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International Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesIndia Habitat Centre, New DelhiDecember 12, 2014Pollution in River Ganga: Issues and Challenges

Realizing Vision of Mission Nirmal Dhara or Mission Un-Polluted Flow

India Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT Kanpur

Ganga River Basin Management Plan

India Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT KanpurSubstantive Objective of Namami Gange & GRBMPThe restoration of wholesomeness of all rivers of the Ganga River BasinWholesomeness in this context shall mean the ensuring of the sanctity of the river system as imbibed in the following points

the above objective must be achieved notwithstanding any pressures, including those arising from population growth, urbanization, industrial and agricultural activities in the Ganga River BasinAviral Dhara (meaning Continuous Flow)Nirmal Dhara (meaning Unpolluted Flow): Geologic Entity Ecological EntityIndia Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT KanpurIndustrializationUrbanizationAgriculture & Rural ActivitiesDeforestation/ DenudationPollution OverloadWater Under- ReplenishmentWater OveruseRiver MutilationGeologic DisruptionRiver Basin or Watershed

Lifestyle ChangesIssues and Concerns of the NRGB Environment Five Major Types of Degradation FactorsMajor Human Activities Affecting the Aquatic Environment of NRGBWhat are we targeting?Environmental Flows to be maintained in all rivers and tributaries of Ganga River System to fulfill their geological, ecological, socio-economic and cultural functions. Water quality in all rivers and tributaries of Ganga River System to be consistent with their governing geological, ecological, socio-economic and cultural functions. Water and other aquatic resources of the Ganga River System to be used judiciously to enable sustainable development in the entire NRGB. All existing, ongoing and planned anthropogenic activities in NRGB to be reviewed or scrutinized in a transparent and inclusive manner (with broad consensus of all affected people and stakeholders) for the overall health of NRGB. India Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT KanpurVISIONAviral DharaNirmal DharaEcological RestorationGeological SafeguardingBasin Protection Against DisastersSustainable AgricultureMISSIONSGeologic EntityNirmal DharaAviral DharaEcological EntityVision and Implementation River Hazards ManagementEnvironmental Knowledge-Building and SensitizationIndia Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT KanpurSustained GrowthZero Defect and Zero EffectGoalsIndia Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT KanpurParadigm ShiftSewage and Industrial Effluents are important sources of water to be thrown into the nallahs and riversLong distance conveyance and pumping costs are high and should move towards Decentralized ApproachHigh Level of Treatment or Reuse/Recycle or ZLDValuation of Water and Water Pricing

India Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT KanpurUn-polluted FlowWastesPointNon PointSolid(non-point)LiquidDomesticAgriculture(non-point)IndustrialCitiesVillagesSmall DrainsOpen DefecationOldNewSewage CollectionTreatmentTanneriesPulp & PaperSugar & DistilleryTextileIndia Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT KanpurWater Quality IssuesMuch less dry weather (October through June) flowsSewage and Industrial wastes much higher than the dry weather flows in almost all tributariesAlmost all municipalities and industries violate existing Effluent Discharge Norms (particularly of TDS)Higher degree of treatment required for both sewage and industrial wastesOver allocation of water and how to save water for ecological needs of rivers

India Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT KanpurSewage and Industrial Effluents: EstimatesSewage: 12,000 MLDIndustrial Effluents: 3000 MLDInvestment on STPs : INR 120 Billion (US$ 20b)Investment on ETPs: INR 300 Billion (US$ 50 b)IndustrialTanneriesPulp & PaperSugar & DistilleryTextileIndia Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT KanpurMajor Industrial EffluentsMixture of Salt (0.5 - 5 %), Sugar (0.1 - 5 %) and Water (90 to 99+ %) with some toxic organics and inorganicsEfforts and Costs in separationShare of Capital Investment in Tariff is much less but Capital Investments are high and need to be supported CETPs to Cluster of ETPsWater Producing IndustriesSPVsProfessional Service ProvidersBusiness Partnership with Government Care India Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT KanpurSewage and Industrial Effluents: Strategy and ConsequencesReuse and Recycle and move toward ZLDInternalize Environmental CostsValue and Pricing of water to be much higher than cost of recycling industrial effluentsMarginal reduction in profits, partially pass on cost to the consumers (polluter pays principle)Soft loans for ETPs and CETPsEnable sustained industrial growth

India Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT KanpurWater is an Important Resource/ Raw MaterialEnvironmental Good Governance and Not Anti-pollution Drive through PolicingRealizationIndia Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT KanpurImplementation ChallengeState GovernmentLocal GovernmentCSO & ActivistsCentral GovernmentExecuting AgenciesConsultants, Contractors & VendorsMediaRiver Conservation & Development: Conflicting or Synergistic De-aligned InterestsCoordination!Politicians, Bureaucrats & TechnocratsConfused Aam Admi!Actors and their InterestsIndia Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT KanpurThank You !India Habitat CentreNew DelhiInternational Conference on Clean Ganga Mission: Opportunities & ChallengesDr Vinod TareIIT Kanpur