CARBON FOOTPRINT DISCLOSURE REPORT OF - Domo · CARBON FOOTPRINT DISCLOSURE REPORT OF FILMON® BX...

CARBONFOOTPRINTDISCLOSUREREPORTOFFILMON®BXANDFILMON®CS[DRAFT]REPORT

Preparedby:

SimonePedrazzini(Quantis)•FilippoSessa(Quantis)•AndreaCorona(Quantis)

For:

Date:

7November2018

CARBONFOOTPRINTDISCLOSUREREPORTOFFILMON®BXANDFILMON®CS 2

Quantis is a leading life cycle assessment (LCA) consulting firm specialized in supportingcompaniestomeasure,understandandmanagetheenvironmentalimpactsoftheirproducts,services and operations. Quantis is a global company with offices in the United States,Switzerland, Germany, France, Italy and Colombia. It employs 70 people, amongst whichseveralareinternationallyrenownedexperts.

Quantis offers cutting-edge services in environmental footprinting (multiple indicatorsincluding carbon and water), eco design, sustainable supply chains and environmentalcommunication. Quantis also provides innovative and customized IT tools, which enableorganizationstoevaluate,analyzeandmanagetheirenvironmentalfootprintwithease.Fueledbyitsclosetieswiththescientificcommunityanditsstrategicresearchcollaborations,Quantishas a strong track record in applying its knowledge and expertise to accompany clients intransformingLCAresults intodecisionsandactionplans.More informationcanbefoundatwww.quantis-intl.com.


PROJECTINFORMATION

Projecttitle CarbonFootprintdisclosurereport

Contractingorganization CFPFlexiblepackaging

Liabilitystatement Informationcontainedinthisreporthasbeencompiledfromand/or

computedfromsourcesbelievedtobecredible.Applicationofthe

dataisstrictlyatthediscretionandtheresponsibilityofthereader.

Quantisisnotliableforanylossordamagearisingfromtheuseof

theinformationinthisdocument.

Version Finalreport

7November2018

Clientcontacts MicaelaCastellani([email protected])

MarioDeLuca([email protected])


CONTENTS

LISTOFFIGURES............................................................................................................................6

LISTOFTABLES...............................................................................................................................7

ABBREVIATIONSANDACRONYMS.................................................................................................8

1. Introduction............................................................................................................................9

2. Goalofthestudy..................................................................................................................10

2.1. Objectives..........................................................................................................................10

2.2. Intendedaudiences...........................................................................................................10

2.3. Disclosuresanddeclarations.............................................................................................10

3. Scopeofthestudy................................................................................................................12

3.1. Generaldescriptionoftheproductsstudied...................................................................12

3.2. Functionsandfunctionalunit...........................................................................................12

3.3. Systemboundaries............................................................................................................13

3.3.1. Generalsystemdescription...........................................................................................13

3.3.2. Temporalandgeographicboundaries...........................................................................13

3.3.3. Cut-offcriteria................................................................................................................14

4. Approach..............................................................................................................................15

4.1. Lifecycleinventory...........................................................................................................15

4.1.1. Primaryandsecondarydata..........................................................................................15

4.1.2. Rawmaterialproduction................................................................................................15

4.1.3. Filmproduction..............................................................................................................15

4.1.4. Packaging........................................................................................................................16

4.1.5. Distribution.....................................................................................................................16

4.1.6. End-of-life.......................................................................................................................16

4.1.7. Treatmentofelectricity.................................................................................................18

4.1.8. Keyassumptions............................................................................................................19

4.1.9. Allocationmethodology.................................................................................................19

4.2. Impactassessmentmethod..............................................................................................19

4.3. Calculationtool..................................................................................................................20


4.4. Contributionanalysis.........................................................................................................20

4.5. Scenariosforsensitivityanalyses......................................................................................20

5. Results...................................................................................................................................21

5.1. CarbonfootprintofFILMON®BX......................................................................................21

5.1.1. ContributionanalysisofFILMON®BX............................................................................21

5.2. CarbonfootprintofFILMONCS®......................................................................................22

5.2.1. ContributionanalysisofFILMON®CS............................................................................22

5.3. Sensitivityanalysis.............................................................................................................23

5.3.1. Electricitymixforthefilmproductionstage.................................................................23

5.3.2. DatasetforPA6production...........................................................................................24

5.3.3. Coproductallocationinthefilmproductionstage.......................................................24

6. Conclusionandlimitations...................................................................................................26

6.1. Conclusions........................................................................................................................26

6.2. Limitation...........................................................................................................................26

7. References............................................................................................................................27

8. Appendices...........................................................................................................................28

AppendixA–Productinformation,datasources,andassumptionsErrore. Il segnalibro non èdefinito.

AppendixB–Listofemissionfactors..........................................................................................28

AppendixX–Confidentialappendix(ifany)...............................................................................34


LISTOFFIGURES

Figure1GeneralrequirementsandguidelinesforCFPcommunicationoptions(ISO,2013)...............11

Figure2LifecycleoftheFILMON®productsevaluatedinthisstudy....................................................13

Figure4:CircularFootprintFormula.....................................................................................................17

Figure5ContributionanalysisforFILMONBX......................................................................................21

Figure6ContributionanalysisofFILMONCS........................................................................................22

Figure7Sensitivityanalysisoftheelectricitymixusedinthefilmproductionstage...........................23

Figure8SensitivityanalysisoftheLCIdatasetfortherawmaterials...................................................24

Figure9Sensitivityanalysisco-productsallocationmethod...............................................................25


LISTOFTABLES

Table1Packagingmaterialandquantitiesusedinthisstudy...............................................................16

Table2:Averagetransportdistancesusedinthisstudy.......................................................................16

Table3:NotationusedintheCircularfootprintformula......................................................................17

Table 4: Paramenters used for the CFF formula. Default values taken from(European Commission,

2014).....................................................................................................................................................18

Table5ElectricitymixusedbyCFPintheirsiteinCesanoMaderno....................................................18


ABBREVIATIONSANDACRONYMS

CFP CarbonFootprint

CO2eq CarbonDioxideequivalent

EOL EndofLife

GWP GlobalWarmingPotential

IPCC

ISO

IntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange

InternationalOrganizationforStandardization

kg

km

Kilogram=1,000grams(g)=2.2pounds(lbs)

Kilometer=1000meters(m)

kWh Kilowatt-hour=3,600,000joules(j)

LCA LifeCycleAssessment

LCI LifeCycleInventory

LCIA LifeCycleImpactAssessment

m2 Squaremeter

m3 Cubicmeter

MJ Megajoule=1,000,000joules,(948Btu)

PA6 Nylon6


1. IntroductionCfpFlexiblePackagingisaleadingEuropeanPA6filmproducer,partofDOMOChemicalsfrom2014.CfpFlexiblePackagingisconstantlymonitoringitsperformanceswhenitcomestosafety,qualityandenvironmentalimpactofitsproduction.AlltheseimportantaspectsaremanagedwithanIntegratedManagementSystem(QEHS)certifiedinconformitywithstandardnorms.CfpflexiblepackagingS.p.A.,hasengagedinanefforttounderstandtheenvironmentalimpactsoftheirpolyamidefilmsFILMON®BXandFILMONCS®.Tobegincollectingthisfoundationalknowledge, Cfp flexible packaging S.p.A. has commissioned Quantis to perform a Carbonfootprint(CFP)oftheirFILMON®polyamidefilms.ItistheintentionthatthisCFPconformstothe International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 14067 (ISO, 2013), for publicdisclosure. This CFP disclosure report aims to have a CFP communication intended to bepublicly available, for a non-comparative CFP external communication or CFP performancetrackingreport(ISO,2013).


2. GoalofthestudyThis section describes the goal and scope of the study, along with the methodologicalframeworkofthecarbonfootprint.Itincludestheobjectivesofthestudy,adescriptionoftheproduct function and product system, the system boundaries, data sources, andmethodologicalframework.

2.1. Objectives

ThisstudyevaluatesthecarbonfootprintoftwoCfpFILMON®polyamidefilm:

1. FILMON®BX

2. FILMON®CS

Thespecificgoalsofthisstudyareasfollows:

I. CharacterizetheoverallGHGemissionsofFILMON®BXandFILMONCS®producedbyCfpflexiblepackagingS.p.A.inCesanoMaderno(Italy).

II. IdentitytheGHGemissionsandremovalslinkedtothemainlifecyclestagesofFILMON®BXandFILMONCS®andidentifypotentialimprovementopportunities.

III. UsethoseresultstosupportcommunicationandclaimsofsustainabilityinformationonFILMON® BX and FILMON CS® to a wide range of audiences, including consumers,retailers,governments,NGOsandothers.

2.2. Intendedaudiences

Theprojectreport is intendedtoprovideresults inaclearandusefulmannertoinformCfpflexible packaging S.p.A.’s communication of environmental performance to internal andexternalaudiencessuchaspartners,suppliers,customers,andthepublic.ThisCFPdisclosurereport aims to have a CFP communication intended to be publicly available, for a non-comparativeCFPexternalcommunicationorCFPperformancetrackingreport(ISO,2013).

2.3. Disclosuresanddeclarations

CfpflexiblepackagingS.p.A.seekstoevaluateandcomparetheGHGemissionsassociatedtothelifecycleoftheirpolyamidefilmsFILMON®BXandFILMONCS®.Thereportconformstothe ISO 14067 standard for a non-comparative CFP external communication or CFPperformancetrackingreportasillustratedinFigure1.Becausetheresultsofthisstudyapply


onlytotwoparticularproductbyCfpflexiblepackaging,itisnotexpectedtonegativelyaffectanyexternalinterestedparties.AsstatedintheISO14067norm,CFPstudyshallnotbeusedfor a communication on overall environmental superiority of one product vs. another one.ComparisonbasedontheCFPsofdifferentproductsisonlypermittedifthecalculationofCFPsof the products to be compared follows identical CFP quantification and communicationrequirements.ThepresentstudydonotfollowaspecificCFP-PCR.

Figure1GeneralrequirementsandguidelinesforCFPcommunicationoptions(ISO,2013)


3. ScopeofthestudyThissectiondescribesthescopeoftheassessment.Itincludesadescriptionoftheproductsfunctions and products systems, the system boundaries, data sources, andmethodologicalframework.Additional,specificdatapertainingtoeachsystemcanbefoundinAppendixA.

3.1. Generaldescriptionoftheproductsstudied

TheproductsassessedinthestudiesaretwoCfpFILMON®polyamidefilmsproducedbyCfpinCesanoMaderno(Italy):

1) FILMON®BX(biaxiallyoriented-BOPA)

FILMON®BXisaBiaxiallyOrientedpolyamidefilmsincludingonesidecoronatreatedmaterials.Thisproductiscommonlyusedinmulti-layerstructuresforthoseapplicationsrequiringhighpunctureandflex-crackresistanceandgoodaromabarrier.FILMON®BXisproducedwithanexclusive double bubble simultaneous stretching technology. This technology guaranteesexcellentbalance inmechanical&physicalpropertiesresulting inhighqualityfilms(DOMO,2018a).

2) FILMON®CS(CAST-PA)

FILMON®CS(PA-CAST) isacast filmproduct includingonesidecoronatreatedmaterials. Itoffersanexcellentthermoformabiltywithacombinationofmechanical,aroma/gasbarrierandexcellentbrilliancyandtransparencyproperties(DOMO,2018b).

3.2. Functionsandfunctionalunit

TheCarbonfootprintmethodreliesona“functionalunit”(FU)forcomparisonofalternativeproductsthatmaysubstituteeachotherinfulfillingacertainfunctionfortheuserorconsumer.The FU describes this function in quantitative terms and serves as an anchor point of thecomparisonensuringthatthecomparedalternativesdoindeedfulfilthesamefunction.It isthereforecritical that thisparameter is clearlydefinedandmeasurable.The functionalunitusedfortheassessmentofbothFILMON®BXandFILMONCS®is:

1kgofFILMON®polyamidefilm.

Otherfunctions,suchasbarrier,transparencypropertiesarenotaddressedinthisstudy.


3.3. Systemboundaries

Thesystemboundariesidentifythelifecyclestages,processes,andflowsconsideredintheLCAandshould includeallactivitiesrelevanttoattainingtheabove-mentionedstudyobjectives.Thefollowingparagraphspresentageneraldescriptionofthesystemaswellastemporalandgeographicalboundariesofthisstudy.

3.3.1. Generalsystemdescription

This study assesses the life cycleof FILMON®BXandFILMONCS® from theextractionandprocessingofallrawmaterialsthroughtheend-of-lifeofallcomponents,includingprimaryandsecondarypackaging,asdepictedin

.

Figure2LifecycleoftheFILMON®productsevaluatedinthisstudy

Theassessmentconsidersallidentifiable“upstream”activitiestoprovideascomprehensiveaviewaspossibleoftheproduct’scradle-to-gravelifecycle.Forexample,whenconsideringtheenvironmental impact of transportation, not only are the emissions of the truck or shipconsidered,butalso includedarethe impactsofadditionalprocessesand inputsneededtoproducethefuelandthevehicle.Inthisway,theproductionchainsofallinputsaretracedbackto the original extraction of rawmaterials. Capital goods are included wherever data wasavailable.Capitalgoodsarenot includedfordistributionandretail.Forthepurposesofthisanalysis,thesystemwasgroupedintothefollowingprincipallifecyclestages.

1) Rawmaterialsproduction

2) FilmProduction

3) Packaging

4) Distribution

5) End-of-life

Rawmaterialsproduction

Filmmanufacturing Packaging

production Distribution End-of-life


3.3.2. Temporalandgeographicboundaries

ThisCFPisrepresentativeofFILMON®BXandFILMONCS®producedinCesanoMaderno(MB),Italy.Thereferenceyearofthestudyis2017.Dataandassumptionsareintendedtoreflectcurrentequipment,processes,andmarketconditions.Itshouldbenoted,however,thatsomeprocesseswithinthesystemboundariesmighttakeplaceanywhereoranytime.Forexample,theprocessesassociatedwiththesupplychainandwithwastemanagementcantakeplaceinAsia,NorthAmericaorelsewhere intheworld. Inaddition,certainprocessesmaygenerateemissionsoveralongerperiodthanthereferenceyear.Thisappliestolandfilling,whichcausesemissions(biogasandleachate)overaperiodoftimewhoselength(severaldecadestooveracentury/millennium)dependsonthedesignandoperationparametersoftheburialcellsandhowtheemissionsaremodelledintheenvironment.

3.3.3. Cut-offcriteriaandexclusions

Processesmaybeexcludediftheircontributionstothetotalsystem’senvironmentalimpactare less than1%.Allproductcomponentsandproductionprocessesare includedwhenthenecessaryinformationisreadilyavailableorareasonableestimatecanbemade.Itshouldbenoted that the capital equipment and infrastructure available in the Ecoinvent database(v3.3)(WeidemaBP,BauerC,HischierR,MutelC,NemecekT,ReinhardJ,VadenboCO,2012)isincludedinthebackgrounddataforthisstudyinordertobeascomprehensiveaspossible.

Theusestageisexcludedfromthestudyduetotheuncertaintyrelatedtothemultiplepossibleapplicationsoftheproductsassessed.

Moreover,thefollowingprocesseswere leftoutofthesystemboundaries, inconformitytousualpracticesincarbonfootprinting:labor,commutingofworkersandadministrativework.


4. Approach

4.1. Lifecycleinventory

ThequalityofLCAresultsaredependentonthequalityofdatausedintheevaluation.Everyefforthasbeenmadeforthisinvestigationtoimplementthemostcredibleandrepresentativeinformationavailable.

4.1.1. Primaryandsecondarydata

Life cycle inventory (LCI) data collection mainly concerns the materials used, the energyconsumedandthewastesandemissionsgeneratedbyeachprocess included inthesystemboundaries.PrimarydatahavebeencollecteddirectlyfromCfpflexiblepackagingforthefilmproductionprocess,PA6production,primaryandsecondarypackagingmaterialsaswellasdatarelated to transportation distances, modes, and waste generated at the plant. AdditionalinformationdescribingtheremainingaspectsofthelifecyclewascollectedfromtheEcoinventdatabasev3.3inthecut-offbyclassificationallocationmodel(Weidemaetal.2013).Ecoinventis recognized as one of the most complete background LCI databases available, from aquantitative (number of included processes) and a qualitative (quality of the validationprocesses, data completeness, etc.) perspective. A full list of data sources is available inAppendixA.

4.1.2. Rawmaterialproduction

CarbonfootprintonPA6granulateproductionwasprovidedbyCfpflexiblepackagingandistakenfromastudyrealizedbyDomoonDOMAMID®H27S,apolymerusedfortextile.Theuseofprimarydatafortheproductionofthemainrawmaterialallowsahigheraccuracyontheenvironmental impact arising by the use of the rawmaterial. A limitation is that the studyrealizedbyDomousingGaBidatabase,whichisbasedonamethodologicalapproachslightlydifferentfromthatoftheEcoinvent,thedatabaseusedintherestofthestudy.AcomparisonoftheGHGemissionfromPA6productionusingdifferentdatasetsispresentedinthesensitivityanalysis.

4.1.3. Filmproduction

PrimarydataforfilmproductionwereprovidedbyCFPflexiblepackagingdetailing:

• Materialconsumption• Energyandwaterconsumption• Refrigerantgases


• Packagingmaterialconsumption• Othermaterialconsumption• Wasteproduction

FulldetailsonthedataregardingthefilmproductionstateareavailableintheAppendixA.

4.1.4. Packaging

Primarydataregardingpackagingmaterialconsumptionandtypeofpackagingwereprovidedby CFP flexible packaging. Packaging was assumed similar for the two products underassessment.Table1summarizesthetypeandquantityofpackagingmaterialperFU.

Table1Packagingmaterialandquantitiesusedinthisstudy.Packagingtype Quantity

[g/kgFU]

Wood 71.63

Corrugatedboard 17.55

Plastic 5.96

Paper 0.04

Plasticpellet 1.08

Iron 0.04

4.1.5. Distribution

Dataondistributionwerederivedfromtheturnover(inkg)percountryofthetwoproductswereprovidedbyCfpflexiblepackaging.TheaveragedistributiondistancesarepresentedinTable2.DetaileddataregardingtransportationdistancesareprovidedinAppendixA.

Table2:AveragetransportdistancesusedinthisstudyProduct Averagetransportationdistancebytruck

[km]Averagetransportdistancebyship

[km]

FILMON®BX 862 754

FILMONCS® 827 893

4.1.6. End-of-life

The so-called circular footprint formula (CFF), developed by the EuropeanCommission(Manfredietal.,2012),isusedinthisstudytoaccountoftheGHGemissionsarisingfromtheend-of-lifestage.

Thecircularfootprintformulatakesintoaccountthestateofthemarketforrecoveredmaterialandbalancesaccordinglythecreditinparttotheuseroftherecycledmaterialandinparttotheprovideroftherecyclablematerial.

Errore.L'origineriferimentononèstatatrovata.Figure3presentsthecircularfootprintformulawithitsthreedistinctcomponents:material(productionandrecycling),energy(recovery)and


disposal,whichadd-uptothetotal impactsofagivenmaterial.Errore.L'origineriferimentononèstatatrovata.detailsthenotationusedintheformula.

Thetwoparametersintheformulaare:

§ A:Allocationfactorofburdensandcreditsbetweensupplieranduserofrecycledmaterials.Thisisakeyparameterthatenablesarefinedtuningbetween100/0and0/100.IfAislarge(e.g., 0.8), the credits are mostly given to the system that uses recycled (secondary)material.Conversely,asmallA(e.g.,0.2)willmostlygivecreditstothesystemprovidingrecyclablematerialforuseinthenextsystem.

§ B:Allocationfactorofburdensandcreditsbetweensupplieranduserofenergyrecoveryprocesses.Currently set to0bydefault, so full impactsandcreditsareallocated to thesystemgeneratingthewaste.ThisimpliesthattheuseofelectricityandheatfromMSWIplantsis“freeofcharge”.Thiscouldbechangedifitwasdecidedforpolicyreasons.

Thesefactorsarematerial-andapplication-specific.

Figure3:CircularFootprintFormula

Table3:NotationusedintheCircularfootprintformula

Parameter

A Allocationfactorofburdensandcreditsbetweensupplieranduserofrecycledmaterials.

B Allocationfactorofenergyrecoveryprocesses:itappliesbothtoburdensandcredits.

QSin Qualityofthesecondarymaterialusedasinput

QSout Qualityoftherecycledmaterialoutgoingthesystematthepointofsubstitution.

QP Qualityoftheprimarymaterial,i.e.qualityofthevirginmaterial.

R1 Proportionofsecondarymaterialintheinput

R2 Proportionofthematerialintheproductthatwillberecycled(orreused)inasubsequentsystem.R2shallthereforetakeintoaccounttheinefficienciesinthecollectionandrecycling(orreuse)processes.R2shallbemeasuredattheoutputoftherecyclingplant.

R3 ProportionofthematerialintheproductthatisusedforenergyrecoveryatEoL.

Erecycled Specificemissionsandresourcesconsumedarisingfromtherecyclingprocessoftherecycled(reused)material,includingcollection,sortingandtransportationprocess.


ErecyclingEoL SpecificemissionsandresourcesconsumedarisingfromtherecyclingprocessatEoL,includingcollection,sortingandtransportationprocess.

Ev Specificemissionsandresourcesconsumedarisingfromtheacquisitionandpre-processingofvirginmaterial.

Ev* Specificemissionsandresourcesconsumedarisingfromtheacquisitionandpre-processingof

virginmaterialassumedtobesubstitutedbyrecyclablematerials.

EER Specificemissionsandresourcesconsumedarisingfromtheenergyrecoveryprocess(e.g.,incinerationwithenergyrecovery,landfillwithenergyrecovery,…).

ESE,heatESE,elec

Specificemissionsandresourcesconsumedthatwouldhavearisenfromthespecificsubstitutedenergysource,heat1andelectricity2respectively.

ED SpecificemissionsandresourcesconsumedarisingfromdisposalofwastematerialattheEoLoftheanalysedproduct,withoutenergyrecovery.

XER,elecXER,heat

Efficiencyoftheenergyrecoveryprocessforheatandelectricityrespectively.

LHV LowerHeatingValueofthematerialintheproductthatisusedforenergyrecovery.

Averageparametersdisposalprovidedby theEuropeanCommission forPA6 inUE28 in thecontextoftheProductEnvironmentalFootprint(PEF)initiativewasusedinthisstudyandarepresentedinTable4.

Table4:ParametersusedfortheCFFformula.Defaultvaluestakenfrom(EuropeanCommission,2014)Parameter Value

A 50%

R1 0%

R2 0%

R3 45%

4.1.7. Treatmentofelectricity

Specific primary data were supplied by Cfp regarding electricity consumption at the filmproductionstagedetailingelectricityconsumptionsandthegridmixused.Table5,presentsthegridmixelectricityusedinthestudyforthefilmproductionstage.Fortheotherprocessincludedinthesystemboundaries,secondarydatatakenfromEcoinvent(WeidemaBP,BauerC,HischierR,MutelC,NemecekT,ReinhardJ,VadenboCO,2012)wereused.

Table5ElectricitymixusedbyCFPintheirsiteinCesanoMadernoElectricitysource

Percentageoftheelectricitymixusedattheproductionplant[%]

Naturalgas 48%

Renewables 25%

Coal 18%

Nuclear 4%

1Bydefaultforscreenings,thesubstitutedheatis«heat,lightfueloil,atboiler10kW,non-modulating,CH,[MJ]».FormoredetailedLCAs,pleaserefertotheheatingmixintheGeneralAssumptionsGuidelines.2Bydefaultforscreenings,thesubstitutedelectricitymixistheEuropeanone,mediumvoltage.


Other 5%

4.1.8. Keyassumptions

Thefollowingkeyassumptionsaremadeinthemodelforthestudiedproducts:

• DataonPA6granulateproductionarefromthestudyrealizedbyDomoonDOMAMID®

H27S,apolymerusedfortextile.FILMON®BXandFILMON®CSareactuallymadeof

H33FandH36F,characterizedbyadifferentgradeofviscositycomparedtoH27Sbut

withsimilarconsumptionsintermsofenergyandrawmaterial.

Otherassumptionsarebasedontheprofessional judgmentofthemodelersandhavebeenheldconstantforallproductsunderstudywhereaclearbasisdoesnotexisttodifferentiateamongsystems.AlldatasourcesandassumptionsaredocumentedinAppendixA.

4.1.9. Allocationmethodology

A commonmethodologicaldecisionpointoccurswhen the systembeing studied isdirectlyconnectedtoapastorfuturesystem,orproducesco-products.Whensystemsarelinkedinthismanner,theboundariesofthesystemof interestmustbewidenedtoincludetheadjoiningsystem, or the impacts of the linking itemsmust be distributed—or allocated—across thesystems.Whilethereisnoclearscientificconsensusregardinganoptimalmethodforhandlingthisinallcases(Reapetal.2008),manypossibleapproacheshavebeendeveloped,andeachmayhaveagreaterlevelofappropriatenessincertaincircumstances.

ISO 14067 prioritizes the methodologies related to applying allocation. It is best to avoidallocation throughsystemsubdivisionorexpansion. If that isnotpossible, thenoneshouldperformallocationusinganunderlyingphysicalrelationship.Ifusingaphysicalrelationshipisnotpossibleordoesnotmakessense,thenonecanuseanotherrelationship.Infilmproductionstage a co-product is produced together with the main film product. Allocation has beenperformedusingamass-basedrelationship.Inthesensitivityanalysistheadoptedallocationkeyiscomparedwithaneconomic-basedallocationkey.

4.2. Impactassessmentmethod

IntheLCIAphaseofaCFPstudy,thepotentialclimatechangeimpactofeachGHGemittedandremovedbytheproductsystemwerecalculatedbymultiplyingthemassofGHGreleasedorremoved by the 100-year GWP given by the IPCC in units of “kg CO2e per kg emission”.Therefore,theCFPoftheproductunderassessmentisthesumofthesecalculatedimpacts.IncomplianceoftheISO14067norm,thelatestGWPvaluesprovidedbyIPCCareused(IPCC,2015).


4.3. Calculationtool

SimaPro software, developed by PRé Consultants (www.pre.nl) was used to assist the LCAmodelling and link the reference flowswith the LCI database and link the LCI flows to therelevant GWP factors. The final LCI result was calculated combining foreground data(intermediateproductsandelementaryflows)withgenericdatasetsprovidingcradle-to-gatebackgroundelementaryflowstocreateacompleteinventoryofthestudiedsystem.

4.4. Contributionanalysis

IncomplianceoftheISO14067norm,acontributionanalysisisperformedtodeterminetheextenttowhicheachprocessmodelledcontributestotheoverallimpactofthesystemsunderstudy. Lower quality data may be suitable in the case of a process whose contribution isminimal.Similarly,processeswithagreatinfluenceonthestudyresultsshouldbecharacterizedbyhigh-qualityinformation.Inthisstudy,thecontributionanalysisisasimpleobservationoftherelativeimportanceofthedifferentprocessestotheoverallpotentialimpact.

4.5. Scenariosforsensitivityanalyses

Theparameters,methodologicalchoicesandassumptionsusedwhenmodellingthesystemspresentacertaindegreeofuncertaintyandvariability.Itisimportanttoevaluatewhetherthechoice of parameters, methods, and assumptions significantly influences the study’sconclusionsandtowhatextent the findingsaredependentuponcertainsetsofconditions.FollowingtheISO14067standard,aseriesofsensitivityanalysesareusedtostudytheinfluenceof the uncertainty and variability of modelling assumptions and data on the results andconclusions,therebyevaluatingtheirrobustnessandreliability.Sensitivityanalyseshelpintheinterpretation phase to understand the uncertainty of results and identify limitations. Thefollowing parameters and choices are varied to test the sensitivity of the results andconclusions:

§ Electricitymixforthefilmproductionstage§ DatasetforPA6production§ Coproductallocationinthefilmproductionstage

Theseareexplainedinmoredetailinsection5.3.


5. Results

5.1. CarbonfootprintofFILMON®BX

ThetotalcarbonfootprintoftheFILMON®BXisestimatedtobe11.2kgCO2-eq/kg.

5.1.1. ContributionanalysisofFILMON®BX

Inthecontributionanalysis,thetotalCFPoftheFILMON®BXisdividedintothemainproduct’slife cycle stages to understand the contribution of each life cycle stage. The results arepresentedinFigure4.Thelifecyclestagewiththehighestburdenistheproductionoftherawmaterial, specifically the PA6 production. It accounts for approximately 77% of the totalimpacts.Filmproductionandend-of-lifeaccountsforapproximately15%and7%ofthetotalfootprintrespectively.PackaginganddistributionhavenegligiblecontributionontheoverallCFP.

Figure4ContributionanalysisforFILMONBX.

0 2 4 6 8 10

PA6granulateproduction

FILMONproduction

End-of-life

Distribution

Packaging

kgCO2 eq


5.2. CarbonfootprintofFILMONCS®

ThetotalcarbonfootprintoftheFILMON®BXisestimatedtobe10.4kgCO2-eq/kg.

5.2.1. ContributionanalysisofFILMON®CS

Inthecontributionanalysis,thetotalCFPoftheFILMON®CSisdividedintothemainproduct’slife cycle stages to understand the contribution of each life cycle stage. The results arepresentedinFigure5.Thelifecyclestagewiththehighestburdenistheproductionoftherawmaterial, specifically the PA6 production. It accounts for approximately 83% of the totalimpacts.Filmproductionandend-of-lifeaccountsforapproximately8%and7%ofthetotalfootprintrespectively.PackaginganddistributionhavenegligiblecontributionontheoverallCFP.

Figure5ContributionanalysisofFILMONCS

0 2 4 6 8 10

PA6granulateproduction

FILMONproduction

End-of-life

Distribution

Packaging

kgCO2 eq


5.3. Sensitivityanalysis

FollowingtheISO14067standard,aseriesofsensitivityanalysesisusedtostudytheinfluenceof the uncertainty and variability of modelling assumptions and data on the results andconclusions,therebyevaluatingtheirrobustnessandreliability.Sensitivityanalyseshelpintheinterpretation phase to understand the uncertainty of results and identify limitations. Thefollowingparametersandchoicesarevariedtotestthesensitivityoftheresults:

§ Electricitymixforthefilmproductionstage§ DatasetforPA6production§ Coproductallocationinthefilmproductionstage

5.3.1. Electricitymixforthefilmproductionstage

Inthissection,theresultsofthesensitivityanalysisconnectedtotheelectricityutilizationatthefactorylevelarepresented.Thealternativescenariostestedare:

§ ThecurrentelectricitymixusedattheCfpflexibleproductsfactory§ TheaverageItalianelectricitymix§ Useofphotovoltaicenergy(e.g.installationofsolarpanelonthefactoryroof)

TheresultsarepresentedinFigure6.TheelectricitymixcurrentlyusedbyCFPhasahigherfootprintof6%and86%comparedtotheaverageItalianelectricitymixandrenewableenergysourcesrespectively.

Figure6Sensitivityanalysisoftheelectricitymixusedinthefilmproductionstage.

0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7

2017ElectricitymixusedbyCFP

Italianaverageelectricitymix

Greenelectricitymix(photovoltaic)

kgCO2eq/kWh


5.3.2. DatasetforPA6production

InthissectiontheresultsofthesensitivityanalysisconnectedtothedatasetusedtocalculatetheGHGemissionofthePA6arepresented.Thealternativescenariotested:

§ ThePA6datasetprovidedbyDOMO§ TheEcoInventprocessfromPA6production

The results are presented in Figure 7. The use of the Ecoinvent dataset leads to a higherestimationoftheGHGemissionforPA6productionof16%.

Figure7SensitivityanalysisoftheLCIdatasetfortherawmaterials.

5.3.3. Coproductallocationinthefilmproductionstage

Inthissectiontheresultsofthesensitivityanalysisconnectedtotheco-productallocationinthefilmproductionstage.Thealternativescenariotestedfortheproductionof1kgofFILMON:

§ Mass-basedallocation§ Economicbasedallocation

The results are presented in Figure 8. The use of economic allocation leads to a higherestimationoftheGHGemissionofapproximately11%forbothscenarios.

0 2 4 6 8 10

DomoPA6H27S

EcoinventPA6

kgCO2eq/kgPA6


Figure8Sensitivityanalysisco-productsallocationmethod.

0 2 4 6 8 10 12

Mass-basedallocation

Economicallocation

kgCO2 eq

Filmon®CS Filmon®BX


6. Conclusionandlimitations

6.1. Conclusions

The carbon footprint study of the FILMON® BX and FILMON® CS has identified the PA6granulateproductionasthelargestcontributortoGHGemissionrepresentingabout77%ofthetotalFILMON®BXemissionsand82%FILMON®CSemissions.

ThemanufacturingstageatCesanoMadernoplantaccountsfor16%inthecaseofFILMON®BXand8%inthecaseofFILMON®CS.ThedifferenceismainlyconnectedtothelowprocessingneedsofFILMON®CScomparedtoFILMON®BX.

The electricity consumption has been identified as the main source of impacts of themanufacturingstage.

6.2. Limitation

• Thestudyshouldnotbeusedforcomparativeassessmentwithotherproduct• Thestudyshouldnotbeusedtocomparethetwoproductsstudiedsincethefunction

isdifferent


7. ReferencesDOMO, 2018a. Filmon BX [WWW Document]. URL https://www.domochemicals.com/en/products/nylon-

film/filmon-bx

DOMO, 2018b. Filmon C [WWW Document]. URL https://www.domochemicals.com/en/products/nylon-film/filmon-c

EuropeanCommission,2014.GuidancefortheimplementationoftheEUProductEnvironmentalFootprint(PEF)duringtheEnvironmentalFootprint(EF)pilotphase-Version3.4.

IPCC,2015.GlobalWarmingPotentialValues.

ISO, 2013. ISO 14067. Greenhouse gases - Carbon footprint of products - Requirements and guidelines forquantificationandcommunication.

Manfredi,S.,Allacker,K.,Chomkhamsri,K.,Pelletier,N.,MaiadeSouza,D.,2012.ProductEnvironmentalFootprint(PEF)Guide.Ispra,Italy.

WeidemaBP,BauerC,HischierR,MutelC,NemecekT,Reinhard J,VadenboCO,W.G.,2012.Overviewandmethodology-Dataqualityguidelinefortheecoinventdatabaseversion3.Dübendorf.


8. Appendices

AppendixA–Listofemissionfactors

Substance GHGFactor[kgCO2eq/kg]

(E)-1-Chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene 2(E)-1,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoroprop-1-ene 0.0961(Perfluorobutyl)ethylene 1(Perfluoroctyl)ethylene 0.398(Perfluorohexyl)ethylene 0.131(Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-Hexafluorobut-2-ene 2(Z)-1,2,3,3,3-Pentafluoroprop-1-ene 0.284(Z)-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoroprop-1-ene 0.3471-Propanol,3,3,3-trifluoro-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-,HFE-7100 5091-Propanol,i-3,3,3-trifluoro-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-,i-HFE-7100 4921-Propanol,n-3,3,3-trifluoro-2,2-bis(trifluoromethyl)-,n-HFE-7100 5871-Undecanol,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,10,10,11,11,11-nonadecafluoro- 0.1131,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropan-2-ol 2211,2,2-Trichloro-1,1-difluoroethane 722,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene 0.429Acetate,1,1-difluoroethyl2,2,2-trifluoro- 38Acetate,2,2,2-trifluoroethyl2,2,2-trifluoro- 8Acetate,difluoromethyl2,2,2-trifluoro- 33Acetate,methyl2,2-difluoro- 4Acetate,methyl2,2,2-trifluoro- 64Acetate,perfluorobutyl- 2Acetate,perfluoroethyl- 3Acetate,perfluoropropyl- 2Butane,1,1,1,2,2,3,3,4,4-nonafluoro-,HFC-329p 2740Butane,1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoro-,HFC-365mfc 966Butane,perfluoro- 10200Butane,perfluorocyclo-,PFC-318 10600Butanol,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro- 41Butanol,2,2,3,3,4,4,4-heptafluoro-1- 20Butanol,2,2,3,4,4,4-hexafluoro-1- 21Carbondioxide 1Carbondioxide,biogenic 0Carbondioxide,fossil 1Carbondioxide,landtransformation 1


Carbonmonoxide 1.57Carbonmonoxide,biogenic 0Carbonmonoxide,fossil 1.57Carbonmonoxide,landtransformation 1.57Chloroform 20Cis-perfluorodecalin 8030Decane,1,1,...,15,15-eicosafluoro-2,5,8,11,14-Pentaoxapenta- 4240Decane,1,1,3,3,4,4,6,6,7,7,9,9,10,10,12,12-hexadecafluoro-2,5,8,11-tetraoxado-

5250

Decane,1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,8,8,10,10-dodecafluoro-2,4,6,9-tetraoxa- 4630Decane,1,1,3,3,5,5,7,7,9,9-decafluoro-2,4,6,8-tetraoxanonane- 8580Dinitrogenmonoxide 298EPTE-furan 68Ethane,1-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro- 4990Ethane,1-chloro-1,1-difluoro-,HCFC-142b 2350Ethane,1-chloro-2,2,2-trifluoro-(difluoromethoxy)-,HCFE-235da2 595Ethane,1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoro- 71Ethane,1,1'-oxybis[2-(difluoromethoxy)-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro- 5740Ethane,1,1-dichloro-1-fluoro-,HCFC-141b 938Ethane,1,1-dichloro-1,2-difluoro-,HCFC-132c 409Ethane,1,1-difluoro-,HFC-152a 167Ethane,1,1,1-trichloro-,HCFC-140 193Ethane,1,1,1-trifluoro-,HFC-143a 5510Ethane,1,1,1-trifluoro-2-bromo- 210Ethane,1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-,HFC-134a 1550Ethane,1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-2-bromo-,Halon2401 223Ethane,1,1,2-trichloro-1,2-difluoro-,HCFC-122a 312Ethane,1,1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoro-,CFC-113 6590Ethane,1,1,2-trifluoro-,HFC-143 397Ethane,1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-,HFC-134 1340Ethane,1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-1-(fluoromethoxy)- 1050Ethane,1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-1,2-dimethoxy- 269Ethane,1,2-dibromotetrafluoro-,Halon2402 1730Ethane,1,2-dichloro- 1Ethane,1,2-dichloro-1,1,2-trifluoro-,HCFC-123a 447Ethane,1,2-dichloro-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-,CFC-114 9620Ethane,1,2-difluoro-,HFC-152 20Ethane,2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoro-,HCFC-124 635Ethane,2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoro-1-methoxy- 149Ethane,2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoro-,HCFC-123 96Ethane,chloropentafluoro-,CFC-115 8520Ethane,fluoro-,HFC-161 4


Ethane,hexafluoro-,HFC-116 12300Ethane,pentafluoro-,HFC-125 3690Ethanol,2-fluoro- 1Ethanol,2,2-difluoro- 4Ethanol,2,2,2-trifluoro- 24Ethene,1,1-difluoro-,HFC-1132a 0.0516Ethene,1,1,2-trifluoro-2-(trifluoromethoxy)- 0.255Ether,1,1,1-trifluoromethylmethyl-,HFE-143a 632Ether,1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-,HFE-347mcc3 641Ether,1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-,HFE-347mcf2 1030Ether,1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethyl2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-,HFE-347pcf2 1070Ether,1,1,2,2-Tetrafluoroethylmethyl-,HFE-254cb2 365Ether,1,1,2,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropylmethyl-,HFE-356mec3 468Ether,1,1,2,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropylmethyl-,HFE-356pcc3 500Ether,1,1,2,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropylmethyl-,HFE-356pcf2 867Ether,1,1,2,3,3,3-Hexafluoropropylmethyl-,HFE-356pcf3 540Ether,1,2,2-trifluoroethyltrifluoromethyl-,HFE-236ea2 1490Ether,1,2,2-trifluoroethyltrifluoromethyl-,HFE-236fa 1180Ether,2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyldifluoromethyl-,HCFE-235ca2(enflurane) 705Ether,bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)- 20Ether,di(difluoromethyl),HFE-134 6510Ether,difluoromethyl1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-,HFE-236ea2(desflurane) 2140Ether,difluoromethyl2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-,HFE-245cb2 790Ether,difluoromethyl2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-,HFE-245fa1 997Ether,difluoromethyl2,2,2-trifluoroethyl-,HFE-245fa2 981Ether,ethyl1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-,HFE-374pc2 758Ether,ethyltrifluoromethyl-,HFE-263m1 36Ether,i-nonafluorobutaneethyl-,HFE569sf2(i-HFE-7200) 54Ether,n-nonafluorobutaneethyl-,HFE569sf2(n-HFE-7200) 79Ether,nonafluorobutaneethyl-,HFE569sf2(HFE-7200) 69Ether,pentafluoromethyl-,HFE-125 14000Fluoridate,1,1-difluoroethylcarbono- 33Fluoridate,methylcarbono- 116Fluoroxene 0.066Formate,1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropan-2-yl- 403Formate,1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl- 569Formate,2,2,2-trifluoroethyl- 41Formate,3,3,3-trifluoropropyl- 21Formate,perfluorobutyl- 475Formate,perfluoroethyl- 703Formate,perfluoropropyl- 456Halothane 50


Heptanol,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,7-undecafluoro- 0.166Hexane,perfluoro- 8780HFE-227EA 7380HFE-236ca12(HG-10) 6260HFE-263fb2 2HFE-329mcc2 3600HFE-338mcf2 1120HFE-338pcc13(HG-01) 3470HFE-43-10pccc124(H-Galden1040x) 3350HG-02 3250HG-03 3400Methane 34Methane,(difluoromethoxy)((difluoromethoxy)difluoromethoxy)difluoro- 6200Methane,biogenic 34Methane,bromo-,Halon1001 3Methane,bromochlorodifluoro-,Halon1211 2070Methane,bromodifluoro-,Halon1201 454Methane,bromotrifluoro-,Halon1301 7150Methane,chlorodifluoro-,HCFC-22 2110Methane,chlorotrifluoro-,CFC-13 15500Methane,dibromo- 1Methane,dibromodifluoro-,Halon1202 280Methane,dichloro-,HCC-30 11Methane,dichlorodifluoro-,CFC-12 11500Methane,dichlorofluoro-,HCFC-21 179Methane,difluoro-,HFC-32 817Methane,difluoro(fluoromethoxy)- 748Methane,difluoro(methoxy)- 175Methane,fluoro-,HFC-41 141Methane,fluoro(fluoromethoxy)- 159Methane,fluoro(methoxy)- 15Methane,fossil 36.8Methane,iodotrifluoro- 909Methane,landtransformation 36.8Methane,monochloro-,R-40 15Methane,tetrachloro-,CFC-10 2020Methane,tetrafluoro-,CFC-14 7350Methane,trichlorofluoro-,CFC-11 5350Methane,trifluoro-,HFC-23 13900Methylacetate 3Methylformate 712Methylperfluoroisopropylether 440


Nitrogenfluoride 17900Nonanol,3,3,4,4,5,5,6,6,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-pentadecafluoro- 0.229Octadecafluorooctane 8460Pentafluorobutene-1 0.154Pentane,2,3-dihydroperfluoro-,HFC-4310mee 1950Pentane,perfluoro- 9480Pentanol,2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluorocyclo- 16Pentanone,1,1,1,2,2,4,5,5,5-nonafluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)-3- 0.121Perfluorobut-1-ene 0.111Perfluorobut-2-ene 2Perfluorobuta-1,3-diene 0.00435Perfluorocyclopentene 2Perfluorodecalin(trans) 6980Perfluoroheptane 8680Perfluoropropene 0.0853PFC-9-1-18 7980PFPMIE 10800Propanal,3,3,3-trifluoro- 0.0131Propane,1-ethoxy-1,1,2,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro 74Propane,1-ethoxy-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoro- 28Propane,1,1,1-trifluoro-,HFC-263fb 92Propane,1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-,HFC-245cb 5300Propane,1,1,1,2,2,3-hexafluoro-,HFC-236cb 1440Propane,1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-,HFC-227ca 3080Propane,1,1,1,2,2,3,3-heptafluoro-3-(1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethoxy)- 7370Propane,1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoro-,HFC-245eb 352Propane,1,1,1,2,3,3-hexafluoro-,HFC-236ea 1600Propane,1,1,1,2,3,3,3-heptafluoro-,HFC-227ea 3860Propane,1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoro-,HFC-245fa 1030Propane,1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-,HCFC-236fa 9000Propane,1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-(difluoromethoxy) 3080Propane,1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)- 262Propane,1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-methoxy-(9CI) 17Propane,1,1,2,2-tetrafluoro-3-methoxy- 1Propane,1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoro-,HFC-245ca 863Propane,1,1,2,3,3-pentafluoro-,HFC-245ea 285Propane,1,3-dichloro-1,1,2,2,3-pentafluoro-,HCFC-225cb 633Propane,2,2-difluoro-,HFC-272ca 175Propane,3,3-dichloro-1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoro-,HCFC-225ca 155Propane,perfluoro- 9880Propane,perfluorocyclo- 10200Propanol,2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1- 16


Propanol,3,3,3-trifluoro-1- 0.474Propanol,pentafluoro-1- 23Sulfurhexafluoride 26100Tetrafluoroethylene 0.00353trans-1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene 1Trifluorobutanol 0.023Trifluoroethylacetate 2Trifluoromethylsulfurpentafluoride 19400Trifluoropropene,HFC-1243zf 0.181Vinylfluoride 0.0207VOC,volatileorganiccompounds 4.23Carbondioxide,biogenic 0Carbondioxide,inair 0Carbondioxide,inair,biogenic(100yr) -1Carbondioxide,landtransformation -1


AppendixB–Confidentialdata(ifany)

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