Capsicum Technical Bulletin

7/24/2019 Capsicum Technical Bulletin

1/31


2/31

Technical

Bulletin

No.

22

(Revised

Edition)

CorrectCitation:ProtectedCultivationofCapsicum

October2011

No.ofcopies : 1000

Publishedby : Dr.AmrikSinghSidhu

Director

!!"R

BangaloreAuthors: Dr.ShankaraS"e##ar

Dr.B.Balakrishna

Dr.$.%ra#hakar

$r.&.Srinivas

Dr.Anil'umarNair

$r..S.Ravikumar

Dr.iria

aneshan

Dr.De#iSharma

Dr.D.&.Sudhakar

Rao

Dr.S.D.Doiode

Dr.$.R."egde

Dr.$.S.Rao

Compiled

and Dr.B.Balakrishna

Editedby : $r.%.B.addagimath

AssistedBy : $s.$anasaB.

$s.Ai*asha.+.

Coveresi!n, $r.autamBasak

and

-a*out $r.%.B.addagimath

"ndian

"nstitute

of

#orticultural

$esearch

"essaraghatta lake%ost /00.

Tele3hone, , 102442025

1024414145

+a6 , 102421

E$ail , director7iihr.ernet.in8e#site , htt3,99:::.iihr.res.in

%rintedat,%recision+otot*3eServices%h,4/044511

P$E%ACE

CAPSICUM

(Sweet

Pepper

or

Bell

Pepper),

also

popularly

called

as

Simla

Mirch

in

India

is

one

of

the

leading

vegetales

grown

in

open


3/31

conditions

as

well

as

under

protected

conditions!

Because

of

its

economic

importanceasahighvaluevegetalecropothindomesticandoverseas

mar"etsduetomoreconsumerpreferencesanduseinvariousculinary

products,#ualityproductionofcapsicumistheneedoftheday!$hishas

led

to

production

of

capsicum

under

protected

conditions

to

meet

the

standards

of

different

mar"ets

prompting

popularity

of

this

crop

as

an

enterprise

in

uran

and

peri

uran

areas!

$he

crop,

once

the

domain

of

only

the

rich

and

elite

farmers

has

today

ecome

a

successful

and

profitaleenterpriseforsmallandmarginalfarmersalso!$hecreditofthis

hasto

gototheconsortedeffortsofthescientistsfromII%&,Bengaluruandfew

othersta"eholders inrefining the technologyofproductionof thiscrop

suiting

to

Indian

conditions

and

ma"ing

the

technology

farmer

friendly

and

easily

adopted

y

all

categories

of

farmers!

'f

late,

production

of

capsicum

in

protected

conditions

under

polynet

houseshaseenfacingmanyproductionandcropprotectionprolems

ecause

of

emergence

of

new

challenges

li"e

emergence

of

new

pests,

soilorne

diseases,

micro

nutrient

deficiencies

etc

and

a

non

organied

sector

ofthiscropisalsofacingtheprolemofmar"etaility!$oovercomemany

ofsuchprolemsateamofscientistsfromII%&,Bengaluruundertoo"a

studyonidentificationprolemsinproductionandmodifyandrefine the

e*isting

technology

with

the

financial

support

from

+ABA&,

Bengaluru!

$his

pulication

is

the

product

of

the

research

and

e*tension

efforts

of

the

scientistsoftheinstituteinthisendeavor!$hispulicationgivesanall

account

of

production

of

capsicum

under

protected

conditions

and

is

averygoodhandoo" toevenaeginnerofcapsicumcropproduction!I

amsurethatthispulicationwouldserveasaguideoo"toallcapsicum

growers,entrepreneurs,e*tensionpersonnel,researchersandstudents,input

suppliers,

mar"eters

and

financial

institutes!

I

appreciate

the

efforts

of

r

B

Bala"rishna,

r,

M

Praha"ar

r

Shan"ar

S

%ear

Mr

-Srinivas

and

all

other

contriutors

for

providing

the

most

re#uired

essential

input

for

this

pulication!

I

also

appreciate

the

pains

ta"ing

efforts

of

r

B

Bala"rishna

and

Shri

P!B!.addagimath

for

editing

and

in

ringing

out

thispulication!Iplaceonrecordsthefinancialassistanceprovidedy

+ABA&,Bengalurufor thispro/ect!

ate012!13!4154

Place0Bengaluru

A.S.Sidhu

(irector

II%&,

Bengaluru)

CON&EN&

1. !ntroduction

2. Selectiono;Site

5. reen

house

structures

4.


4/31

5)-and3re3aration

/. +umigation

. +ertili=erA33lication

>. A33licationo;neemcakeand#io3esticides

. -a*ingo;dri3line

. $ulching

and

S3acing10. Trans3lanting

11. %runing

12. Training

15. Dri3irrigationand+ertigation

14. !ntegrated

3ests

and

diseases

management

1)

%ests

management2)Diseasesmanagement

5)Ste3sto#e;ollo:edduringuseo;3esticidesand

insecticides

4)

%esticide

residues

in

ca3sicum

gro:n

in

3ol*

house

1/. "arvesting

and?ield

1. %ost

harvest

management

1>. S3ecialti3stoachievehigherand@ualit**ield

1. -ist

o;

3esticides

and

chemicals

used

in

commercial

cultivation

o;

ca3sicum

Protected

Cultivation

of

Capsicum

1."ntroduction

!ndiaisalando;diverseagroclimatic=onesandeacho;these

=oneso;;eragreat3otential;orcultivationo;:iderangeo;cro3sacross

all

seasons.

&egeta#les

;orm

maor

and

im3ortant

3art

o;

our

dietar*

re@uirements:hichare:idel*gro:nintheruraland3eriur#anareas.

"itechhorticultureincluding3rotectedcultivationo;highvalueande6otic

vegeta#leshas#een

on

the

increase

targeting

high

end

domesticande63ort


5/31

market.;latedue

tothe3o3ulation

3ressure;ragmen

tation o; land

holdings and

ur#ani=ationhaveledtodeclineincultiva#leareamoresoinur#anand

3eriur#an

areas.

%roduction

o;

vegeta#les

under

3rotected

cultivation

s*stemresultsine;;ectiveuseo;thelandresources#esides#einga#le

toincreasethe3roductiono;@ualit*vegeta#les#oth;orthee63ortand

domestic

markets

#*

o;;setting

#iotic

and

a#iotic

stresses

to

a

great

e6tentthatother:iseis3revalentino3encultivation.nder3rotected

cultivationca3sicumsare:idel*gro:nduetohigher3roductivit*and

economic

;easi#ilit*.


6/31

2040

tons

3er

hectare

in

a#out

4/

months.

!n

greenhouse

the

cro3

duration

o;

green

and

colored

ca3sicums

is

a#out

>

10

months

and

*ieldsa#out0100t3erhectare.Theadvantageso;3rotectedcultivation

are

"igher3roductivit*resultinginincreased*ield

%rovides

#etter

gro:ing

environment

to

3lants

%rotects;romrain:indhightem3eraturesandminimi=esthe

damageo;insect3estsanddiseasesthere#*im3rovingthe@ualit*

and*ield

+acilitates*earround3roductioncou3led:ith

*ieldenhancement

#*25timescom3aredtoo3encultivation.

Researchanddevelo3mento;greenhouse93rotectedcultivationo;

vegeta#les:as initiatedat !!"RBengaluru in the*ear2000and the

com3lete3ackage;or3rotectedcultivationo;ca3sicum:asdevelo3ed

#*200/.Sincethenman*;armersandentre3reneurshaveado3tedthe

2

3rotected

cultivation

o;

vegeta#les

es3eciall*

coloured

ca3sicum

on

commercialscaleandare#eing#ene;ited.Someo;the3ointsthathave

to#econsidered;orsuccess;ulcultivationo;thecro3have#een

enumeratedinthe;ollo:ing3ages.

2.'electionof

'ite

Selectiono;

site;ortakingu3o;

3rotectedcultivation

isacriticalste3and

thishasto#edone

:ith

utmost

care.

%laceshavinghighrain;allandhumidit*arenotsuita#le;oritscultivation

sincethisencouragesman*;oliardiseases.Alsotheareas:ithhigh

:indvelocit*arenotsuita#lesincethe*arelikel*todamagethestructure

andthe3ol*eth*lenesheet;re@uentl*there#*enhancingthemaintenance

costo;thestructure.Avoidthelocationorarea:hereheav*rains


7/31

accom3anied

:ith

gust*

:inds

are

3revalent

to

avoid

damage

to

the

3rotectedstructure.8elldrainedsand*loamsoilshavinggood3ercolation

ismostsuita#letogro:ca3sicum.Thesoil3"o;to>andE


8/31

sta#ili=ed40meshn*lonnetis3rovidedonallsideso;thenethouse.


9/31

make

an

entr*

into

the3ol*house.


10/31

and

sha3e

needs

to

#e sele cted.

"*#rids3re;era#l*

should

have

long

gro:ing3eriodo;

10months.+ruits

should have

characterssuchas;ourlo#esuni;ormcolourandri3ening:ith#etter

shel;li;e.

,.2.

Nursery

raisin!

ood@ualit*seedsarere@uired;or3roducing#etterseedlings.

Theseedlings

areraisedin

3rotra*so;

cells or

cavities.

A#out

1000 to

2

0

0

0

0

seedlingsare

re@uired to

3lantoneacre;or:hich10200gmo;seedsisre@uired.

The3rotra*sare;illed:ithsterili=edcoco3eatandseedsare

so:noneseed3ercelltoade3tho;Icmandcovered:iththe

samemedia

The;illedtra*sarestakedonea#ovetheotherandcovered:ith

3lasticsheetstillgerminationo;seeds.

Seedsgerminate ina#outa:eekJs timea;terso:ing.The tra*s

areshi;tedtonethouse93ol*houseand lightl*:atered.A;ter1/

da*so;so:ing$onoammonium3hos3hate(12,1,0)(5g9-)and

22da*sa;terso:ing1,1,1(5g9-)solutionhasto#edrenched.

Theseedlingsin3rotra*saredrenched:ith


11/31

da*s.

S3ra*imidaclo3rid70.2ml9-andchlorothelonil71gm9-#e;ore

trans3lantingo;seedlings.Al:a*sadda#out0.5ml9-o;:etting

agent3erlitero;:ater:itheachs3ra*o;3esticide.

/

-.andpreparation

Thelandshould#ethoroughl*3loughedandsoilshould#e#rought

to

;ine

tilth.

8ell

decom3osed

organicmanureat

therateo;202/kg

3ers@mtrismi6ed

:ith soil. ne

a33lication is

su;;icienttogro:

three ca3sicum

cro3s

successivel*.

Raised

#eds

are

;ormed

a;ter

#ringing

soil

to

;ine

tilth.The#edsi=eshould#e0100cms:ideand1/22cmsheight.

Bet:eenthe#eds:alkings3aceo;4/cmsto/0cmneedto#e3rovided.

.%umi!ation

Thecro3#edsaredrenchedusing43ercent;ormaldeh*de(74-9

2

treating :ith

;ormalin care

should#etakento

:earmaskgloves

and

a3ron.

+our

da*sa;ter;ormalin

treatment the

3ol*eth*lenecover

is

removed

the

#eds

are

raked

re3eatedl*

ever*da*

to

remove

the

tra33ed

;ormalin

;umescom3letel*3riortotrans3lanting.+ormalintreatmentcan#e

re3eateda;terthreecro3c*clesor:henevernecessar*.+umigation

m o;

#ed)

and

covered

:ith

#lack

3ol*eth*lene

mulch

sheet.

8hile


12/31

:ith;ormaldeh*dehel3stominimi=ethesoil#ornediseases.Basamid

canalso#eused;orsoilsterili=ation.

/.%ertilierapplication

A

#asal

;ertili=er

dose

o;

20,2/,20

N%'

is

re@uired

3er

acre

and

isa33liedtothe#edsuni;orml*#e;oretrans3lantinginthe;ormo;0kg

calciumammoniumnitrate12/kgsu3er3hos3hateand52kgmurateo;

3otashor40kgsul3hateo;3otash.

.Applicationofneemca3eand4icrobialBio5controlA!ents

+i;teen

da*s

#e;ore

trans3lanting

neem

cake

has

to

#e

enriched

:ith

#io

agents

like

$richoderma

harianam

and

Pseudomonas

lilacinous.

Neem

cake

o;

a#out

200

'g

is

3o:dered

and

slightl*

moistened.$richoderma

harianam,

Pseudomonas

lilacinousand

Paecilomyceschilmdosporiaeacho; t:okgaremi6ed thoroughl* to

the

neem

cake.

The

mi6ture

is

covered

:ith

:et

gunn*

#ags

or

dr*

grassandle;t;or10da*s.Avoiddirecte63osuretosunlightandrain;all.

A;ter

10

da*s

this

enriched

mi6ture

o;

neem

cake

and

#ioagent

along

:ith00kgo;neemcakehasto#ea33lieduni;orml*tothe#eds;oran

areao;oneacre.Thisishighl*use;ultoreducethe3ro#lemo;soil

#orne3athogensandnematodes.AospirillumorAoctoacteror&A$

:hichisanitrogen;i6ing#acteriacanalso#ea33lied tothegro:ing

#ed.

6.

ayin!

of

drip

line

%laceone1mminlinedri3lateralatthecentero;the#edhaving

emitting3ointsat

ever*50cminterval

:ithdischargerate

o;

2

ltr9hr

or

4

ltr9hr.Runthedri3s*stem

to check each

emitting3oint;or

uni;ormdischarge

#e;orecoveringthe

#eds:ith3ol*thenemulch.


13/31

6

10.4ulchin!and'pacin!

Black3ol*eth*lenenonrec*cledmulch;ilmo;50100micronthick

1.2m:ideisusedtocoverthe3lanting#eds."oleso;/cmdiameter

are

made

on

the3ol*eth*lene;ilmas

3er the

recommended

s3acing

(4/cm

6

50cm).The3lanting

#eds

are

covered:ith

the

;ilm

#*

securing

the

edges

o;thesheet;irml*inthesoil.$ulching3racticeconserves:atercontrols

:eeds reduces in;estationo;3estsanddiseasesand results inhigher

*ieldandgood@ualit*3roduce.

11.

&ransplantin!

The3lanting

#edsare:ateredto

;ieldca3acit*#e;ore

trans3lanting.

Seedlingso;505/

da*s

old

are

used

;ortrans3lanting.


14/31

themulched#edsdail*duringa;ternoon#*usinghose3i3e;ora:eek

continuousl*isessentialtoavoidmortalit*duetoheattra33ed#*mulch

sheet.

12.Prunin!


15/31

11


16/31

management inca3sicumaregiven#elo:.Themaor ;ocushas#een

givenonado3tiono;integrateda33roachinmanaging3estsanddiseases

thathel3toreducethe3esticideloadcosto;chemicalsandavoidthe

resurgenceo;3estsanddiseases.

1-.1.

"nsect

Pest

and

4ana!ement

1.

&hrips

'ymptoms:Thri3scauseu3:ardcurlingo;leavessuckssa3andreduce

lea;

gro:th

3lant

gro:th*ieldand

marketvalueo;

3roduce.

!t

also

reduceslea;area

and hinders

a#sor3tion o;

nutrientsand:ater

#* the 3lants.

!ncreased

in;estation

leads

to

#lackening

and

dr*ing

o;

leaves

andirregular;ruit#earing.

4ana!ement:

Remove

a;;ected

3lant

3arts

including

leaves

;lo:ers

and;ruits.'ee3the3lotsclean#*removingallthedro33ed3lant3arts.

S3ra*%ongamiaoil(/ml9-)orNeemseedskernele6tract(NS'E

4C)or%ongamia9Neemsoa3develo3ed#*!!"R(>gm9-)or;i3ronil

(1ml9-)

or

chloro3*ri3hos

(2

ml9-)

or

ace3hate

(1./g9-)

or

!midaclo3rid

(0./ml9-).Drenchingo;soilusingchloro3*ri3hos(4ml9-)orimidaclo3rid

(0./ml9-).

2.4ites

'ymptoms:

?oung

larvae

and

adults

;eed

on

leaves

#ud

and

;ruits

suck

sa3

;rom

3lant

3arts

:hich

in

turn

causes

do:n:ard

curling

o;leaves.Thesi=eo;lea;;ruitand3lantsgetsreduced;ruitand;lo:er

1(

dro3

a;;ecting

the

marketvalueo;the


17/31

3roduce.

This

3est

in;estationincreases

:ith increased

tem3erature

cou3led:ithhigh

humidit*.

4ana!ement:Removethe3estdamaged3lant3artsincludingleaves

;lo:ersand;ruitsands3ra*%ongamiaoil(/ml9-)or%ongamia9

Neemsoa3(10g9-)ordico;ol(2ml9-)or:etta#lesul3hur(2ml9-)or

a#amectin(0./ml9-l)orecomiteor3ro3argiteorchloro3hena3*r(1ml9

-)or;ena=a@uin(1ml9-).

(.

Aphids

'ymptoms:N*m3hsandadulta3hidssucksa3;romlea;veinsand

*o unger leave s

resultinginreduced

3lantgro:thand

decreasein*ield.!ts

in;estation

not

onl*

causes

curling

o;

leaves #ut also

s3reads viral

diseases.

4ana!ement:'ee3

a

close

:atch

on

the

3lants

at

regular

intervals

;or

a3hidsJ

in;estation.

S3ra*

%ongamia

9

Neem

soa3

(10

g9-)

or

imidaclo3rid(0./ml9-)orthiometho6am(0./g9-)ordimethoate(2ml9-).

,.%ruitborer

'ymptoms:+ruit#orersarever*activeduringnight.Theadultsla*

eggson;ruits;lo:ersandleavesinlargenum#erandthen*m3hsthat

1,

comeouto;eggs

;eed

on

;ruits

and

leaves causing

heav*destructiono;


18/31

cro3s

and

severel*

a;;ectsthe@ualit*

o;the3roduce.

8henever night

tem3eratureislo:

cou3led:ithcoolandhighhumidit*thein;estationisincreased.Since

eggs

are

laid

in

grou3

the

larva

also

;eeds

gregariousl*

on

leaves

at

one

3lace:hichcan#eeasil*identi;iedanddestro*ed.

4ana!ement:%ickanddestro*n*m3hsandadultinsects.enerall*

eggsarelaidandhatchingrou3s:hichiseas*toidenti;*;romadistance.

"ence

the*

should

#e

identi;ied

and

destro*ed

immediatel*.

S3ra*

thiodicar#

(1ml9-)

or

car#ar*l

(5g9-)

or

indo6car#

(1ml9-)

or

r*na6*3*r(0./ml9-)orchloro;en;ur(1./ml9-)or;i3ronil(1ml9-).!nadditiontothe

s3ra*sgro:nu3adultsshould#esu#ectedtomethom*l#aiting9:hich

isasa;ehealth*ande;;ective3ractice.

9Methomylbaitingprocedure:%re3areami6tureo;10kg3add*

huskand1kgagger*solutionand

store;orhrs.AddIkgmethom*l

to

the

mi6ture.

Small

si=ed

#alls

o;

mi6ture

are

made

:hich

are

s3read

neartheroot=oneo;the3lantsandalsoaround3ol*house9nethouseto

avoidin;estationo;;ruit#orer.!tshould#ea33liedduringnighthours

andthedomesticor3etanimalsshouldnot#eallo:edtomoveinand

aroundnet93ol*houseovernight.

-.

Nematodes

'ymptoms:Nematodesarecommonl*seeninsolanaceouscro3s:hen

gro:n54timescontinuousl*inthesame;ield.!nitiall**ello:ingo;

leaves

can

#e

o#served

;ollo:ed

#*

reduction

in

lea;

si=e

count

and

1-

drastic

reduction

insi=eo;;ruits.8hen

in;ected3lantis

u3rooted and

o#servedsmalland

#ignodes;illed:ith


19/31

large

num#er

o;

nematodesnodules

can#eo#servedon

rootsde3endingonthelevelo;in;estation.

4ana!ement:o;orcro3rotation:ithnonsolanaceouscro3slike

marigold

s:eet

corn

and

ca##age

to

avoid

nematode.

Bio3esticidesenrichedNeemcake(ase63lainedearlier)is to#ea33lied700kg9

acre4/da*s#e;oretrans3lantingtothe#eds.A33l*car#o;uran(;uradan)

granules720kg9acreatthetimeo;3lanting.'ee3aclose:atchon

nematodein;estationo;the3lants3articularl*in2ndand5

rdcro3.

Theinsecticidesshouldal:a*s#emi6ed:iths3readerorsticker

:hile

s3ra*ing.

The

3lants

;rom

to3

to

#ottom

should

come

in

contact

:ith

s3ra*

;or

#etter

result

and

care

should

#e

taken

to

com3ulsoril*

covertheentire#od*:ith;ullclothesmaskglovesanda3rons:hile

s3ra*ing.

1-.2.iseasesand4ana!ement

1.

ampin!

off'ymptoms:

!n; ection takes

3laceatthe#aseo;

the*oungseedlings

ust a#ove the

ground

level

:hichleadsto:iltingand

1

laterdeatho;seedlings.An*damagecausedtoseedlings:hile

trans3lantingcanalsoleadtodam3ingo;;orseedling:ilt#esides;resh

in;ection

in

main

;ield

or

in;ection

that

is

carried

;rom

nurser*.

4ana!ement:Drenchcar#enda=im(1g9-)ormetala6*l$L

(2g9-)or

co33ero6*chloride(5g9-)orca3tan(5g9-)drenchedtothe#aseo;the

3lantata#out2//0ml93lant.

2.Poderymilde


20/31

'ymptoms:

The

disease initiall*

a33ears

as

tin*

*ello:

s3ots

on

sur;aceo;lea;and

3o:der

like

materialon the lo:er

sur;aceleadingtoa

3o:der *gro:th

coveringtheentire

lo:er

sur;ace

o;

lea;

:hich

leads

to

dr*inganddro33ing

o;leavesatlater

stages.Thedisease

reducesgro:tho;

leavesand;ruits

leading to lo:

@ualit*

and

@uantit*

o;

the

3roduce.

4ana!ement:S3ra*%ongamia9Neemoil(>ml9-)Msul3hur8D0

(2g9-)or:etta#lesul3hur(2g9-)orhe6acona=ole(0./ml9-)or

m*clo#utanil(1g9-)ordinoca3(1ml9-)ora=o6*stro#in(0./ml9-)or

3encona=ole(0./ml9-)or;lusila=ole(0./ml9-).

1/

(.

Cercospora

leaf

spot

'ymptoms:


21/31

resultingindro33ing

o;lea;.

4ana!ement:

S3ra*chlorothalonil(2./g9-)ormanco=e#(2./g9-)or

car#enda=im(1g9-)

,.Phythopthera

'ymptoms:

This

disease a33ears

during;ruitingand

;lo:ering stage

resulting in tin*oil

likes3otonlea;

sur;ace

resulting

in

rottening and

#lackeningo;3lants.

-ater3lant:eakens

anddiesin25da*s.

"eav* and

continuousrain;alls

cou3led:ithhigh

humidit* ;avour

1

disease

a33earance

and

its

@uick

s3read.

%h*tho3thera

disease

is

relativel*moresevereinnethouses:hichma*leadto4003ercent

cro3damage.

4ana!ement:

S3ra*co33erh*dro6*chloride(5g9-)or#ordeau6

mi6ture(1C)ormetala6*l$L(2g9-)ordimethomor3hMmanco=e#(1

g

M

2./g9-)

or

;oset*l

aluminium

(2g9-)

or

a=o6*stro#in

(0./ml9-).Severel* in;ected3lant3artsshould#edestro*ed.!t is#etter toavoid

ca3sicumcultivationinseverel*a;;ectednethouses.

-.

;iral

diseases

'ymptoms:&iraldiseasesaretramsmittedthrougha3hidsandthri3s

leadingtou3:ardand


22/31

do:n:ard

curling

o;

leaves

:ith*ello:s3otinthemiddle

o;lea;andsometimeson;ruit

also."eav* in;estation leads

to

dro33ing

u3

o;

leaves

stunted

3lant

gro:th

and

reduces

@ualit*

and

@uantit*

o;

;ruits.

&irus

a;;ected

;ruits

are

unmarketa#le.

4ana!ement:ro:nurser*#edsundern*loncover(/0mesh)3ro3er

managemento;a3hidsmitesandthri3s:hichactsasdiseasetransmitting

vectorsanddis3osalo;diseased9in;ected3lantscontrolin;estationso;

viral

diseases.c*

'teps

to

be

folloeddurin!

use

of

pesticides

and

insecticides

%esticide

residues in

3roducesent

4ana!ement

of

Pesticide

$esidues

16

;ormarketingshouldnotcrossthesa;et*level($R-)o;the

res3ective

3esticides.

Al:a*s

cover

*our#od*:ith

3rotective

:ares vi=.

masksgloves

and a3ron

:hile

s3ra*ingthe

chemicals

toavoidhealth

ha=ards.

o;orcro3rotation(innet93ol*housea;tercontinuousgro:ingo;

samecro3):ith;ield93ole#eansmarigoldca##agecauli;lo:er


23/31

s:eetcornandalso:ithan*other3ro;ita#lecro3includings:eet9

Euro3eancucum#erorgreen3easas3ermarketvalue.

Thedoorso;3ol*house9nethouseshouldal:a*s#eke3tclosedto

3rotect;rom3estsdiseasesand;oreignmaterials.

$inimumnum#ero;entr*ore6ito; theessential:orkingsta;;

and

others

onl*

need

to

#e

entertained.

d*

Pesticide

residues

!n3ol*house

cultivation o;

ca3sicu m high

3lant

densit*

monocro33ing o;

susce3ti#le

genot*3es and

increased

la#our

activities make

20

3lantsmore3rone to3estsanddiseases likemites thri3s:hite;lies

3o:der*

milde:

and

nematodes.

Thus

chemical

control

o;

3ests

#ecome

necessar*ando;tenseverals3ra*so;insecticides9;ungicidesaregiven

evenatnearharveststageso;thecro3.!na3ol*housethevolatili=ation

and:inddri;tlosseso;3esticidesarelesser:hichma*resultinhigher

initialde3ositso;3esticideresiduesonthe3lantandsoil:hiledegradation

o;3esticideresiduesma*#ehigherduetohigheraveragetem3eratures.21

"nsecticide &ar!etPest 'afeaitin!

period+days*

4$+E


24/31

Alsoa3ol*housegenerall*re;lects#ack45Co;thenetsolarradiation

incidentu3on itallo:ing the transmittanceo; the3hotos*ntheticall*

activesolarradiationOintherangeo;400>00Nm:avelength.Thus

there:ill#elesser&radiationincidentu3onthecro3inagreenhouse

thanino3en;ieldinthesameareaes3eciall*i;ashadenetisalsoused.

Sincemost3esticidesare&degrada#lethereislikelihoodthat3esticides

:ill

3ersist

;or

a

longer

time.

!t

is

thus

im3ortant

to

evaluate

the

3ersistenceo;3esticideresiduesinthesecro3sunder3ol*houseconditions

so thatsa;e:aiting3eriod;or im3ortant3esticidesused in3ol*house

cultivationma*#eesta#lished.Thereisno in;ormation inthisareaat

nationallevelandver*littlein;ormationisavaila#leevenatinternational

level.!!"RBengaluruhasesta#lishedthat3esticidestendto3ersist;or

a

longer

time

in

cro3s

gro:n

in

3ol*house

:hen

com3ared

to

cro3s

gro:nino3en;ieldinthesameseason.Thusitisim3ortantthat:aiting

3eriodo;3esticides#eesta#lisheds3eci;icall*;orca3sicumgro:nunder

3ol*house

conditions

and

accordingl*

use

o;

3esticides

ma*

#e

recommended;orchemicalcontrolo;3estsinthiscro3andtomakethe

3roducesa;e;orhumanconsum3tionatharvest.iven#elo:isalisto;

sa;e:aiting3eriodo;some3esticides thathave#een:orkedout ;or

ca3sicumgro:nin3ol*house.

"o:evertherearealoto;otherinsecticidesvi=.thiametho6am

r*na6*3*r

indo6acar#

ecomite

dico;ol

;i3ronil

3ro3argite

etc.

and

;ungicidesvi=.manco=e#metala6*lhe6acona=oledimethomor3h

car#enda=imdi;enacona=olea=o6*stro#in:hichareusedinthiscro3

orarerecommended;oruse.


25/31

a#amectinetc.have#eendeterminedunder3ol*houseconditions.

1.#arvestin!andyield

Earl*morninghoursare#estsuited;orca3sicumharvest.reen

ca3sicumcan#e

harvestedat//to

0 da*s a;ter

trans3lanting*ello:

ca3sicumat>0>/

da*s:hereasred

ca3sicumat00

da*s.+ruitscan#e

harvested

once

in

5

to4da*s.?ello:andred;ruitscan#eharvested:henthe*havegained22

/003ercento;

the colour

develo3ment.

A;terharvest;ruitsshould

#eke3tincool3lace

andavoiddirect

e63osuretosunlight.

The;ruitsshould#e

handled

care;ull*

#*ado3tingcli3harvesttechni@ueandscu;;ingshould#eminimi=ed.The

average*ieldo;ca3sicum3eracreis5040tons.

1/.Post#arvest4ana!ement

1/.1)radin!


26/31

@ualit*

;ruits

are

selectedandare

cleaned:ithclean

dr*andso;tclothto

remove:aterdro3sor:etnessor3o:der*residueso;3esticides9

;ungicidesi;an*;oundonthe;ruits.ood@ualit*;ruits:ith25lo#es

:eighing

1/0

gram

are

graded

as

B

grade

;ruits.

ood

@ualit*

;ruits

:ithuni;ormmaturit*colorsha3esi=eand ;ree ;romde;ectss3ots

#ruisesordeca*and3esticideresiduesshould#eused;or3acking:hile

;ruitssho:ingsignso;sunscaldmechanicalorinsectdamageordiseased

missha3edanddamaged;ruitsshould#ediscarded.enerall*;ruits:ith

54lo#es:eighing1/0gramandmorearegrou3edasAgrade;ruits.

2(

nl*thegraded;ruitsare3ackedinthecartoon#o6es.

1/.2.

Pac3in!

and

stora!e

raded;ruitsshould#e3ackedin3l*thick)in

single

or

in

multi3le

la*ers

:ith

3a3er

shreds

as

cushioning

material

;orlong distance

trans3ort. The

o3timumconditions

;or storage o;

ca3sicum is>P0P


28/31

;ertili=ers

like

%SB

Aospirillum

Aotoacter,

etc.

to

enhance

soilhealth.

An*damageo;netor3ol*sheetinthestructureshould#e

immediatel*re3airedto3revententr*o;3estsanddiseases.

The3ol*house9nethouseshouldhavedou#ledoors*stem:hichis

2-

the

sa;est

:a*

to

3revent

the

entr*

o;

3ests

and

diseases.

The

doorsshould#econstructed3re;era#l*a:a*;romroadside.

Seedlingsraisedin3rotra*shaveto#etrans3lanted:ithin505/

da*s

a;ter

so:ing

on

the

main

raised

3lanting

#eds

(192

;t

a#ove

thegroundlevel).

Regular3runinghasto#e;ollo:edtoretaint:othirdhealth*

#ranches

and

retain

one

;ruit

:ith

good

sha3e

and

si=e

in

each

#ranchandremovede;ormed;ruitsi;an*ataver*earl*stage.

Branches

are

3ro3erl*

tied

:ith

3lastic

t:ine

and

other

end

tied

tothesu33orting!gridtogivestrongsu33ortandtoavoid#reakage

o;#ranches9;ruits.

Dri3irrigationand;ertigationschedulesshould#e;ollo:edregularl*.

Avoid3estsanddiseaseincidence;orado3ting3ro3h*lactic

measures.

se

3ro3er

and

recommended

@uantit*

and

dosage

o;

3esticides

and

insecticides

to

control

the

incidence.

$aintainh*gieneconditioningreenhouseanddis3oseo;;therotten

;allenandin;ected3lantde#ris9;ruitsandregularl*3re;era#l*

ever*da*duringeveninghoursa;tercom3letingalltheo3erations

o;theda*.seclean3lastic#agstocollectandcarr*thesematerials

tothe3laceo;dis3osaltoavoidthes3reado;in;ection.


29/31

?ieldshouldconstitute/03ercento;Agrade;ruits(54lo#es

1/010gms).De;ormedand irregularsha3ed;ruitsare3inched

outat*oungerstageand;ruits:ith/0>03ercentcolourshould

#eharvestedgradedand3acked3ro3erl*.

2(2

&able

1.

ist

of

some

of

the

pesticides

and

chemicals

used

in

commercialcultivationofcapsicum

'l.No. Chemicals %ormulations &radenames8Products

A Pesticides

1 !midachlo3rid 200

S-9

1>.C

S-.C %otent

(S!)

5/. Su3er

2 +i3ronil /E< Regent

5 /CS% DhruvtaraStar:in

/ Dico;ol 1./C

E< +atal

( /8% -arvin

14


30/31

1

$anco=e#

>/8%

Dithane$4/

!ndo;il

$4/

2/

2

'l.No. Chemicals %ormulations &radenames8Products

5

4

/

>

10

11

12

15

14

1/

1

1>

1

$*clo#utanil

"e6acona=ole


31/31

Capsicum Technical Bulletin

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