CASE STUDY OF RIVER GANGA

8/12/2019 CASE STUDY OF RIVER GANGA

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PRESTIGE INSTITUTE OFENGINEERING AND SCIENCE

SUBMITTED TO:- ANUBHA MAAM

A PRESENTATION ON POLLUTIONOF RIVER GANGES (GANGA)

PRESENTED BY:- SANDEEP KHORE SUYASH JAIN GAURAV JAIN SHILPA BURRA A.R. VISHAL KIRTI SODIYA


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GANGA (GANGES)The Ganges is the largest river in India with an extraordinaryreligious importance for Hindus . Ganga River originates in theHimalayas and is 2, 525 km (1,569 mi) long. It begins at theGangotri glacier in the state of Uttarakhand, where it emptiesinto the Bay of Bengal . It is the second largest river in theWorld by discharge . In the central Himalayas at the concourseof five headstreams - Bhagirathi River, Mandakini, AlaknandaRiver, Dhauliganga and Pindar at Dev Prayag. Ganga or, moreexactly, Bhagirathi, originates from Gangotri glacier, one of the

biggest glaciers in Himalayas. The place, where Bhagirathiflows out from Gangotri, it called "Goumukh" (Holy site knowas char dham . This word means "Cow mouth". Indeed, withuse of imagination this icy cave reminds a cow.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gangeshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_by_dischargehttp://chardhampilgrims.com/http://chardhampilgrims.com/http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_rivers_by_dischargehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bay_of_Bengalhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinduismhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indiahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges


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BASIN OF GANGES


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ORIGIN OF GANGES


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POLLUTION OF GANGAThe Ganges was ranked among the five most polluted rivers ofthe world in 2007. An estimated 2.9 billion litres or more ofhuman sewage is discharged into the Ganges daily (200 millionlitres daily in the city Varanasi alone), although the existingtreatment plants have capacity to treat only 1.1 billion litresper day, leaving a huge deficit . Ganga which is the life line ofmillions of people and of great religious significance is beingpolluted by both domestic sewage and industrial pollutantsthat are being dumped in to the river untreated. This causeshealth hazard for over 400 million people who directly andindirectly use the river water in their daily lives. In

Varanasi rivers "Varuna" and "Asi" have been polluted beyondrecognition that now they flow not a rivers but just torrents ofsewage and waste water mixing at the start and end of theholy city of Varanasi (Varuna-Asi).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasihttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varanasi


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DEAD BODIES & WASTES ARE DUMPEDIN THE RIVER


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CAUSESHUMAN WASTE

INDUSTRIAL WASTERELIGIOUS EVENTS


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Human waste

The Gangas river basin is one of the most fertileand densely populated regions in the world andcovers an area of 1,080,000 km2(400,000 squaremiles). The river flows through 29 cities withpopulation over 100,000; 23 cities with population

between 50,000 and 100,000, and about 48towns. A large proportion of the waste in theGanges is from this population through domesticusage like bathing, laundry and public defecation.


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Industrial waste Countless tanneries, chemical plants, textilemills, distilleries, slaughterhouses, andhospitals contribute to the pollution of theGanges by dumping untreated waste intoit. Industrial effluents are about 12% of thetotal volume of effluent reaching the Ganges.

Although a relatively low proportion, they are acause for major concern because they areoften toxic and non-biodegradable.


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Religious events During festival seasons, over 70 million people bathein the Ganges over a few weeks to cleanse

themselves from their sins. Some materials like food,waste or leaves are left in the Ganges for ritualisticreasons .
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homa_(ritual)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homa_(ritual)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homa_(ritual)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homa_(ritual)


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IMPACT

MARINE LIFEWILDLIFE

HUMAN BEING


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Marine life

The results of mercury analysis in various specimenscollected along the basin indicated that some fishmuscles tended to accumulate high levels of mercury. Ofit, approximately 50 84% was organic mercury. A strongpositive correlation between mercury levels in musclewith food habit and fish length was found.The Ganges River dolphin is one of few species of freshwater dolphins in the world. Listed as an endangeredspecies, their population is believed to be less than2000. Hydroelectric and irrigation dams along the

Ganges that prevents the dolphins from traveling up anddown river is the main reason for their reducingpopulation.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges_River_dolphinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganges_River_dolphinhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury_(element)


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Wildlife Some of the dams being constructed along the Ganges basinwill submerge substantial areas of nearby forest. Forexample, the Kotli-Bhel dam at Devprayag will submerge1200 hectares of forest, wiping out the river otters and

'mahaseer' (a kind of fish) that are foundhere. Wildlifebiologists in India have been warning that thewild animals will find it difficult to cope with the changedsituation .


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Human beings

An analysis of the Ganges water in 2006 showed significantassociations between water-borne/enteric disease pop andthe use of the river for bathing, laundry, washing, eating,cleaning utensils, and brushing teeth. Exposure factors suchas washing clothes, bathing and lack of sewerage, toilets atresidence, children defecating outdoors, poor sanitation, lowincome and low education levels also showed significantassociations with enteric disease outcome. Water in theGanges has been correlated to contracting dysentery,

cholera, hepatitis, as well as severe diarrhea which continuesto be one of the leading causes of death of children in India.


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Cleaning effortsGANGA ACTION PLAN:-

The G anga Action Plan or GAP was a program launched by Sarojininaidu in April 1986 in order to reduce the pollution load on the river.But the efforts to decreas e the pollution level in th e river became moreafter spending Rs 901.71 Crore Ganga Action Plan Therefore, this planwas withdrawn on 31 March 2000. The steering Committee of theNational River Conservation Authority reviewed the progress of the

GAP and necessary correction on the basis of lessons learned andexperiences gained from the GAP phase; 2 schemes have beencompleted under this plan. A million litres of sewage is targeted to beintercepted, diverted and treated. Phase-II of the program wasapproved in stages from 1993 onwards, and included the followingtributaries of the Ganges: Yamuna, Gomti, Damodar and Mahananda.

As of 2011, it is currently under implementation.Scientists and religious leaders have speculated on the causes of theriver's a pparent se lf-pu rificatio n effect, in which water-borne bacteriasuch as dysentery and cholera are killed off thus preventing large-scaleepidemics. Some studies have reported that the river retains moreoxygen than is typical for comparable rivers; this could be a factorleading to fewer disease agents being present in the water.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_naidu&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_naidu&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_naidu&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://www.cag.gov.in/reports/scientific/2000_book2/gangaactionplan.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://www.cag.gov.in/reports/scientific/2000_book2/gangaactionplan.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysenteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysenteryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholerahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dysenteryhttp://www.cag.gov.in/reports/scientific/2000_book2/gangaactionplan.htmhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crorehttp://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_naidu&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarojini_naidu&action=edit&redlink=1


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CASE STUDY OF RIVER GANGA

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