The Ecological Footprint Atlas - 2010 (Global Footprint Network)

8/7/2019 The Ecological Footprint Atlas - 2010 (Global Footprint Network)

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OCOBER,

GLOBAL FOOPRIN NEWORK

ECOLOGICAL FOOPRIN ALAS


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AUTHORS:

Bd Ewg

Dvd Me

Seve Gdfge

A Oe

Ade Reed

Mh Wkege

Dege:

N Pd

A Oe

Bd Ewg

Sggeed C:

Ewg B., D. Me, S. Gdfge, A. Oe, A. Reed, d M.

Wkege. 2010. Te Eg F A 2010. Okd: Gb

F Newk.

Te Ecological Footprint Atlas 2010bd ev ve he A

m 2008 d 2009.

Te deg emyed d he ee me he TeEg F A 2010 d my he exe y wheve he Gb F Newk e

gz eg he eg y y, ey, y,

e he, eg he dem e

bde.

F he m, ee :

Global Footprint Network

312 Cy See, Se 300

Okd, CA 94607-3510 USA

Phe: +1.510.839.8879

E-m: [email protected]

Webe: h://www.ewk.g

P O G F N,O, C, U S A.

x : G F N. A v. A - .


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Tableof ConTenTs

Foreword 5

Rethinking Wealth in a Resource-Constrained World /5

Te Role o Metrics /5

Seizing the Opportunity /6

National Footprint Accounts 8

Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity /8

History o the Ecological Footprint, Biocapacity, and the National Footprint Accounts /9

Linking the National Footprint Accounts with Ecosystem Services /10

Calculation Methodology: National Footprint Accounts 11

Ecological Footprint Assessment /11

Consumption, Production, and rade /12

Land Area ypes o the National Footprint Accounts /13

Cropland

Grazing land

Forest or timber and uelwood

Fishing ground

Built-up land

Forest or carbon dioxide uptake

Normalizing Bioproductive Areas From Hectares to Global Hectares /14

Methodology Updates between the 2008 and 2010 Edition of NationalFootprint Accounts 15

General Updates /15

Cropland Updates /15

Grazing Land/Livestock Updates /15Fishing Grounds Updates /16

Forest Land Updates /16

Carbon Uptake Land Updates /16

Land Cover Updates /16

Global Results from the National Footprint Accounts 18


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Te Global Context /18

Human Development and the Ecological Footprint /21

Factors in Determining Biocapacity and Ecological Footprint /23

Population

Afuence: Consumption Per Person

Technology: Resource and Waste Intensity

Ecological Footprint o Income Groups /26

Ecological Footprint by Land Use ype and Income Group /27

World Maps /32

Regional Results from the National Footprint Accounts 39

Arica /40

Asia /48

Europe /56

Latin America and the Carribean /64

North America /72

Oceania /80

Account emplates and Guidebook

What inormation is in the Guidebook? /88

Limitations of the Ecological Footprint Method 90

Limitations o Scope: What the Footprint Does Not Measure /90

Limitations o Current Methodology and Data: What the Footprint Does Not Measure Well /90

Potential Errors in Implementation /91

Interpreting the Footprint: What the Results Mean /92

Quality Assurance Procedures for Raw Data and Results 93Country-Specifc Adaptations o the National Footprint Accounts /93

Missing Data /93


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Standards and National Footprint Accounts Committees 94

Regular Review /94

Future Standardization Plans /94

Ecological Footprint Standards Committee /94

National Footprint Accounts Review Committee /94

Progress on the Research Agenda o Improe the National Footprint Accounts

Detailed Written Documentation /95

rade /95

Equivalence Factors /96

Nuclear Footprint /96

Carbon Footprint /96

Emissions rom Non-Fossil Fuels and Gas Flaring /96

Fisheries Yields /96

Constant Yield Calculations /96

Policy Linkages and Institutional Context /97

Research Collaborations 98

Freuently Asked Questions 100

Glossary 103

References 10

Sources for the National Footprint Accounts 110

Global Footprint Network Partner Organiations 111

Acknowledgements


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List of AbbreiationsBC B CO

C x

CLC CORINE L CvCOICOP C Iv C PCORINE C I EvDG ENV D G Ev E C

EC E CEE-MRIO Ev Ex M-R I-O (/)EEA E Ev AEF E FEF

CE F

EFE

E F xEF

IE F

EFP

E F EQF Eqv FEXIOPOL Ev A F U Ex D I-O

P AGAEZ G-A E Z

GDP G D PGFN G F NGNI G N IGAP G A PjHANPP H A N P PHDR H Dv RHDI H Dv IxHS Hz S C CIEA I E AIFPRI I F P R IIO I-O A (/)IPCC Iv P C CISEAL I S Ev A LLCA L C AMFA M F A/ANAMEA N A Mx Ev ANFA N F ANPP N P POECD O E C DvPIO P I-O PPR P P RSCP S C PSEEA S E Ev A

SIC S I CSNA S N AUN COMRADE U N UN FAO U N F A Oz YF Y


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Foreword

Rethinking Wealth in a Resource-ConstrainedWorld

Ae eyem eve w beme eve me

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h Eh eew. Oveh e me me, e

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evey, h veh w be e me wdey, mkg e

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I e he em hk wve e Obe 2008, m

em evey e e emeg he ee ed.

Te mve m e OECD e wee ed

deee eme deedee ee hgh

d eg eve. I dd, demd ee e

ee he ge eme, dg Ch, Id d Bz.

Ubed veh d hve dm eqee he

eme. Fhe degd he Eh y geee

ee, g m geehe ge d he

we, mke key hge, eve e, eyem.

B h h vdbe. Te gd ew h

eed w gb e. Whe he e me

debe me h he wh f my be meve

ddvge, he e e e. Ag ggevey w

meme be w ewd he ee

wh we ee , gee eey he e yh eb d bee g ke dvge

e eeed by dy hgg emy.

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dvg by deme he emy,

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me gb veh, veg ggeve by

e w beme eve me gf mevee

dve. Ce g hge e w be

eed he hege ek eveyhg wd.

Ree g heee v he e-ee

y y, e, y f g. I ge gwg ee y, he weh egy w be

defed em wh h eg e, d wh de .

Adjg eme d he e h ew em

h w ke me, mkg ge beg qky

be. Sege w eed be mey e

bee mge d e eg eeve whe mmzg

edg demd eyem eve Eg

F. Smg d g ehg v

d eve h me we-beg wh dg ee

w y key e h e. Ce, eg, e h

e be vde hgh qy e w F

w be ddvge ee-ed e.

Wh gf hge, e h deed exevey

eg ee m bd w beme y vebe

y h d, d g geehe g

em d we d. A he me me, e d e

wh e eg eeve be he w m eve ex ee w be meve dvge. T

hd e e d mme h BedZed he

UK d Md he UAE, whh ee m Eg

F, d e me key be be m eve mve

he we-beg he ede. F h e, Ed 2009

h mde g mve eg def.

Te hege deme h h

vee h be eed, b he e h

demd bd he de e-ee d

e. I e e em: Pey d we-beg w

be be wh eevg e he b egee d eve h emy, d e.

Te Role o Metrics

Wh wy mg he demd eg eve

he vbe y, ey y mke ge he he

veh, d em eged deg debe ve he

dby by. Ce me he hge hee

deg debe d bed em . T

w ed dedg wh he e k e, d e

bdg e ve he eeded dde hem.

Te Eg F w deveed ve 15 ye g

he vde j h me. Se h me, h beme

egy me d b wy g hm demd

e. B ev ye mee. Wh gwg

eg he ve h me d d by me

gveme d bee, h beme e h deveme

he Eg F eed be gfy eeed.

I 2003, Gb F Newk w ebhed dde h

eed. I dd mvg he ef g d ey

he Eg F mehdgy, h e NGO

wk me be emy by mkg eg me de-mkg. Te gz m e

hm we-beg by edg veh, deeg ee

eyem hey em b whe g vde

hmy wh ee eg eve. Gb F Newk

wk heve h m by dvg he Eg F

b wh xmey 100 e gz

h me he ewk. I de eeh, deve

mehdg dd, d vde de mke wh exeve


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6

ee he he hm emy ee wh he

Eh eg m. A he he h e e he N

F A, whh vde deed g eg

ee demd d y wh ve 1

m. Re he 2010 Ed he A e mmzed

h e, d me he m e exed. A y

w e, he 2010 A ee mbe mveme

med mkg he e me e. Sme he mveme

emeged m eeh b wh e md he wd. Ohe eded e ed by mj evew

he e m DG Evme he Ee Cmm

(2008) Pede Skzy Sgz Cmm (2009).

Gb F Newk d e e

bg b he h be emy. A he key

kehdeeey , e gee, eg

d meeed egge, hey wh e eve-

eg k hey m he eg eme.

Oe hg e: A beme e h f

, gd gvee w deed ee h

he Eg F mh deed G

Dme Pd (GDP) d he f .

I egy ee-ed wd, gveme

fdy eby kw hw mh eg y h

d hw mh g. Gb F Newk, heee,

wkg hve gveme ze he Eg

F me, d e d g d y

de e wh f d h GDP. Whe

h e e d he dm,

he g w be hevbe wh ve

by he be e, v ey d dem .

Teee, he Newk wkg wh hee ee we.

Use o the Footprint by National Governments

A e wkg wh gveme, Gb

F Newk ve he y bvey evew he

deyg d N F A y d

meee. T de dgee he ee h he F

e h y e vd d ebe, d ee

he eby d be he F mehdgy

. Te vefed e he be e by

he gveme wde vey e, dg :

Cee ehed dedg he y

Eg F d by. Sefy, h : Idey ee d deedee;

Regze ee e (e.g. e).

Exe y e :

Pe ee d evege

exg e;

Bg he emy e wh gb m,

dg g w-b e;

Fhe v h m mve qy

e whe edg deedee eg y.

Levege de e :

Cee g de ex by

bee dedg wh h eg eeve

d wh de , d wh he ed e;

Mmze d ze exe ee eed. Cee bee eg g d mg ge

wd g d be em deveme. Gde

veme e h bh ee e

ee, d ee y d meze.

Pvde memey me GDP h he ed

ew wy ggg hm ge d deveme.

Seizing the Opportunity

I ew e ee , ew e eeded

eg em e d eee. Te gd ew h

wh Eg F g, we w k mehgwe dd ee beehe exe whh we e vedwg

eg , d hw we e wy m ebg h

bdge. T m vde he eeve, ggeg

h eve wkg wh wh we hve w, we wh

by ee g-em we-beg ey. I dd,

e-fg eme d eg veme

e hve emed ybk. Sby de my

me b eyem, ee g-em evee em

ee ve, he wh he egh d mke

hge w ee e ee . I ,

we evee ed, mve ee eey mee,

ey ede m d bee mge eg

e ee yed, he demd w ge exeed y.

I we ed veh, ee by def de.

T he mege Gb F Newk mmed

mg. Te Eg F mme he hege

ee-ed wd. A he me me, ve

ee e d fge hemeve. Tey

e hemeve ge h ee d gz bh

ded d ve . Shwg hw h ge eve he

ee d e e-ee h y ee.

By eg ee ee ed wd, e

mke he gb mmy me ee e veh. Le ke dvge h dbe dvded.

Mh Wkege, PhD

Pede

Gb F Newk

Reved Obe 2010


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7


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National Footprint AccountsI ee ye, mh he d fe gb ee

h ed he dee -eewbe ee, h

eem. Hweve, egy evde h eewbe

ee, d he eyem eve hey vde, e ge

eve gee k (UNEP 2007, WRI 2007, UNDP 2008, UNEP

2007, Wd Bk 2000, Mem Eyem Aeme 2005).

Gb eme deed he bhee edy y he

b eqeme e: d, eegy, fbe, we k, d he

e- eve. Ay dee hee eve y

ky e hm demd hem gwg, whh

eee he e whh e e qded. O h

e, he by emege. Sby

me de. I bed he eg h whe ee e

med e h hey e eewed, we emed e

h hey e bbed, he ee e deeed d evey

exhed, d we e ge eqeeed d veed bk

ee egh eve m he bhee.

Te em ee eewbe ee dmey

bem, b be exeve mbe, eeywhe he bem gb e. Whe hmy eg

demd em ee m d we b

exeed wh e y, h eg veh

he ey we-beg. J e

be weke eee, eg veh ede

he e , me me vehd.

Te debe ve hw mke he hm eee be

h eeed e he wdey ed Bdd Re m

he UN Wd Cmm Evme d Deveme

w eeed ve w dede g (UN 1987). Te Cmm

defed be deveme h whh mee he eed he ee wh mmg he by e gee

mee he w eed (UN 1987). T def egzed

h he g ewdg ve ee he e eqe

h eyem be be y y he ee d

we b eve eey ey h.

F be deveme g m e ,

eed beme ef d be. Te by e

gee mee he w eed be dey meed

bee we kw hw my ee hee w be e

gee, d wh he eed w be. B me he deyg

d h m be me h deveme beme ey be efed. I be e gee e

be dmhed, he m dme d h we

ede, b he e, he eg weh he bhee.

Wh he d evey ve h, kg

he heh eg e be deveme.

Regde whehe he g m exg e,

ee h he e m e meed by he,

we eed b (Dez d Nemye

2007). Tee A m be be e bh hm demd

eg e, we he by hee e mee h

demd. We mke meg de b whee we eed

g bee we kw whee we d. J gveme

ey e g dme d (GDP) behmk gge

em eme, w gveme

gge he eg eme (Sgz Re, 2009). Te

N F A vde h g, wg de m demd d y eg e h

dey whe m hve bee geed. Te N F

A ze gb de mee he by d

Eg F 240 e, ee, d eg m

1961 2007. Re he N F A

me h 800,000 d h e ed zg me

h 50 m e d m dbe h UN

FAOSA, UN Cmde, d OECD Ie Eegy Agey.

Ecological Footprint and Biocapacity

Te Eg F mee he demd hm

vy he bhee. Me eey, mee hem bgy dve d d we e eqed

de he ee dvd, , vy

me, d bb he we hey geee, gve evg

ehgy d ee mgeme e. T e he

be med wh bg y (by), he m

dve e h vbe geee hee ee d

bb he we. I d we e vde me h e

hee eve y ed e, exggee he

m dve e y vbe. Ld d we e

ed dg bg dvy. T g mke

be me eyem wh deg bdvy d

dee e he wd he me , gb hee. A

gb hee eee hee wh wd vege dvy.

Eg F d by g bed

x dme m (Wkege 2002):

1. Te mjy he ee ee ve

me d he we hey geee be ked.

2. M hee ee d we w be meed

em he bgy dve e eey

m hem. Ree d we w h be

meed em bgy dve e e exded

m he eme, edg yem deeme he demd hee w e eyem.

3. By g eh e bdvy,

dee ye e be veed he mm

vege bdvy, he gb hee. T

ed exe bh F d by.

4. Bee gb hee demd eee e


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h exde y he e ked by he F, d

gb hee y ge ye eee he me m

bdvy, hey be mmed. gehe, hey eee

he ggege demd Eg F. I he me wy,

eh hee dve e be ed dg

bdvy d he dded e by.

5. A bh e exeed gb hee, hm demd (

meed by Eg F ) be dey

med gb, eg, , by.

6. Ae demded exeed he e vbe. I demd

eyem exeed h eyem

egeeve y, he eg e e beg

dmhed. F exme, ee emy demd

ee m e fhee e h hey

be eewed, b he eqee e me k

h eyem. Whe he hm demd exeed

vbe by, h eeed veh.

Eg F Ay k he egeeve y

eyem em h w ee.

A w ed m e me , e,

he mbe e dwd gw gve e ve

e-ye ed. A k he dg be ee

y ef me, e, he e dwd

vbe hve hee e he ed gve

ye. Te N F A e w he h

k, d h d ey whe veh w e he

dee med ee eyem.

Hmy g he egeeve y he Eh eh

yehe w eewhe he me me eg

he dg k ee h h bee bdg ve me

d mg we he evme. T e ede by hve ee he me e he e d

ed eg veh d be eyem e.

History o the Ecological Footprint, Biocapacity,and the National Footprint Accounts

Te Eg F e w eed by Mh Wkege

d Wm Ree he Uvey Bh Cmb he

ey 1990 (Wkege 1991, Ree 1992, Wkege 1994,

Ree 1996, Wkege d Ree 1996). Redg he-

e debe dg yg y (e.g., Medw

1972, Ehh 1982, ezz 1984, 1996, Bw d Ke 1994),

Eg F g w deged eee hm

m bg ee d gee we

em ed eyem e, whh d he be med

he bhee dve y gve ye. I g

y bdve e d ee eey exed d

we eey geeed, he mehd vded ed h

eme hm demd he bhee d he bhee

by mee he ef demd (Wkege e 1999).

Te F h bee ed wde vey wy. I

vde gb eeve he e exe eg

veh, we me zed eeve y d

eg ee e. Gb d hve bee

eed hede wdwde, d ve 100 e eg

hve eed he Eg F. I he Ued Se,

exme, Sm Cy, C F je me

Lghe U ed evey y he y j he

Cme Sve Ive he Ie C LEvme Ive (ICLEI) (Redefg Pge 2002).

A he eve, by 2003 We hd ded he Eg

F hede d by. Te Sw

gveme h ed he F he

be deveme . J de he F

mee Evme P. Amg NGO,

WWF Ie, e he wd m e

ev gz, e he Eg F

mm d y wk dvg ev

d by. WWF eey ebhed ge

bgg hmy veh by 2050, d vey

g h g hgh Oe Pe gm.

Cy-eve F eme hve bee meed

my e, wh me e yzed me me

de dee mehd (Wkege d Ree 1996, Bke

e . 1998, Fke 1998, Sm e . 2000, v Ve d

Smee 2000, Feg 2001, Hbe e . 2001, Leze d My

2001, 2003, MDd d Pe 2004, Med e . 2004,

Bg e . 2005, Medved 2006, Vee d beh 2007,

Wd Wde Fd Ne, Gb F Newk, d

Zg Sey Ld 2006). Se UN gee e

d bh d e d dve he ddz

h eg he wd, d hee d e m he b he N F A, y-eve

e me dey mbe h eme he e. F

e, y y-eve yemy dme

d, m, d ex. Teee, he Eg

F e eve he b he F ye .

Wh gwg mbe gveme gee, gz d

mme dg he Eg F e d

be ee e, d he mbe Eg F

e d he wd eg, dee he

dg F de d ed gme

d dvegee he mehdgy. T wd ede heby he F de e d mbe

e , d d geee .

Te ve he F by me deed

y he ef egy he mehdgy, b

e h mehdgy ye. I

deed e ye beg mmed me h

de d meee fdg. dde hee eed,


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Gb F Newk ed e, mmee-bed

e gg ef evew he mehdgy, d

he deveme dd gveg F .

Te N F A Revew Cmmee

mveme he ef b he N

F A. Te Eg F Sdd Cmmee,

med eeeve m Gb F Newk Pe

Ogz d eeeg dem, gveme, NGO,

d g fm, ed he Ecological Footprint Standards 2009(Gb F Newk, 2009). Te Sdd bd he

Ecological Footprint Standards 2006d e deged ee h

F eme e ded ey d dg

mmy-ed be e. Tey m ee h

eme e ded d mmed wy h

e d e, by vdg dd d gdee

h e e e d, dev ve

, ebhme dy bde, d mm

fdg. Te Sdd e be F de,

dg b- , d, d gz.

Linking the National Footprint Accounts withEcosystem Services

T , v, v.V v z v v v. O j ME A, z v: () v (.. ,

, , , .), () (.. , , , , .), () (.. , ,, , .) (MA ). I x, E F - vv v.Ex v q N F

A v , , , x .

T E E Bv (EEB)

j v v v v -. TEEB v v x ,, v, v v -: () , () , () , () v, () v (EEB ).

A z v v S I Ev E

A (SEEA). T SEEA z v : () v, , ; ()x v v ;() v v v ; ()

v ( , q) (SEEA ).

H - q, , v v v . T v vv v- v v -. T NF A q v v, , , .L x x N F

A v v.

EcosystemS

ervices

Human well-beingSecurity, material needs, health, social relations, etc.

BiodiversitySpecies richness, species rarity, biomass density, primary productivity, and genetic diversity

ProvisioningFood, ber, timber,

medicines, water, air, etc.

RegulatingClimate, ood protection, etc.

CulturalEcotourism, spiritual, ethics, etc.

SupportingHabitat provision,

ecosystem processes, etc.


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Calculation Methodology: NationalFootprint AccountsTe N F A k e e eg

eve d ee we he by vbe eh

y. A wh y ee , hey e , qve

de me, y gve ye he whh

d ex. Te deed mehdgy he m

ded A e debed Calculation Methodology forthe National Footprint Accounts, 2010 Edition (Ewg e . 2010).

Te meme he N F A hgh

dbe-ed eme debed he Guidebook to

the National Footprint Accounts 2010(Kze e . 2010).

Te N F A m :

Pvde efy b d e

he demd ed by dee

he egeeve y he bhee;

Bd ebe d e mehd h

w e m

demd gb egeeve y;

Pde m m h e deveg

e d ege vg wh bhy m; d

Geee e de h be ed he b

b- Eg F ye, h

he ve, e, bee, d.

Te N F A, 2010 Ed e he

Eg F d by 240 e, ee,

d eg, m 1961 2007. O hee 240 e,

ee, d eg, 153 wee veed ey by he UN

yem d he e de. D he ee, ee, d eg e ded h e.

Ecological Footprint Assessment

Te N F A, 2010 Ed k hm demd

eg eve em x mj d e ye (d,

gzg d, e d, b F, fhg gd, d b-

d). Wh he exe b- d d e b

dxde ke, he Eg F eh mj d e ye

ed by mmg he b vey ef

d. B- d ee he bdvy mmed by

e d hydwe. Fe d b dxde ke

eee he we b wd vege hee eeeded bb hm ded b dxde em, e

hvg deed he e eqe y.

Te Eg F e he mbed demd

eg ee wheeve hey e ed d ee hem

he gb vege e eeded ef hm vy.

T qy exeed gb hee, defed

hee bdve e wh wd vege bdvy. By

exeg e mm , by d F

be dey med d e ye d e.

Demd ee d d we m e

ed gb hee by dvdg he m

ee med by he yed e hee, dvdg he

we emed by he bve y e hee. Yed e

ed bed v e , my he

m he Ued N Fd d Age Ogz

(FAO ReeSA S Dbe). Yed e myexve: I w e gw he me me he me

hee, e he hee ged e , d he

emde he he. T vd dbe g. T w

he me g meg he ze m: Eh hee y

ed e, eve hgh mgh vde me eve.

Te Eg F, m b m,

ed by he wg eq:

YEF

ANNUAL

=DANNUAL

whee D he demd d d Y he yed

he me d. Yed exeed gb hee. Te wy

gb hee e ed exed me de bew e

he v e ye e ded. B eee, gb hee

e emed wh he he w : he yed (h

me vege yed e hee wd vege yed

he me d egy) d he eqvee (whh e he

eve dvy mg he v d d e e ye).

Teee, he m he Eg F beme:

EQFYF

Y

PEF

N

=

whee P he m d hveed we emed (eq

DANNUAL

bve), YN he vege yed P, d YF

d EQF e he yed d eqvee , eevey,

he y d d e ye qe. Te yed

he - wd-vege yed. I ed he

vby be d d ve by y d ye.

Eqvee e he e ed demded

ef d e ye (e.g. wd vege d, gzg d, e.) wd vege bgy dve e: gb hee

d ve by d e ye d ye.

A demd med devve d (e.g.

wd ), veed my d eqve

(e.g. whe dwd) hgh he e ex e.

Tee qe my d eqve e he ed

Eg F. Te Eg F

embde he eegy eqed he mg e.


14/113

Consumption, Production, and rade

Te N F A e he F

m mbe eeve. M mmy eed

he Eg F m , yy

j ed Eg F. Te Eg F

m gve y mee he by demded

by he f m he ede he y. T

de he hehd m we he eve

m, h h, d, fe bgde, e., whh eve

he hehd, b my be dey d by he hehd.

I , y my d Eg F

he m he F ee hveed d we

geeed wh he y gegh bde. T de

he e wh y eey g he

hve my d (d, gzg d, e d,

d fhg gd), he y e d hydwe

(b- d), d he e eeded bb e b

dxde em geeed wh he y (b F).

Te deee bewee he d d m F

de, hw by he wg eq:

EF =

CEF

PEF

I EF

E

whee EFC

he Eg F m, EFP

he Eg F d, d EFId EF

Ee he

F med d exed mmdy w, eevey.

I de mee he F m d ex, e

eed kw bh he m ded we he embded

ee (dg b dxde em) ege.

Te embded F meed he mbe gb

hee eqed mke e e ye gve d.

EF = EF + EF - EFC P I E

Global biocapacity

(direct and indirect demand)

Exports Imports

Economic System

Production

(Harvest)

CO2 Uptake

(Emissions)

Domestic Biocapacity

(direct demand)

Global Biocapacity

(indirect demand)

Consumption

Te N F A, 2010 Ed k he

embded Eg F ve 700 ege

ded , e, vek, d fh d. Te embded

b dxde em 625 ege d ed

wh de w m he Ued N COMRADE

dbe (UN Cmmdy de S Dbe 2007)

e he embded b F ded gd.

Tgh he N F A, he embded

F de ed mg wd vege Fee d. Ug wd-vege eee

ded gd veeme he F ex

e wh hghe-h-vege d eey. I ,

deeme h y F m. F

e wh bew-vege m eee edy

d, he e e: A deeme he embded

F ex yed exggeed F m.

Te F ey y my d by

def he me ywhee he wd e exeed

gb hee. Hweve, he embded F

edy d w deed m eee(ex e), d hee vy bewee e.

B A

A by wh he m

bdve d vbe. Bdve ee d d we

h gf hyhe vy d m

bm, gg be e w, deed dvy.

T y h e h he Sh Dee, A,

Ae m d e; he d my

wdeed be dey hvebe by hm. By

ggeged mee he m d vbe, weghed

by he dvy h d. I eee he by hebhee de , vek (e), mbe d

(e), d fh, we ke b dxde e. I

de hw mh h egeeve y ed by

e (b- d). I h, mee he by

vbe ee d q e vde eg eve.

A y by y d e ye ed

EQFYFABC =

whee BC he by, A he e vbe gve d

e ye, d YF d EQF e he yed d eqvee ,eevey, he y d e ye qe. Te yed

he wd vege yed. I ed

he vby be d d ve by y

d ye. Eqvee e he e ed demded

ef d e ye (e.g. wd vege d, gzg d,

e.) wd vege bgy dve e (gb

hee) d ve by d e ye d ye.


15/113

Land Area ypes o the National FootprintAccounts

Te N F A de x m d e

ye: d, gzg d, fhg gd, e

mbe d ewd, e b dxde ke,

d b- d. F d e ye hee demd

he e, we y h e.

I 2007, he e bgy dve d d we Eh w xmey 11.9 b hee. Wd by

11.9 b gb hee, e he mbe

vege hee eq he mbe hee. B he

eve e eh d ye exeed gb hee de

m he db hee hw Fge 1.

I 2007, he wd hd 3.9 b gb hee d

by med 1.6 b hee d e

(Fge 1). T deee de he evey hgh dvy

d med he d e ye. T g

e d yy e he m be d dve d

e, e hey hve bee bzed. T, d d me

bgy dve eve hm h he me hy e

he d e ye.

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

Global hectaresHectares

Area(millions)

Built-up Land

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

Figure 1. Relative Area of Land Use Types Worldwide

in Global Hectares and Hectares, 2007

Cropland

Cd he m bdve he d e ye

d e ed de d d fbe

hm m, eed vek, , d bbe.

Wdwde 2007 hee wee 1.6 b hee deged

d (FAO ReeSA S Dbe 2007); he

N F A e he d F

dg he d qe 164 dee

ege. Cd F d ke

he exe whh mg ehqe be

g e e g-em degd .

Grazing land

Gby 2007, hee wee 3.4 b hee d fed

gzg d. Gzg d ed e vek me, dy,

hde, d w d. Te gzg d F ed

by mg he m vek eed vbe y

wh he m eed eqed he vek ded

h ye, wh he emde eed demd med me

m gzg d. Se he yed gzg d eee he

m bve-gd my d vbe ye,

veh hyy be ve exeded ed

me h d e ye. F h e, y gzg

d F d ed by.

Forest or timber and uelwood

Te e F ed bed he m mbe,

, mbe d, d ewd med by y

yey b. FAO ReeSA e he e wd

e 3.9 b hee (FAO ReeSA S

Dbe 2007). Eme mbe dvy e deved m

he UNEC d FAO emee d Be Fe Ree

Aeme, he FAO Gb Fbe Sy Mde d he

Iegveme Pe Cme Chge (UNEC, 2000, FAO

2000, FAO 1998, IPCC 2006), d gve wd vege yed

1.81 m3 hvebe debk e hee e ye. Tee e

vde m ye, vege, mbe

yed, d e eed d emy ebe e.

Fishing ground

Te fhg gd F ed g eme he

mxmm be h vey fh ee (Gd

1971). Te be h eme e veed

eqve m my d bed he v ee

h eve. T eme mxmm hvebe my

d he dvded mg he e he e

he wd. Gby, hee wee 2.4 b hee e

he d 433 m hee d we e 2007 (Wd

Ree Ie d FAO ReeSA S Dbe

2007). Te fhg gd F ed bed he

emed my d eqed he fh gh.

T my d eqeme (PPR) ed m

he vege h eve he ee qe. Fh h eed

hghe he d h ( hghe h eve) eqe me

my d d h e ed wh hghe

F m. Te N F A

de my d eqeme eme 1,439

dee me ee d me h 268 ehwe ee.

Built-up land

Te b- d F ed bed he e dveed by hm e , hg, d

e, d eev hydwe. B- d ed

167 m hee d wdwde 2007, dg ee

mgg d eeh d e (FAO 2005 d IIASA Gb Ag-

Eg Ze 2000). I med h b- d e

wh w evy d. T m bed he hey

h hm eeme e geey ed hghy ee e.

F k d he ye d ded, hydee

dm e med d d wh gb vege dvy.


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Forest or carbon dioxide uptake

Cb dxde em, my m bg e, e he

y we d ded he N F A. O

he demd de, he b F ed he m

e d eqed bb gve b em. I he

ge hmy e F me e

hgh, m b he ve F.

Te f e g he b F m hemhe em b dxde m bg e,

d e hge (dee, exme), d em m

he e ege d egh. T

he m hge em b dxde eeed

he gb mhee gve ye. Sed, e bg

he m b dxde bbed by he wd e eh

ye m he hge , he emg b dxde

ed he m bdve e h wd be

eeded e h ye. Se mbe hve ed eee

he ked b, g e d b ke d g

mbe e-wd v e deed be my

exve ve (ee e e mbe d ewd).

Normalizing Bioproductive Areas FromHectares to Global Hectares

Eg F e e exeed ge meeme ,

he gb hee. heve h, Eg F g

e dee ye e dvy deee

mg d d we e ye. Eqvee d yed

e ed ve e dee d e ye (

hee) he gb hee eqve. Eqvee d yed

e ed bh F d by .

Yed deee dvy gve de ye bewee y d he gb vege h e ye.

A hee gzg d New Zed, exme, de

me g vege h wd vege gzg d hee.

Iveey, hee gzg d Jd de e. Hee,

he New Zed hee ey be g me

me d h he gb vege hee gzg d.

Tee deee e dve by , h e

qy, we by mgeme e. hee

deee, he yed me he d ef d

e ye y wd vege hee he me d e

ye. Eh y d eh ye h w e yed . F

exme, be 1 hw h New Zed gzg d vege2.5 me dve wd vege gzg d. Te yed

b- d med be eq h d e b

e e yy b e he m dve d e.

2.6

World Average

Yield

0.9

3.0

0.0

0.8

0.7

1.00.0

Fishing

Grounds

0.3

2.2

1.1

1.3

1.1

0.70.2

Cropland

1.0 1.0

Forest

4.1

1.4

1.5

2.00.2

0.4

1.0

2.2

1.9

2.2

0.4

2.51.5

Grazing

Land

0.7

1.0

Japan

New Zealand

Hungary

Jordan

Germany

Algeria

Zambia

Table 1: Sme Yed F Seeed Ce, 2007.

Eqvee e ef d e ye (.e. wd

vege d, e, e, fhg gd) ve

bgy dve e, gb hee. I 2007,

exme, d hd eqvee 2.51 (be 2),

dg h wd-vege d dvy w me h

dbe he vege dvy d mbed. T me

ye, gzg d hd eqvee 0.46, hwg h

gzg d w, vege, h dve he wd-vege

bdve hee. Te eqvee b- d

e eq h d. Eqvee e ed

evey ye, d e de evey y gve ye.

Marine & Inland Water

Grazing Land

Built-up Land

1.26

0.46

0.372.51

Forest

Area Type Equivalence Factor

[global hectares per hectare]

Cropland 2.51

Table 2: Eqvee F, 2007.


17/113

Methodology Updates between the2008 and 2010 Edition of NationalFootprint Accounts

A m e e e mveme he

N F A (NFA) mehdgy. Cded by

Gb F Newk, h e ed by e

d by he N F A Cmmee, we he

kehde.

Tee hve bee hee my mv ev he

mehd he N F A: (1) d

hge he gz he e d, (2) ed

e ed de evew (e.g. Sgz Cmm, Ee

Cmm e, e.), d (3) ee he efy d

y he NFA . My he hge he e

egy g y ef m

deemg he F ee ded gd.

T e debe eh he mehd hge

memeed e he 2010 Ed he N F

A.

General Updates

Se he eee he 2008 NFA, hee hve bee b

ev me he FAO de he NFA ey . F exme,

he d f hve hged, d me e he

exeded HS de ed evy hve bee eed eey by he

FAO w yem mmdy f.

I my he de ed e he NFA Begm d

Lxembg e eed ggege m he me ee,

d e y eed eey e 2000. I ed, we hve

ed he 2000 ve he w e dg he hge he mbed F d by xme me

ee eh 2000. I he 2009 d 2010 Ed he

NFA we hve he eed d d de m he

w d whee Begm d Lxembg e eed ggege,

g he he qe he ee ye whee he w e

eed eey. T bby me e, e he

eh d eed by he he d he me

d e egy.

I he NFA 2010, e d eg ghm w memeed

ede (1) ke d gh d (2) e eg

e d e. Te ghm vved e f dg d exde d h e he exeed d

ge.

Cropland Updates

Te d d d de hve bee hged

mh hge he ege eed FAOSA.

Pevy, he FAO deSA dbe eed he m de

d d d hme. Fd d d, vek, d fh

w eed eey m he de, eeg he dd

eve wkhee exy e he embded F

d d w. Se d d qe e eed y

ggege ege, he m eh y dme

d ed deeme he ey d d ex.

I he NFA 2008, wd vege -hveed eege w

ed eh y m qy. T me

hveed wee dded ve x med. T ed eh y d F d

eey eqg d by hd,

we gh mmh bewee d, de qe d

m.

I he NFA 2010, y ef -hveed d eege

h bee ed, d ed he yed ,

mdfe he eeve yed. Sefy, he m he d e

hveed eh em he FAO d be (eed e em wh

d) w bed m he e eh d e ye

eed by he FAO. T ed gby e F/

d, e wh d he d eye, whe mg he h eh y d

EF eq BC. Te ee h ge -hveed

e eege e we by he h hghe

EF.

Grazing Land/Livestock Updates

Te bgge hge he gzg d d vek e he

mdf ex ee ee y dme

eed mx. Pevy, ded vek d wee med

embdy wd vege d d gzg d demd. I he

2009 Ed he NFA, hee ee e mdfed dg

dme mx d ey eed eme y ef

F ey vek. Te ex ey vek

d vek d he ed he weghed vege

d d m ee. T me h e

e me he vek h med, d ex d

deved m hee m - ed m beg

med wh he y (e.g. ge). Idey m wd

be y ef we, b ye e ed my.

Tee hve bee eve me hge:

Te vek whh eed demd ed h

bee exded, vdg me meheve e eh y vek d eed ey.

I he 2009 ed, he eed ey vek d

wee deed be he wegh eed eqed he wegh

d. Tee wee bed m bhed d

e. F he 2010 ed, eed ee wee ed

by g he eed ke eqeme d e

dee vek m. Tee eed ee m wee

he ed he d h me m he m.


18/113

6

Te ggege m ed deeme ede eed

vby e w exy ed m d

qe eh ggege egy e d.

T eme me e dbe-g.

A ve bewee we d dy wegh ed g

eed h bee emved e evew eed yed he

PdSA dbe ded h h ve eey.

I wh g h he emv he Ohe Wded Ldegy debed bew e he gzg d F by

edg my e gzg d F d.

T de he h he e mehd de

w EF gzg exeed by he F

ghm (mg h h hyy be).

I he NFA 2010, hee dd ev

wee mde he A:

Ex vek eed mmde de

fh d he m d ed vek;

I vek d fh d d hme; d

Rev he vek ve wegh

d eed eqeme h e ed e

he F de de mmh bewee

eed d eed eqeme.

Fishing Grounds Updates

Te FAO FhSA dbe de e de fh

mmde 1976. I he NFA 2008, de fh

mmde 1976 w my med. I he 2009

Ed he NFA, we hve ed COMRADE d exe

hee de w bk he me ee (1961).

Te fh ee deed he F

d h gw mewh, he mbe

eed ee h gw, d eme vege

h eve hve bee eed me ee.

Te ex yed eh fh mmdy ed he

weghed vege dme h d m. Te h

ey eh mmdy w bed he eeve

h eve y h eve ee, he

h gb bed he h eve dvd

ee. Te m eeve h eve h bee

eved ee he exe e bewee fh h

eve d F ee (ee gdebk de).

I he NFA 2010, fhme d fh d d de, d

qe, wee ded d he fh mmdy ex e

wee eved de ee-ef ex e ee.

Forest Land Updates

Te e eme (NAI) w efed

he 2009 Ed he N F A. Refeme

ded g whee be, eg he h gb vege

e whee ex NAI eme e kg. Te gb

vege NAI w ed m fge, he h

beg eed deedey. T h bgh gee ey

bewee e e by d F eme.

Carbon Uptake Land Updates

I he NFA 2010, hee wee fve b ev

he b F :

Ue CO2 ey my eegy y,

he h y he d eey gee;

C y-ef CO2 ee eegy

y, weghed vege d d m;

I eey de g IEA d;

A e em (bke

e) dg eh y m

gb de m ( he 2009 ed h

w x ed eh y d); d

C embded eegy ve he 625

UN COMRADE mmde wee emed g

d mhe Uvey Bh Ivey Cb

d Eegy, Tmk 2002, Iee Vkge

Eege e Mekde Eegy Ay Pgm

1999, EAP, d e d m SEI-Yk.

I he NFA 2009, hee wee w m djme he

b F : he CO2 ey me ee

em h bee med by wg he % hge

he m ey eed e, d he ded

mmde w mewh me meheve.

Iee Te Pmy Eegy Sy 1971

hve bee eed, g he hge ey he

dvd e h d hve h d vbe

xy he hge gb ey. Te ghm ed

he 2010 w h: eh y mg mee

me ee, we k he 3 m ey eed e (

em % hge he he me ee h veed)

d ed he vege % hge hee exe bk.

ded gd whh e eed he h m

(e.g. mbe vme) e w ded he embded

b m d ex , e hee em

ded m y vded edy mee.

Land Cover Updates

I he NFA 2010, CORINE Ld Cve 2006 w ded d

he CORINE Ld Cve d NFA edee w eved.

I he NFA 2009, he wg ev wee mde:

F Ee e, he 2008 Ed he NFA ed


19/113

7

he CLC 2000 de e de v d ve.

I he 2009 Ed, CLC d 1990 h bee dded,

wh e eed bewee 1990 d 2000. F ye

de h ge, he hge e eed he FAO

d h bee ed e he CLC eed e.

Te eqvee h bee mved ghy.

I ev ed, he eqvee hed by

bewee 1991 d 1992, my de deee v

d ve e eed by he USSR d he eed byme Sve e. dde h, he 1991 USSR e

hve bee ed mh he ggege e eed by

me Sve e 1992. Te ee hge eed

USSR e he ed he USSR 1991 eme ee

e me ee. I dd, he db GAEZ

by de he USSR w ed, bed he

db eed he me Sve Reb. T ed

gee e- ey he eqvee .

Te d ve egy Ohe Wded Ld, evyded begy gzg d, h bee emved.

T egy ge eed y vbe FAO de,

d e me e e be dbe g

e edy eed he FAO d e ege.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5 National Footprint Accounts 2010National Footprint Accounts 2009

EcologicalFootprint(innumberofofEarths)

2005200019951990198519801975197019651960

Figure 2. Comparison of global results


20/113

Global Results from the NationalFootprint Accounts

Te Global Context

N ee weh d me m e evey

dbed wdwde. Sme e d eg hve e

demd he e gee h he eeve by, whe

he e e h he vbe y. Hmy whe,

hweve, vg wh he me he e. I 2007,

hmy Eg F wdwde w 18.0 b

gb hee (gh); wh wd 6.7 b ee,

he vege e F w 2.7 gb hee. B hee wee

y 11.9 b gh by vbe h ye, 1.8 gh

e e. T veh xmey 50 ee me h

2007 hmy ed he eqve 1.5 Eh

m (Fge 3). I k he Eh xmey ye d

x mh egeee he ee ed by hmy h ye.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

Fi ure 3. Humanit s Ecolo ical Foot rint 1961-2007EcologicalFootprint(numberofEarths)

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Grounds

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

World biocapacity

I 1961, he f ye whh N F A evbe, hmy F w b h wh he Eh d

yhmy w vg he e eg ee,

dwg dw . Hm demd f exeeded he

e by mee h demd d he 1970 d 1980,

d h e veh h hezed evey ye e.

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

BiocapacityFootprint

GlobalHectares(millions)

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Grounds

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

Figure 4. Total Ecological Footprint and biocapacity by land type, 2007

Fge 4 me Eg F d by by d e

ye he wd. F me he h b F,

whee eg F exeed by, he e def

mde by deeg w eyem ee k, bymg ee m eewhee. A eve, h e

e vbe e wh ewe f ee.

H he gb F w bbe j 10 e

2007 (Fge 5), wh he Ued Se Ame d Ch e

eh eevey g 21 d 24 ee he Eh by.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 5. Humanitys Ecological Footprint by country, 1961-2007

EcologicalFootprin

t(numberofEarths)

United States of America

China

India

Russia

Japan

Brazil

Germany

Mexico

France

United Kingdom

Other

World biocapacity

Fge 6 bew hw he 10 e em

vbe by. Bz h he m by y

y, wed deeg de by Ch, Ued Se

Ame, R Fede, Id, Cd, A,

Ide, Age, d Bv. H he wd by

d wh he bde j egh e.

Other (39.4%)

Brazil (14.4%)

China (11.0%)

United States (10.0%)

Russian Federation (6.9%)

India (5.0%)

Canada (4.1%)

Australia (2.6%)

Indonesia (2.6%)

Argentina (2.5%)

France (1.6%)

Figure 6: By 10 Ce, 2007


21/113


22/113


23/113

Human Development and the EcologicalFootprint

My w-me e hve bde ee,

ye he e e f d m gy whe

hmy demd he bhee exeed wh he bhee

eewby vde. Ce A, L Ame, d Sh

E A hve me he we e e Eg F

he wd-- my e he w be ee m hee

Eg F m mee b eed d, hee,heh, d . F hee eg ede vey, hge,

d dee, he e ee m ee. Ye he

gwg d he e he wd eg ee

m e mkg h egy d mge

be me. I w-me e e mke dve

hm deveme h e, hey w eed fd he

h wk wh he Eh eg bdge.

Whe zg mdee je UN gee 2050, bed

w gwh d gh mveme ee de,

hm demd wd be we wh Eh d vde. Mvg

eegy yem wy m deedy e, eevgbdve e, d eg dve e wd g

g wy edg h demd, b eve m e e

e bg demd wh he bg y

he Eh. Teee, eyg gwg eve m

be we-beg e, eey gve he

eg gb . Whe ehg mveme

ey he eve he ed he evme, g

mee ee ed mveme he e de

eee gd g. We, he med eg deb m

dede eg veedg key deeg he

bhee egeeve y he me me we e eg

demd . Rezg he gh deve e, whh

he e deyg h b, eqe g

ew deveme hwy h e mh e he gb

evme h hve hy bee he e.

Te hege ehg hgh eve hm we-beg whe

eg g-em ee vby ed he gh

bew. Te Ued N Deveme Pgmme (UNDP) defe

hgh eve deveme HDI e 0.8 bve, whe

1.8 gb hee he vege dve e vbe ehe he e. Ce wh HDI e 0.8 hghe,

d F 1.8 gb hee e e we, mee w

mmm e gb be deveme: hgh eve

deveme d Eg F e e h d be

gby eed eve e h gb by. Ay e

h mee bh e e hw he we gh qd. Dee

gwg d be deveme ex y

g, e d mee bh mmm d.

Te we-beg hm ey ey ked he bg

whh deed. Ag he bg y

vbe , d ed by, ey he dey e dhege meeg hm deveme g. Te hm

we-beg de eg degd e me e gf

me dey, d d evee e he k ee h

bee gfy deeed. Sh-em mehd mve hm

ve h we f, b mede, d eey

h m be memeed by eeve g-em ee

mgeme de dde d evee hmy mve

eg degd.

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

World average biocapacity per person in 2007

World average biocapacity per person in 1961(This must also include the needs of wild species)

UNDPthresholdforhighhumandevelopment

High human developmentwithin the Earths limits

2

4

6

8

10

12

E

cologicalFootprint(globalhectaresperp

erson)

United Nations Human Development Index

African countries

Asian countries

Latin American and Caribbean countries

European countries

North American countries

Oceanian countries

Figure 9: Hm Deveme Idex d Eg F , 2007


24/113

Eg ee w y e he e e

ede vey, hge, d dee he e. Gb F

Newk Hm Deveme Ive m dde he

qe: Hw edg hm deveme be heved, gve

wd eg ee ?

I e exe he we h qe, Gb F

Newk be wh wde ge e e

hgh L Ame, A d Sh E A. I 2006

Gb F Newk d he Sw Agey Devemed Ce (SDC) bhed he A Eg F

A; dme exmg d hm we-beg d

eg heh 34 b-Sh A e. T dme

eved he b d wkh Seeg, Sh

A, d Key, whee d eg evme ede

gheed d he m ee

deveme A. A 2008 e A: Eg F

d We-beg w beqey bhed e he de

geeed he wkh, whe hghghg e dy exme

hw e hve heved dve hm deveme

wh he y eg m. I 2008, Gb F

Newk wked gehe wh Cmed Ie meme

evme-be g gmme 200 eme edy

h gde he Zmb. Reey, he 2006 A A

w eved beme he 2009 A F Fbk. T ew

ed ded eeve ee exe eh

he e eed.

I Id, Gb F Newk eed wh he Gee

Be Cee he Cede Id Idy (CII) d he

Wd Wde Fd Ne - Id (WWF-Id) bh Id

Eg F; A Be Peeve 2008. T e

exmed Id Eg F d by he ex

Id dy gwg d e. I hghghed bee ef de, gh Id eg

hege.

O he L Ame e, Gb F Newk h

b g eh wh he Cmmy Ade N

(CAN) beg dg he gwg gfe by

eve deveg e. T eh h yeded he

b w m dme; he He Eg y

Bdd e Cmdd Ad, whh ee he Eg

F d by d he CAN membe ,

Ed, Pe, Bv, d Cmb d Te Eg Pwe

N: Te Eh By ew mewk ee.

I he e, Gb F Newk Hm Deveme

Ive w e exe hw he Eg F

be ed mke be veme hm

deveme. By wkg de-by-de wh gveme, ,

d v, we w wk bee ded hw vde

ee hm we-beg whe eevg, d eve eehg,

he wd .

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

0

2

4

6

8

10

12




High human development

within the Earths limits

2

4

6

8

10

12

Ecolo

gicalFootprint(globalhectaresper

person)


African countries

Asian countries


European countries


Oceanian countries

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

0

2

4

6

8

10

12



(This must also include the needs of wild species)UNDPthresholdforhighhumandevelopment



2

4

6

8

10

12

Ecolo

gicalFootprint(gl

obalhectaresper

person)


African countries

Asian countries


European countries


Oceanian countries

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8

0

2

4

6

8

10

12






2

4

6

8

10

12

Ecolo

gicalFootprint(globalhectaresper

person)


African countries

Asian countries


European countries


Oceanian countries

0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

0

2

4

6

8

10

12



(This must also include the needs of wild species)UNDPthresholdforhighhumandevelopment



2

4

6

8

10

12

Ecolo

gicalFoo

tprint(globalhectaresper

person)


African countries

Asian countries


European countries


Oceanian countries

Figure 9a: Hm Deveme Idex d Eg F , 1980

Figure 9b: Hm Deveme Idex d Eg F , 1990

Figure 9c: Hm Deveme Idex d Eg F , 2000

Figure 9d: Hm Deveme Idex d Eg F , 2007


25/113

Factors in Determining Biocapacity andEcological Footprint

By deemed by w : e bgy

dve d we d he dvy h e,

meed by hw mh yed e hee. Se 1961, he

e d hveed de he m eve -- ee

-- h emed evey , whe he yed e hee

h me h dbed. I ee ye, hweve, he e d

de v h bee eg dy, d hmy zg egy ge e d ge ee

d eve ge -- evg e d dbed.

Ce d mgeme ee h bdve e d

deee de hge ee dg

bz, dee, e, , d deef.

Yed e be eed hgh ehgy, b v

eed be mged y vd hmg hm

eg heh. Mehzed ge eqme, geey

egeeed eed, g, eze, d ede ee

he yed bgy dve d. Hweve, my hee

ehg me he exee ge EgF de dd eegy d ee . Tee

ehge my deee by e ye by

eg , edg we vby, deeg

bg dvey, eg he degd dg e.

I 1971, P R. Ehh d Jh P. Hde eeed em

wk h demed he hge dvg e

hee vbe: P, Aee,

d ehgy (Ehh & Hde, 1971). T mde me

be kw he IPA mde (Evme Im = P

* Aee * ehgy), d em e mewk

exmg evme m. Ahgh hee e

key be mg he g , mde ee y y

ee ee d my em m gwh. Teee, emg vd h

ee dee, y mvg ehgy med.

Te dvg e behd hge he Eg F be

deved m he IPA mde, wh fve eg

he degee gb veh y eg def.

Eg F deemed by hee : P,

m e e, d ee d we ey.

Area x Bioproductivity =Biocapacity

(CAPACITY)

Gap between

supply and

demand:

OVERSHOOT

Resource and

waste intensity=

Ecological

Footprint

(DEMAND)

PopulationConsumption

per personx

Figure 10. Footprint and biocapacity factors that determine global overshoot

1.8 global hectares per person(2007 global biocapacity)

2.7 global hectares per person(2007 global Footprint)

x


26/113

Population

P, e he Eg F my

dvg , y deve e he eve hm

deveme wh y eg. Ahgh y

e he deemg he Eg F, he

exe gwh gb y dy

ge e hmy Eg F.

Whe degdg gwh, hm hve mde gfge by eg he wd vege eve hm deveme

m 0.65 0.73 bewee 1980 d 2007, wh eg he

wd vege Eg F e e. Hweve, ve h

ed he Eg F h eed by 46 ee.

P gwh e vy wdey me, geghy,

d e, d dedg hee deyg ed key

deemg he e evme demd. I w-

me e, hee h bee 113 ee ee

e 1980. I , mdde-me e

hve hd 63 ee ee dg h me

me ed; hgh-me e hve eed y 24

ee . Te ymd bew hw

e w, mdde, d hgh-me e.

Hy, ee hve eded ge m yg

wh w e exey (hezed by ymd wh

wde be d w ek) de wh hghe eexey (hezed by -hevy ymd), de

med d hge. I be exeed h he eg

wh yg dy w deg d gwh

d eqe mve ee he Eg F.

AgeGrou

p

1987

2007

2

027

High IncomeMiddle IncomeLow Income

Percent of Population

Figure 11: P ymd hwg e by me g, 1987, 2007, 2027


27/113


28/113

6

Ecological Footprint o Income Groups

A gb y he Eg F vde

f k he db he hm demd

e. Hweve, bee ded hw he F

dbed wd-wde, m vde y

he demd geeed me g.

Ug he wg Wd Bk f -- whee hgh-

me e e defed hvg e e g me (GNI) $12,196 me; mdde-me e

e defed hvg e e GNI gg m $996

$12,195; d w-me e e defed hvg e

e GNI $995 e -- we g gh he eh

bewee me eve, hge , hge

m, d vbe by ve me (Wd Bk).

A he me me we ee hee ed Eg F

d gb eve, he e we beve wh he

hee me g hve qe dee ed wh he me

ee d. Hgh-me e hve bee hezed by

e ee he vege e-e Eg F,

m 3.8 gb hee 6.1 gb hee, wh evey

m ee . Te ge em gwh d

mveme qy e h heze hee e

e hw d ee y e y

Eg F. My e wh Nh Ame

d Wee Ee hve y m eege he gb

, ye hey hve me he gee ee,

d eqey, me he ge Eg F.

Te gh he gh hw hw d ee

e he Eg F d by ve

eh he w-, mdde-, d hgh-me g.

Whe hgh-me e e hezed by hgh e-e

m d hgh Eg F e-e ve wh

evey m , w-me e e hezed

by m m d m Eg F e-e,

b wh ge gwh. Exmg he Eg F

d by by me g e vd ey

mg y ee demd wd vege

fge wh he ex gb by. F e,

he gb eve, Eg F e e ve

be deed evey hged ve me, whe

dbe m ey 3 b 1961 6.7 b 2007.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

Ind

ex

(1961

=1.0

)

Population

Biocapacity

Footprint

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.02.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

Index

(19

61

=

1.

0)

Population

Biocapacity

Footprint

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.03.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

Index

(1961=

1.0

)

Population

Biocapacity

Footprint

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

Index

(1961=

1.0

)

Population

Biocapacity

Footprint

Figure 12:Wd, Lw-me, Mdde-me, d Hgh-me Idexed 1961

World

Low

-income

Middle-income

High-income


29/113

7

Ecological Footprint by Land Use ype andIncome Group

A v, - E F F- E F. T E F , v --

.

S A, , (IFPRI ),q x F. I -E F , .

T v x v . L- v F - F x E F. M- , F. H- F x 6, .

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 13. World Ecological Footprint per person, 1961-2007

GlobalH

ectaresPerPerson

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Grounds

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 14. Composition of the World Ecological Footprint per person, 1961-2007

FractionofTotalEcologicalFootprint

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Grounds

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 15b. Middle Income Countries Ecological Footprint per person, 1961-2007

GlobalHectaresPerPerson Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

Fi ure 15e. Composition of Middle Income Countries Ecolo ical Footprint per person, 1961-2007

FractionofTotalEcologicalFootprin

t

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 15c. High Income Countries Ecological Footprint per person, 1961-2007


Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 15f. Compo sition of High Income Countries Ecological Footprint per person, 1961-2007


t

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0.0

0.3

0.6

0.9

1.2

1.5

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 15a. Low Income Countries Ecological Footprint per person, 1961-2007


Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

Figure 15d. Composition of Low Income Countries Ecological Footprint per person, 1961-2007


t

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland


30/113

Country/Region

Populaton

[millions]

Ecological

Footprint of

Producton

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Imports

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Exports

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Consumpton

[gha per person]

Biocapacity

[gha per person]

Net Exports of

Ecological

Footprint

[gha per person]

World 6670.8 2.70 2.70 1.78

Low Income 1303.6 1.06 0.23 0.09 1.19 1.08 -0.13

Afghanistan 26.29 0.54 0.11 0.03 0.62 0.54 -0.09Bangladesh 157.75 0.48 0.16 0.02 0.62 0.38 -0.14

Benin 8.39 0.99 0.35 0.11 1.23 0.78 -0.24

Burkina Faso 14.72 1.33 0.08 0.10 1.32 1.30 0.02

Burundi 7.84 0.87 0.05 0.02 0.90 0.50 -0.03

Cambodia 14.32 0.96 0.11 0.04 1.03 0.94 -0.07

Central African Republic 4.26 1.35 0.05 0.08 1.32 8.44 0.03

Chad 10.62 1.74 0.05 0.06 1.73 3.17 0.01

Congo, Democratc Republic of 62.52 0.71 0.06 0.01 0.75 2.76 -0.05

Cte d'Ivoire 20.12 1.25 0.27 0.51 1.01 1.67 0.24

Eritrea 4.78 0.69 0.31 0.11 0.89 1.60 -0.19

Ethiopia 78.65 1.08 0.06 0.03 1.10 0.66 -0.03

Gambia 1.62 0.94 2.58 0.08 3.45 1.10 -2.50

Ghana 22.87 1.60 0.38 0.23 1.75 1.19 -0.15

Guinea 9.62 1.59 0.15 0.08 1.67 2.85 -0.07

Guinea-Bissau 1.54 1.13 0.12 0.29 0.96 3.22 0.17Hait 9.72 0.46 0.25 0.03 0.68 0.31 -0.22

Kenya 37.76 0.99 0.19 0.07 1.11 0.59 -0.12

Korea, Democratc People's Republic of 23.73 1.25 0.10 0.03 1.32 0.58 -0.07

Kyrgyzstan 5.35 1.01 0.43 0.19 1.25 1.34 -0.24

Lao People's Democratc Republic 6.09 1.24 0.09 0.05 1.28 1.58 -0.04

Liberia 3.63 1.14 0.21 0.09 1.26 2.47 -0.12

Madagascar 18.60 1.72 0.12 0.05 1.79 3.07 -0.08

Malawi 14.44 0.75 0.07 0.09 0.73 0.70 0.02

Mali 12.41 1.91 0.13 0.11 1.93 2.49 -0.02

Mauritania 3.14 2.64 0.64 0.67 2.61 5.50 0.03

Mozambique 21.87 0.73 0.10 0.06 0.77 1.89 -0.04

Myanmar 49.13 1.82 0.08 0.11 1.79 2.04 0.03

Nepal 28.29 0.76 2.83 0.03 3.56 0.55 -2.80

Niger 14.14 2.31 0.08 0.04 2.35 2.09 -0.04

Nigeria 147.72 1.30 0.16 0.03 1.44 1.12 -0.14

Pakistan 173.18 0.71 0.13 0.07 0.77 0.43 -0.06

Papua New Guinea 6.42 2.48 0.79 1.13 2.14 3.75 0.34

Rwanda 9.45 0.98 0.06 0.02 1.02 0.56 -0.04

Senegal 11.89 0.93 0.36 0.20 1.09 1.20 -0.16

Sierra Leone 5.42 1.10 0.11 0.16 1.05 1.20 0.05

Somalia 8.73 1.33 0.17 0.08 1.42 1.40 -0.10

Tajikistan 6.73 0.79 0.29 0.07 1.00 0.56 -0.21

Tanzania, United Republic of 41.28 1.17 0.09 0.08 1.18 1.02 -0.01

Togo 6.30 0.93 0.20 0.16 0.97 0.60 -0.04

Uganda 30.64 1.59 0.08 0.14 1.53 0.85 0.06

Uzbekistan 26.90 1.85 0.10 0.21 1.74 0.92 0.11

Viet Nam 86.11 1.28 0.41 0.29 1.40 0.86 -0.12

Yemen 22.27 0.68 0.39 0.13 0.94 0.62 -0.26

Zambia 12.31 0.78 0.18 0.05 0.91 2.26 -0.13

Zimbabwe 12.45 1.11 0.23 0.09 1.25 0.75 -0.14

Table 3: Lw-me Eg F, by, d , 2007


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Table 4: Lwemdde-me Eg F, by, d , 2007

Country/Region

Populaton

[millions]

Ecological

Footprint of

Producton

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Imports

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Exports

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Consumpton

[gha per person]

Biocapacity

[gha per person]

Net Exports of

Ecological

Footprint

[gha per person]

World 6670.8 2.70 2.70 1.78

Lower-middle Income 3505.9 1.62 0.31 0.29 1.64 1.03 -0.02

Albania 3.13 1.05 1.00 0.14 1.91 0.87 -0.86Algeria 33.86 1.18 0.71 0.30 1.59 0.59 -0.41

Angola 17.56 0.86 0.22 0.08 1.00 3.00 -0.14

Armenia 3.07 1.01 0.83 0.09 1.75 0.71 -0.74

Azerbaijan 8.63 1.55 0.70 0.38 1.87 0.76 -0.32

Bolivia 9.52 2.72 0.27 0.42 2.57 18.84 0.14

Bosnia and Herzegovina 3.78 2.47 1.55 1.28 2.75 1.60 -0.28

Cameroon 18.66 1.00 0.17 0.13 1.04 1.85 -0.05

China 1336.55 2.19 0.40 0.37 2.21 0.98 -0.03

Colombia 44.36 1.70 0.44 0.27 1.87 3.98 -0.17

Congo 3.55 0.99 0.28 0.30 0.96 13.27 0.02

Dominican Republic 9.81 0.98 0.64 0.15 1.47 0.50 -0.49

Ecuador 13.34 2.08 0.62 0.81 1.89 2.33 0.20

Egypt 80.06 1.29 0.47 0.09 1.66 0.62 -0.37

El Salvador 6.11 1.27 1.11 0.35 2.03 0.67 -0.76

Georgia 4.36 0.89 1.38 0.45 1.82 1.21 -0.93Guatemala 13.35 1.48 0.67 0.37 1.77 1.12 -0.30

Guyana 0.76 2.68 0.89 1.19 2.38 62.13 0.30

Honduras 7.17 1.67 0.55 0.31 1.91 1.84 -0.24

India 1164.67 0.91 0.06 0.06 0.91 0.51 0.00

Indonesia 224.67 1.51 0.24 0.54 1.21 1.35 0.30

Iran, Islamic Republic of 72.44 2.56 0.29 0.16 2.68 0.81 -0.12

Iraq 29.49 1.12 0.44 0.21 1.35 0.30 -0.23

Jordan 5.94 1.18 1.60 0.73 2.05 0.24 -0.87

Lesotho 2.03 0.98 0.19 0.10 1.07 0.81 -0.09

Macedonia TFYR 2.04 2.12 4.29 0.76 5.66 1.43 -3.54

Moldova 3.67 1.21 0.59 0.41 1.39 0.66 -0.18

Mongolia 2.61 5.32 0.37 0.16 5.53 15.14 -0.21

Morocco 31.22 0.93 0.67 0.38 1.22 0.61 -0.29

Namibia 2.09 4.25 1.11 4.96 2.15 7.56 3.84

Nicaragua 5.60 1.78 0.34 0.56 1.56 2.82 0.22

Occupied Palestnian Territory 4.02 0.40 0.38 0.04 0.74 0.16 -0.34

Paraguay 6.13 4.87 0.48 2.16 3.19 11.24 1.68

Peru 28.51 1.91 0.41 0.78 1.54 3.86 0.37

Philippines 88.72 1.06 0.35 0.12 1.30 0.62 -0.23

Sri Lanka 19.88 0.89 0.49 0.17 1.21 0.45 -0.32

Sudan 40.43 1.65 0.13 0.05 1.73 2.42 -0.08

Swaziland 1.15 1.56 0.91 0.98 1.50 1.00 0.06

Syrian Arab Republic 20.50 1.40 0.55 0.42 1.52 0.70 -0.13

Thailand 66.98 2.30 1.15 1.08 2.37 1.15 -0.07

Timor-Leste 1.06 0.34 0.11 0.01 0.44 1.21 -0.09

Tunisia 10.07 1.42 1.23 0.75 1.90 0.98 -0.47

Turkmenistan 4.98 4.00 0.07 0.15 3.93 3.21 0.08

Ukraine 46.29 3.31 0.77 1.18 2.90 1.82 0.41


32/113

Table 5: Uemdde-me Eg F, by, d , 2007

Country/Region

Populaton

[millions]

Ecological

Footprint of

Producton

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Imports

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Exports

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Consumpton

[gha per person]

Biocapacity

[gha per person]

Net Exports of

Ecological

Footprint

[gha per person]

World 6670.8 2.70 2.70 1.78

Upper-middle Income 817.4 3.57 1.02 1.28 3.31 4.63 0.26

Argentna 39.49 5.57 0.44 3.41 2.60 7.50 2.97

Belarus 9.72 3.84 1.26 1.30 3.80 3.29 0.03

Botswana 1.89 2.50 1.14 0.96 2.68 3.83 -0.18

Brazil 190.12 3.46 0.42 0.98 2.91 8.98 0.56

Bulgaria 7.64 4.30 1.36 1.59 4.07 2.13 0.23

Chile 16.64 4.56 1.42 2.74 3.24 3.83 1.32

Costa Rica 4.46 1.98 1.51 0.81 2.69 1.90 -0.70

Croata 4.43 3.21 2.19 1.66 3.75 2.50 -0.53

Cuba 11.20 1.31 0.65 0.10 1.85 0.74 -0.55

Gabon 1.42 2.75 0.68 2.45 1.41 29.29 1.77

Jamaica 2.70 1.75 1.26 1.08 1.93 0.38 -0.18

Kazakhstan 15.41 5.27 1.00 1.73 4.54 4.01 0.73

Latvia 2.27 6.44 3.22 4.01 5.64 7.07 0.80

Lebanon 4.16 1.18 2.09 0.37 2.90 0.40 -1.72

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 6.17 2.40 1.54 0.89 3.05 0.44 -0.65

Lithuania 3.36 4.53 3.38 3.25 4.67 4.36 -0.13

Malaysia 26.56 4.10 5.41 4.65 4.86 2.61 -0.76

Mauritus 1.27 1.17 3.60 0.51 4.26 0.56 -3.09

Mexico 107.49 2.23 1.24 0.47 3.00 1.47 -0.77

Panama 3.34 2.40 1.00 0.53 2.87 3.15 -0.47

Poland 38.13 4.11 1.72 1.48 4.35 2.09 -0.24

Romania 21.45 2.51 1.00 0.80 2.71 1.95 -0.20

Russian Federaton 141.94 5.15 0.69 1.43 4.41 5.75 0.74

South Africa 49.17 3.05 0.58 1.31 2.32 1.14 0.73

Turkey 73.00 2.13 1.13 0.56 2.70 1.32 -0.57

Uruguay 3.34 8.38 1.01 4.26 5.13 9.91 3.25

Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of 27.66 2.57 0.58 0.25 2.89 2.81 -0.33


33/113

Table 6: Hgh-me Eg F, by, d , 2007

Country/Region

Populaton

[millions]

Ecological

Footprint of

Producton

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Imports

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Exports

[gha per person]

Ecological

Footprint of

Consumpton

[gha per person]

Biocapacity

[gha per person]

Net Exports of

Ecological

Footprint

[gha per person]

World 6670.8 2.70 2.70 1.78

High Income 1031.6 5.75 3.04 2.72 6.09 3.06 -0.31

Australia 20.85 11.29 1.74 6.20 6.84 14.71 4.45

Austria 8.31 5.44 5.93 6.07 5.30 3.31 0.14

Belgium 10.53 4.80 14.82 11.62 8.00 1.34 -3.20

Canada 32.95 12.12 3.29 8.40 7.01 14.92 5.11

Czech Republic 10.27 5.95 3.63 3.84 5.73 2.67 0.22

Denmark 5.45 6.23 8.39 6.35 8.26 4.85 -2.03

Estonia 1.34 8.86 4.83 5.84 7.88 8.96 1.01

Finland 5.28 12.29 6.41 12.54 6.16 12.46 6.13

France 61.71 4.27 3.23 2.49 5.01 3.00 -0.74

Germany 82.34 4.72 3.97 3.60 5.08 1.92 -0.36

Greece 11.11 3.94 3.01 1.56 5.39 1.62 -1.45

Hungary 10.03 3.45 2.06 2.51 2.99 2.23 0.46

Ireland 4.36 5.42 4.88 4.00 6.29 3.48 -0.88

Israel 6.93 3.07 2.60 0.85 4.82 0.32 -1.74

Italy 59.31 3.08 3.50 1.59 4.99 1.14 -1.91

Japan 127.40 3.55 2.05 0.87 4.73 0.60 -1.18

Korea, Republic of 47.96 3.79 3.03 1.95 4.87 0.33 -1.08

Kuwait 2.85 6.66 3.09 3.42 6.32 0.40 0.33

Netherlands 16.46 4.20 11.23 9.24 6.19 1.03 -2.00

New Zealand 4.19 11.27 2.47 8.84 4.89 10.77 6.38

Norway 4.72 9.82 7.99 12.25 5.56 5.48 4.26

Oman 2.73 4.56 2.50 2.07 4.99 2.14 -0.43

Portugal 10.64 2.99 4.08 2.60 4.47 1.25 -1.48

Puerto Rico 3.95 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.14 0.00

Qatar 1.14 12.60 6.13 8.22 10.51 2.51 2.09

Saudi Arabia 24.68 4.39 2.15 1.41 5.13 0.84 -0.74

Singapore 4.49 3.63 9.51 7.81 5.34 0.02 -1.70

Slovakia 5.39 4.10 3.44 3.48 4.06 2.68 0.04

Slovenia 2.01 3.88 6.95 5.53 5.30 2.61 -1.42

Spain 44.05 4.13 3.64 2.35 5.42 1.61 -1.29

Sweden 9.16 8.39 5.84 8.34 5.88 9.75 2.50Switzerland 7.51 2.68 4.20 1.86 5.02 1.24 -2.34

Trinidad and Tobago 1.33 6.40 2.64 5.95 3.09 1.57 3.31

United Arab Emirates 6.25 6.22 6.34 1.89 10.68 0.85 -4.45

United Kingdom 61.13 3.38 2.84 1.33 4.89 1.34 -1.51

United States of America 308.67 7.99 1.62 1.61 8.00 3.87 -0.01


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World Maps

Map 1. Bg y e e, 1961 d 2007.

0 to 1.5 gha per capita

1.5 to 3.0 gha per capita






More than 10.5 gha per capita

Insufficient data


1.5 to 3.0 gha per capita3.0 to 4.5 gha per capita





More than 10.5 gha per cap ita

Insufficient data


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Map 2. Eg F m e e, 1961 d 2007.









Insufficient data









Insufficient data


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Map 3. Eg F d e e, 1961 d 2007.









Insufficient data









Insufficient data


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Map 4. Eg ed d deb e, 1961 d 2007. Te eg ed d deb m bve me he EgF m wh dme by.


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6

Map 5. Gb eg ed d deb e, 1961 d 2007. Te gb eg ed d deb m bve me heEg F m wh eh y bde wh gby vbe by.


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7

Map 6. Eg emde d veh e, 1961 d 2007. Te eg emde d veh m bve me heEg F d d by wh eh y bde. Uke he eg ed d deb m, d

[by def] m e de.


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Map 7. Ne mg d exg e, 1961 d 2007. Te e de w m bve defe he e mg e (ed)d e exg e (gee). Ne mg e m me by h hey ex d hve Eg F

m gee h he Eg F d. Te e e e exg e.

Imports more than 3.75 gha per capita

Imports 2.50 to 3.75 gha per capi ta


Imports 0 to 1.25 gha per capita

Exports 0 to 1.25 gha per capita

Exports 1.25 to 2.50 gha per capita


Exports more than 3.75 gha per capita

Insufficient data

Imports more than 3.75 gha per capita



Imports 0 to 1.25 gha per capita

Exports 0 to 1.25 gha per capita



Exports more than 3.75 gha per capita

Insufficient data


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Regional Results from the NationalFootprint Accounts

Reg d e de gey bh he demd by, d he by hey hve vbe wh he

bde. My e e me by h e vbe

wh he bde. T me m m ee,

b yy gee exe hgh e he gb mm

dmg gd b dxde em. F e, he

e ed ex, efg d d we

evey m med he bdve e eeded bb

he we d m bg hee e. Te e e e

he b me he Eg F.

I eveye he wd ved ke vege ede he Ued

Se he Ued Ab Eme, he by me h 4.5Eh wd be eqed hmy m e.

I ed he wd wee ve ke he vege Sh Ke, y

1.8 e wd be eeded. Ad he wd ved ke he vege

e Id dd 2007, hmy wd be g e

h h he e by. Fge 16 hw bh e eF d ze x eg he wd 1961 d

2007 d Fge 17 hw he me eg by--eg

e exeed Ued N defed eg. Whe A hd

w vege e e F 2007, hed me h h

he wd d h hd he ge F

eg. Te eg F w m we by

h ye. Te e w e he L Ame d he

Cbbe eg, whe by w xmey we

he ze F. I dd he A eg, he Nh

Ame, d Ee eg wee eg deb, wh

F exeedg he by. T me hee eg wee

eyg he by he he e he wd, dd he w, v ee d we m.

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Eco

logical

Footprin

t(globa

lhectaresperperson

)

Nort

hAmerica

Oceania

Europe

LatinAmerica

Asia

Africa

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Biocapacity(global

hectaresperperson

)

Oceania

Nort

hAmerica

Latin

America

Europe Africa Asia

Figure 16: Eg F d by eg, 2007 Figure 17: By d by eg, 2007


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AFRICA

A me 2,960 m hee d, 1,815 m

whh e ed bdve e he N

F A. O h bdve d e, 627 m

hee e eed, 246 m e d, 911 m e

gd, whe e e 31 m hee

he e. Bdeg he Medee Se, A

Oe, d Id Oe, A h 115 m hee

e he e d 67 m hee d we.

kg deee bewee vege A yed

d edg gb yed d, gzg d,

e, d fhee, A by 1,423 m

gh. Te by vbe e e ve wdey mg

A e. Lby h he we by eve

0.4 gh e e. A he he ed he ge,

Gb h 29.3 gh by vbe e e. Reb

Cg h he hghe by y A

y, g 12 ee he e ve by.

A vege e e Eg F m

1.4 gh, by we h he gb vege F

2.7 gh e e. Hweve, hee e b deeebewee e. Mw h e e Eg F

m j 0.7 gh e e, he we he

wd. M h he hghe Eg F

m mg A e, 4.3 gh e e.

M e A hve F d

we h he by, dg h he dme

hve d em qe e wh he bd wh

he eg ee vde. Hweve, h e

A e. Egy hw he gee eege

eg veh, wh F d we

ge by. Sh A exhb he gee veh, wh F d 94 m

gh gee h by. A ve F

d 10 ee e h vbe by.

ea

0

300

600

900

1200

1500

BiocapacityFootprint

Glob

alHectares(millions)

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

. ,

Figure 18:A Eg F d by byd e ye, 2007

Eg F e e By e e


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Cb dxde em 54 ee he gb

Eg F. I he e A, b dxde em

20 ee d 19 ee he Eg

F d d m, eevey. T

de h e em vy, we f demd, e

evey me deede de b h e

eegy, med he e he wd. F bh d

d m, Sm h he wd we b F

Eg F, g e h eee he bh d d m F.

A whe e me by, hgh eve

A e d ex me eg gd h hey

m. A e m m he e he wd hve

embded by eq 12 ee A F

m, 11 ee e by.

Te Eg F he vege A ede ded

by 22 ee bewee 1961 d 2007. Hweve, he me

me A gew by 230 ee, dvg

ge ee eg demd ve h ed.

Te vege A F m med he e

he wd. F my ede e A, he me

m eeeed by he Eg F m

mee b d, hee, heh, d eed. I de

mke v qy e mveme, ge egme

A m hve gee e ee.

Ye A gwg d he wd eg

ee m e mkg h egy d.

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

,

GlobalHectaresPerPerson

Built-up Land

Carbon Footprint

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

0

1

2

3

4

5

2007200019951990198519801975197019651961

GlobalHectaresPerPerson

Built-up Land

Fishing Ground

Forest Land

Grazing Land

Cropland

AgeGroup

1987

2007

2027

Percent of PopulationFigure 20:A ymd hwg e,1987, 2007, 2027

Figure 19:A Eg F e e Figure 21:A by e e


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Table 8:A e e F m by d e ye, 2007

Country/Region

Total Ecological

Footprint

[gha per person]

Cropland

[gha per person]

Grazing Land

[gha per person]

Forest Land

[gha per person]

Fishing Grounds

[gha per person]

Carbon Footprint

[gha per person]

Built-up Land

[gha per person]

World 2.70 0.59 0.21 0.29 0.11 1.44 0.06

Africa 1.41 0.51 0.21 0.30 0.07 0.26 0.06

Algeria 1.59 0.57 0.20 0.14 0.02 0.63 0.02

Angola 1.00 0.36 0.08 0.13 0.22 0.16 0.05

Benin 1.23 0.57 0.05 0.31 0.06 0.20 0.04

Botswana 2.68 0.40 1.04 0.19 0.11 0.88 0.05

Burkina Faso 1.32 0.65 0.18 0.36 0.01 0.04 0.08

Burundi 0.90 0.30 0.07 0.46 0.01 0.02 0.04

Cameroon 1.04 0.42 0.12 0.28 0.06 0.12 0.04

Cape Verde 1.17 0.53 0.14 0.03 0.00 0.47 0.00


Chad 1.73 0.61 0.73 0.29 0.01 0.02 0.07

Comoros 1.42 0.32 0.03 0.01 0.95 0.11 0.00

Congo 0.96 0.26 0.05 0.47 0.10 0.06 0.03

Congo, Democratc Republic of 0.75 0.15 0.01 0.49 0.02 0.04 0.05

Cte d'Ivoire 1.01 0.44 0.05 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.07

Egypt 1.66 0.63 0.06 0.14 0.05 0.62 0.17

Eritrea 0.89 0.27 0.24 0.20 0.02 0.11 0.05

Ethiopia 1.10 0.36 0.13 0.50 0.00 0.06 0.06

Gabon 1.41 0.48 0.12 0.64 0.15 0.00 0.03

Gambia 3.45 0.73 0.17 0.21 2.01 0.29 0.04

Ghana 1.75 0.50 0.06 0.60 0.27 0.25 0.06

Guinea 1.67 0.61 0.32 0.51 0.06 0.08 0.07

Guinea-Bissau 0.96 0.30 0.38 0.18 0.00 0.05 0.05

Kenya 1.11 0.28 0.28 0.30 0.06 0.15 0.04

Lesotho 1.07 0.12 0.53 0.39 0.01 0.02 0.01

Liberia 1.26 0.31 0.02 0.72 0.08 0.08 0.05

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 3.05 0.73 0.23 0.10 0.04 1.92 0.02

Madagascar 1.79 0.29 0.41 0.84 0.12 0.07 0.06

Malawi 0.73 0.42 0.03 0.16 0.01 0.05 0.06

Mali 1.93 0.73 0.83 0.18 0.03 0.07 0.09

Mauritania 2.61 0.43 1.62 0.21 0.08 0.22 0.05

Mauritus 4.26 0.65 0.19 0.19 1.74 1.49 0.00

Morocco 1.22 0.57 0.20 0.06 0.04 0.33 0.02

Mozambique 0.77 0.25 0.03 0.33 0.08 0.04 0.05

Namibia 2.15 0.58 0.96 0.00 0.00 0.58 0.03

Niger 2.35 1.37 0.61 0.27 0.00 0.04 0.05

Nigeria 1.44 0.84 0.09 0.21 0.06 0.17 0.07

Rwanda 1.02 0.44 0.06 0.42 0.01 0.05 0.05Senegal 1.09 0.40 0.23 0.23 0.04 0.17 0.03

Sierra Leone 1.05 0.37 0.14 0.40 0.00 0.07 0.07

Somalia 1.42 0.17 0.61 0.50 0.02 0.07 0.04

South Africa 2.32 0.42 0.21 0.29 0.06 1.31 0.02

Sudan 1.73 0.55 0.82 0.21 0.00 0.10 0.04

Swaziland 1.50 0.33 0.49 0.03 0.02 0.57 0.06

Tanzania, United Republic of 1.18 0.35 0.36 0.24 0.09 0.08 0.06

Togo 0.97 0.31 0.09 0.37 0.06 0.11 0.02

Tunisia 1.90 0.78 0.10 0.26 0.04 0.68 0.04

Uganda 1.53 0.53 0.14 0.55 0.19 0.06 0.06

Zambia 0.91 0.16 0.18 0.35 0.08 0.13 0.02

Zimbabwe 1.25 0.22 0.35 0.31 0.00 0.33 0.03


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Table 8:A F by d e ye, 2007

Country/Region

Total Ecological

Footprint

[million gha]

Cropland

[million gha]

Grazing Land

[million gha]

Forest Land

[million gha]

Fishing Grounds

[million gha]

Carbon Footprint

[million gha]

Built-up Land

[million gha]

World 17993.56 3903.29 1394.94 1909.95 725.76 9633.35 426.27

Africa 1356.39 487.24 198.71 292.75 67.87 251.07 58.75

Algeria 53.71 19.29 6.81 4.66 0.72 21.39 0.84

Angola 17.61 6.28 1.37 2.24 3.95 2.89 0.88Benin 10.31 4.78 0.41 2.64 0.48 1.70 0.30

Botswana 5.06 0.76 1.96 0.36 0.21 1.67 0.10

Burkina Faso 19.38 9.50 2.68 5.27 0.13 0.65 1.14

Burundi 7.09 2.38 0.54 3.58 0.11 0.16 0.31

Cameroon 19.48 7.87 2.21 5.19 1.18 2.26 0.76

Cape Verde 0.57 0.26 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.23 0.00


Chad 18.33 6.44 7.72 3.09 0.11 0.18 0.78

Comoros 1.18 0.27 0.02 0.01 0.79 0.09 0.00

Congo 3.43 0.92 0.19 1.65 0.34 0.20 0.12

Congo, Democratc Republic of 47.08 9.29 0.82 30.72 0.97 2.32 2.95

Cte d'Ivoire 20.33 8.81 0.91 4.08 3.09 1.94 1.50

Egypt 132.87 50.49 4.56 11.02 3.93 49.45 13.41

Eritrea 4.24 1.28 1.14 0.96 0.10 0.53 0.23

Ethiopia 86.70 28.49 10.15 39.10 0.00 4.37 4.58

Gabon 2.01 0.68 0.17 0.90 0.22 0.00 0.04

Gambia 5.57 1.18 0.27 0.34 3.25 0.47 0.06

Ghana 40.06 11.40 1.48 13.76 6.16 5.79 1.48

Guinea 16.03 5.89 3.08 4.92 0.62 0.80 0.72

Guinea-Bissau 1.48 0.46 0.58 0.28 0.01 0.08 0.08

Kenya 41.98 10.72 10.45 11.25 2.44 5.51 1.62

Lesotho 2.18 0.25 1.07 0.78 0.01 0.05 0.02

Liberia 4.57 1.12 0.09 2.63 0.27 0.29 0.17

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 18.82 4.51 1.45 0.61 0.26 11.87 0.12

Madagascar 33.37 5.42 7.70 15.68 2.15 1.28 1.13

Malawi 10.55 6.04 0.43 2.37 0.15 0.69 0.87

Mali 23.97 9.01 10.26 2.28 0.40 0.88 1.13

Mauritania 8.19 1.35 5.08 0.67 0.25 0.69 0.16

Mauritus 5.42 0.83 0.24 0.25 2.21 1.90 0.00

Morocco 38.12 17.91 6.25 1.78 1.16 10.29 0.73

Mozambique 16.88 5.40 0.76 7.22 1.73 0.78 0.99

Namibia 4.50 1.22 2.01 0.00 0.00 1.21 0.06

Niger 33.21 19.42 8.69 3.80 0.06 0.50 0.73

Nigeria 212.23 123.90 13.18 30.96 8.65 24.97 10.58

Rwanda 9.63 4.12 0.60 3.96 0.05 0.46 0.43Senegal 13.02 4.77 2.77 2.76 0.42 1.97 0.33

Sierra Leone 5.69 2.01 0.78 2.18 0.00 0.37 0.35

Somalia 12.43 1.52 5.36 4.39 0.20 0.59 0.38

South Africa 114.05 20.75 10.28 14.45 3.16 64.27 1.14

Sudan 70.09 22.36 33.10 8.58 0.13 4.22 1.71

Swaziland 1.72 0.38 0.56 0.04 0.02 0.66 0.07

Tanzania, United Republic of 48.61 14.28 14.88 9.97 3.72 3.31 2.44

Togo 6.14 1.98 0.54 2.36 0.41 0.70 0.16

Tunisia 19.09 7.90 0.99 2.58 0.39 6.87 0.36

Uganda 46.93 16.30 4.32 16.95 5.88 1.73 1.74

Zambia 11.24 1.93 2.23 4.29 1.03 1.54 0.21

Zimbabwe 15.55 2.80 4.39 3.82 0.05 4.10 0.39


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Table 9:A e e by by d e ye, 2007

Country/Region

Total Biocapacity

[gha per person]

Cropland

[gha per person]

Grazing Land

[gha per person]

Forest Land

[gha per person]

Fishing Grounds

[gha per person]

Built-up Land

[gha per person]

World 1.78 0.59 0.23 0.74 0.16 0.06

Africa 1.48 0.44 0.41 0.45 0.11 0.06

Algeria 0.59 0.20 0.32 0.04 0.01 0.02

Angola 3.00 0.24 1.70 0.75 0.26 0.05Benin 0.78 0.48 0.04 0.20 0.03 0.04

Botswana 3.83 0.12 2.67 0.69 0.29 0.05

Burkina Faso 1.30 0.69 0.19 0.34 0.00 0.08

Burundi 0.50 0.28 0.17 0.01 0.01 0.04

Cameroon 1.85 0.46 0.11 1.12 0.12 0.04

Cape Verde 0.51 0.07 0.02 0.13 0.29 0.00

Central African Republic 8.44 0.36 0.61 7.43 0.00 0.04

Chad 3.17 0.59 1.36 1.06 0.09 0.07

Comoros 0.29 0.23 0.01 0.00 0.05 0.00

Congo 13.27 0.15 3.79 8.81 0.48 0.03

Congo, Democratc Republic of 2.76 0.14 0.28 2.25 0.05 0.05

Cte d'Ivoire 1.67 0.83 0.30 0.46 0.01 0.07

Egypt 0.62 0.43 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.17

Eritrea 1.60 0.16 0.24 0.11 1.04 0.05

Ethiopia 0.66 0.37 0.13 0.05 0.05 0.06

Gabon 29.29 0.27 4.19 21.33 3.48 0.03

Gambia 1.10 0.33 0.13 0.22 0.39 0.04

Ghana 1.19 0.60 0.29 0.18 0.06 0.06

Guinea 2.85 0.57 0.91 0.77 0.52 0.07

Guinea-Bissau 3.22 0.45 0.39 0.37 1.96 0.05

Kenya 0.59 0.24 0.27 0.02 0.02 0.04

Lesotho 0.81 0.05 0.76 0.00 0.00 0.01

Liberia 2.47 0.21 0.72 1.17 0.33 0.05

Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 0.44 0.17 0.23 0.02 0.00 0.02

Madagascar 3.07 0.28 1.58 0.96 0.20 0.06

Malawi 0.70 0.47 0.08 0.03 0.06 0.06

Mali 2.49 0.74 0.85 0.74 0.06 0.09

Mauritania 5.50 0.15 3.57 0.06 1.67 0.05

Mauritus 0.56 0.16 0.00 0.01 0.38 0.00

Morocco 0.61 0.23 0.18 0.08 0.10 0.02

Mozambique 1.89 0.22 1.12 0.34 0.17 0.05

Namibia 7.56 0.22 1.75 0.40 5.16 0.03

Niger 2.09 1.34 0.63 0.07 0.00 0.05

Nigeria 1.12 0.82 0.18 0.02 0.02 0.07

Rwanda 0.56 0.42 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.05

Senegal 1.20 0.25 0.20 0.54 0.19 0.03

Sierra Leone 1.20 0.34 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.07

Somalia 1.40 0.08 0.67 0.27 0.34 0.04

South Africa 1.14 0.25 0.62 0.02 0.22 0.02

Sudan 2.42 0.49 0.83 0.92 0.14 0.04

Swaziland 1.00 0.27 0.62 0.05 0.01 0.06

Tanzania, United Republic of 1.02 0.3

The Ecological Footprint Atlas - 2010 (Global Footprint Network)

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Transcript of The Ecological Footprint Atlas - 2010 (Global Footprint Network)