classroom happen. Bricks and rooms will not make the model. Rather, changing to more effective and meaningful approaches to educating students at every level of education with equipment that is sustained and used by trained teachers is what it will take to improve current teaching practice. Teachers who are being trained in Montessori and inquiry-based approaches will see that students move along at a much faster and more meaningful pace than the “chalk and talk” methods currently used. For the Model School to be effective the training now happening in the schools is what really will show how the model will work over time for the entire system.

Professional Development

In February 2013, the Chicago delegation visited Nsukka to continue the Montessori training program, to conduct Montessori pilot school classrooms, and to present the Vision 2020 Education Leadership Conference.

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During the first week of the visit, February 11-15, 2013, three field experts from the Archdiocese of Chicago visited pilot schools in the diocese to ascertain use of Montessori teaching and learning practices using equipment from the 2012 Montessori training session. Of the original 23 schools selected for the pilot study 13 schools showed Montessori educational practice applied by teacher trainees in nursery classrooms. Visitors wrote extensive notes about what they saw and gave recommendations to the Diocesan Education Commission based on their observations. The delegates in collaboration with diocesan visitors agreed that only the teachers from the 13 schools showing use of the teaching approach would go on to the next level of Montessori training. The picture below is an example of what the delegates observed in a Montessori pilot classroom in which the teacher is actively utilizing Montessori approaches and equipment.

St. Mary’s Nursery/Primary School, Nursery Class, Eha-Alumona, 2014

On the week after the school visits, Sr. Barbara Jean Ciszek, CSJ, lead facilitator, and Mrs. Jeanne Henry, assistant facilitator, conducted the 2013 Montessori Teacher Workshop with only teachers attending who exhibited use of Montessori approaches in the pilot classrooms. The second week was an intensive building on the previous workshop and moving forward with a deeper level of instruction on Montessori teaching practices and use of materials. Photos of the workshop below show more sophisticated types of equipment and teacher training.

Teachers Making Materials for Classroom Instruction

Teachers Copying Geography Lesson

Teacher Demonstrating Use of Counting Board

Montessori Training Workshop 2013, Professional Development Center, Diocese of Nsukka

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While the materials and instructional processes are specific to certain kinds of equipment used in Montessori education, teachers also learn that they can purchase materials in the market to make the equipment they will use in the classroom. Materials used by the teachers in the workshop belong to the teachers after the workshop for use in the pilot classrooms. They know that the next visit of the Montessori instructors will require observation of use in the classroom.

Another essential learning in the Montessori training process is that the cultural artifacts of Nigeria are inherent to the learning process. One of the activities of the week was to have teachers bring artifacts that they made or found in the market that can be incorporated into the classroom. Teachers begin to see that they can use what is readily available in the environment, such as fruits and vegetables that can be observed, identified and incorporated into student learning activities. Photos below show artifacts that the teachers make in their homes or buy in market places to be used in the teaching/learning process.

Fruit and Name Identified for Demonstration

Artifacts Made by Teachers

Teacher Demonstrating Local Fruit and Name

Montessori Training Workshop 2013, Professional Development Center, Diocese of Nsukka

Because Montessori education uses both the environment of the classroom and the external environment of the outdoors and other locations, such as the home or market, a critical component of training teachers is to broaden the horizon of the location and use of cultural and environmental tools in the teaching/learning process. For a teacher who sees little value in something made at home for purely utilitarian use, they fail to see the teaching value of artifacts in their own environment. During the workshop, much is made of the beauty, use and health-making potential of the immediate environment of the community in which the school is located and its use in the classroom. This is a huge leap in imagination for a teacher who was trained to draw on a blackboard an artifact, such as an orange, rather than to bring to the learning environment a real orange that a student can identify, name, and use all the senses to describe its characteristics and use. This simple activity helps the child to appreciate, communicate and enjoy an artifact as a tool for language development.

While the Montessori workshop was happening, the Catholic school administrators and diocesan educational leaders met for the Vision 2020 Education Conference. The conference was led by the newly established Diocesan Education Commission under the direction of the Director, Rev. Fr. Fidelis Ikpe. Gradually the field expert facilitators have handed over the work of leading the conference as a way of using facilitating approaches once done by the facilitators. Through the last four years of leadership training done in Nsukka, and once in Chicago (summer, 2012), the diocesan leaders have taken ownership of the facilitation process. This is critical to the development of a unified system of schools having a common vision for Catholic education as created and articulated by diocesan leaders and school administrators. With the Diocese of Nsukka Professional Development Center now in full swing the concept of ongoing system-wide professional

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development is seen as essential to the shaping of an effective system for both ministries of education and health care.

Approximately 80 participants representing all deaneries of the diocese attended the conference as well as the members of the newly formed Diocesan Education Commission. The conference facilitators presented their observations of the Montessori pilot schools showing the differences in instructional approach compared to the rest of the system. The participants did an activity on multiple intelligence theory, something done for the previous three workshops, to repeat the importance of all intelligences at play in the classroom setting. Major discussion occurred around how educators in the system see change happening now in their schools as a result of the Montessori training. Fr. Wilfred Odo presented the report on the Model School construction and how that is essential to training and using effective teaching and learning models in all the schools of the diocese. The two-day conference ended with deanery level discussions about how they will carry the vision forward in their schools.

Diocesan Education Commission Presentation on Change in the

Classroom (taken from Powerpoint)

Esther Hicks’ Presentation on Vision 2020 Model Classroom

(taken from Powerpoint)

Deanery Planning Exercise: What will you do to move toward change in next

twelve months?

Educational Leadership Conference Vision 2020, February 2013

After the training sessions ended, Esther met with the junior and senior secondary school administrators and the Diocesan Education Commission to discuss next steps for the secondary schools to adopt measures for school improvement. The meeting ended with an agreement that Esther develop a White Paper on Catholic Secondary Education based on the first White Paper (2011) methodology of using the goals specific to secondary education as the focus. During that same period Esther interviewed senior secondary students from St. Catherine’s and St. Theresa’s to understand how these students envision their futures and how they hope to achieve them. The data gathered from the interview will be incorporated into the White Paper.

Health Initiatives

During the February 2013 visit, Esther met with Fr. Anselm Asogwa, Fr. Jude Ejemezu and Fr. Greg Onah, administrators of the respective hospitals sponsored by the Catholic Diocese of Nsukka. The administrators participated in the education leadership seminar to gather information about the education planning and to develop health care actions needed for the hospitals. The meeting centered on the accomplishments of Shanahan Hospital’s new technology center in which new desktop computers were purchased and installed thanks to funding from the Congregation of St. Joseph Generous Promises grant. The upgrade was needed to meet Nigerian standards for licensing nursing, midwifery and medical technician education at Shanahan Hospital. The group toured the new technology center and also observed the location of a new building for use as a technology center and student exam site at Shanahan Hospital.

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Chuck Newman also met with Fr. Anselm to ascertain when and how the next shipment of hospital equipment will be delivered and installed. Chuck wanted to make sure that current new equipment is in working condition before other electronically run equipment would be sent to Nsukka. The generators in two hospitals are expensive to run and there are no alternative energy sources. Chuck also is developing a project funded by Rotary to dig and install a water well at Shanahan Hospital. He was able to meet with the hospital engineer to assess current energy status and survey requirements for the well.

Bishop Shanahan Hospital Refurbished Technology Center

Bishop Shanahan Hospital Construction Site for New Technology Center

Delegation Visit, 2013

Infrastructure

As new equipment is being funded and delivered, the diocese has been able to develop the infrastructure necessary to install new equipment and use it. This is particularly evident in the Diocesan Professional Development Center at the diocesan secretariat and in the infrastructure needed for new hospital equipment and well installations. The ever present aggravation and struggle for consistent and clean electricity from government sources (NEPA) provide little electricity to depend on. Because the institutions of the diocese need energy the only consistent source is through generators which use fuel that is expensive to buy. Hence, hospitals are impacted the most especially when a surgery theatre cannot be used because of fuel costs.

Loyola University Chicago

While on-the-ground work is being done in the Diocese of Nsukka, other partners are working with the Diocesan Education Commission to continue leadership training of that organization of the diocese. Dr. Michael Boyle, Assistant Director of the Center for Catholic School Effectiveness, facilitated the meeting with of the Diocese of Nsukka delegation at Loyola University in Chicago to provide goals and a support network for designing an organizational model and developing a leadership training process. Throughout 2013, Dr. Boyle has met with the commission using Skype as a way of continuing the conversation about how the training process will be designed and delivered. The commitment of Loyola University to provide assistance in realizing this vision is of tremendous value in terms of setting a foundation for a highly effective educational service embedded in the mission of the Church.

_________________

Much has been accomplished in the past year with the help of all the partners engaged in the Vision 2020 Education Plan implementation process and the many funders for meeting the goals of the plan

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successfully. Deep gratitude goes to the Archdiocese of Chicago delegation whose visits to Nsukka in 2013 helped to move the implementation along.

Esther Hicks, Archdiocese of Chicago, OCS Director of Catholic School Identity and Mission Charles Newman, President of Newman Architecture and Co-President of Schools for the Children of the World Sr. Barbara Jean Ciszek, C.S.J., Principal of Cardinal Bernardin Early Childhood Center and Montessori Lead Facilitator Jeanne Henry, Teacher, Holy Family Catholic Academy, Inverness, Illinois and Montessori Assistant Facilitator Carol R. Fendt, PhD, Co-Director and Senior Researcher of PRAIRIE Group, University of Illinois at Chicago

With that in mind, we want to iterate the accomplishments of the past year so that we can name the actions to be taken in the next twelve months. We have accomplished the following goals:

Established and hired personnel for the newly reorganized Diocesan Education Commission with completed role descriptions

Completed Professional Development Center for use by the Diocese of Nsukka especially for education ministry development

Completed Technology Center at Shanahan Hospital for nurses, midwifery and medical technologist training and licensing

Identified a Model Montessori Classroom at Sancta Maria Nursery/Primary School for use as a furnished model of a Montessori classroom in the diocese

Completed first four classrooms at the Model School site in Onuiyi (adjacent to St. Victor’s Parish and Holy Infants Nursery/ Primary School

Completed next lists for delivery of hospital equipment and supplies to the Catholic hospitals in the Diocese of Nsukka in 2014

Completed second Montessori training and Vision 2020 Educational Leadership Conference

We want to thank our funders for making the above accomplishments possible, particularly the

following donor organizations. Sisters of St. Joseph Generous Promises Fund Koch Foundation Archdiocese of Chicago Dollars for Dreams Campaign Loyola University Chicago Schools for the Children of the World Rotary International THANK YOU!

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NEXT STEPS 2014

As 2014 quickly approaches, we look forward to continuing our partnership and moving the goals forward. The Vision 2020 Education Plan is the driving force that gives us impetus to focus on initiatives and concretize the dreams. The following action steps need to be taken in the next twelve months to continue the Vision 2020 Education Plan implementation process.

Model School Concept

Continue planning with Dr. Michael Boyle for ongoing leadership training of Diocesan Education Commission

Complete construction of first building of the Model School (8 classrooms)

Construct well for Model School site

Identify funding for ongoing construction needs

Assess furnishing needs of the Montessori Model Classroom at Sancta Maria Nursery School

Identify and assess teaching and learning change in Montessori pilot schools and as a result of deanery planning

Professional Development

Complete third session of the Montessori training of teachers from the pilot schools (February 2014)

Complete White Paper on Secondary Education in the Catholic Diocese of Nsukka (March 2014)

Approach new partners at Senior Secondary level to invest in Senior Secondary Education in the Diocese of Nsukka

Complete strategies for next steps in Montessori training for the Diocese of Nsukka

Identify funding partners to support the Montessori education component of the Vision 2020 Plan

Compile lists of books and materials for professional development to be shipped in 2014

Health Initiatives

Construct well for Bishop Shanahan Hospital

Complete preparations for sending hospital equipment to three hospitals in the Diocese of Nsukka for 2014

Assess ongoing installation and use of equipment

Complete building of Technology and Exam Center for Bishop Shanahan Hospital nurses, midwifery and medical technician training

Work with Diocesan Health Care Commission for hospital leadership training

Infrastructure

Work with city and regional governments to continue improvements of electricity, water resourcing and transportation

Develop water and energy infrastructure to meet needs of developing sites of the Vision 2020 Education Plan

Develop business partnerships to create new opportunities for economic development in Nsukka

As each component of the Vision 2020 Education Plan is addressed through delegation visits, field expert consultations, construction, professional development and sustainability, it is imperative

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that we continue to work together to realize these regional goals for transformation. We must continue to find partners for completing the mission.

Thank you to our valued partners in creating a vital educational system that moves closer to more effectively educating young people for living as productive citizens of Nigeria.

Diocese of Nsukka/ Archdiocese of Chicago Dollars for Dreams Campaign – Schools of the Archdiocese of Chicago

Loyola University Center for Catholic School Effectiveness Schools of the Children of the World Newman Architecture PRAIRIE Group of University of Illinois Chicago Rotary International with Rotary Clubs in Naperville, Lisle, Nsukka Sisters of St. Joseph Generous Promises Fund Koch Foundation Caritas for Children Hospital Sisters Mission Outreach Sisters of Mercy Sisters of Congregation of Sisters of St. Agnes Individual Donors

To continue this partnership in mission, we want to assure one another that we can only

accomplish this work together. No one can do this alone. We want to assure Bishop Onah that we will work in partnership as his vision of the Catholic Diocese of Nsukka unfolds in future years.

We also look to the leadership of Pope Francis and his vision of service to the poor of the world.

This is a remarkable moment for the Church to emphasize her mission of evangelization that includes alleviating poverty, illness and illiteracy so that the world can be in a better place of unity and peace. Our Vision 2020 Education Plan is an articulation of Pope Francis’ vision and fully supports his desire not to wait but to engage now in improving the lives of children and their families.

From the report submitted last year to Bishop Francis E. Okobo upon their return from Chicago

the Nsukka delegation submitted for Bishop Okobo’s approval the Mission Statement (partial) for Catholic education in the Diocese of Nsukka and the expected outcome of the graduate. They are the following.

Catholic schools in Nsukka participate in the mission of the Church

by educating children in a manner that facilitates their integral development – religious, moral and intellectual –

in order to make them better citizens of their country, devout children of God,

and more useful members of society.

A graduate of a Catholic school in Nsukka diocese ought to be respectful, competent, and productive;

a God-fearing patriotic citizen endowed with an excellent work ethic and also capable of self-employment. Catholic Diocese of Nsukka, 2012