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CANADIAN ROCKS & MINERALS

Joanne Richter

Scholastic Canada Ltd.604 King Street West, Toronto, Ontario M5V 1E1, Canada

Scholastic Inc.557 Broadway, New York, NY 10012, USA

Scholastic Australia Pty LimitedPO Box 579, Gosford, NSW 2250, Australia

Scholastic New Zealand LimitedPrivate Bag 94407, Botany, Manukau 2163, New Zealand

Scholastic Children’s BooksEuston House, 24 Eversholt Street, London NW1 1DB, UK

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ISBN 978-1-4431-6385-9

BOX: Photos ©: background: Kdshutterman/Dreamstime; text background: Tortoon/Shutterstock; Granite: Zelenskaya/Shutterstock; Tourmaline: Stellar Infinity/Bigstock; Selenite: vvoennyy/123RF; Quartz Sandstone: Siim Sepp/123RF; Smoky Quartz: bjphotographs/Shutterstock; Brecciated Jasper: vvoe/Shutterstock; blue sodalite: vvoe/Shutterstock; Beryl: Nastya81/Dreamstime; Amazonite: Yury Kosourov/Dreamstime; Nephrite Jade: Gennady Gorobets/Dreamstime; Amethyst: Amnachphoto/Dreamstime; Dolomite: vvoe/Shutterstock; Chalcopyrite: vvoe/Shutterstock; Labradorite: Cagla Acikgoz/Shutterstock. POSTER: Photos ©: front background: Okea/iStockphoto; front text background: Tortoon/Shutterstock; front top left: vvoennyy/123RF; front top center: Amnachphoto/Dreamstime; front center right: Cagla Acikgoz/Shutterstock; front center left: S_E/Shutterstock; front bottom right: Jiri Vaclavek/123RF; front bottom left: Vitaly Raduntsev/Shutterstock; front top right: Karynf/Shutterstock; front bottom center: Martina Osmy/Dreamstime; back map: Tatiana Nikolaevna Kalashnikova/Dreamstime; back Halite: Jiri Vaclavek/123RF; back Diamond: stellargems/123RF; back Ammolite: Linnas/Shutterstock; back Barite: Bjoern Wylezich/123RF; back Spodumene: Karynf/Shutterstock; back Emerald: S_E/Shutterstock; back Copper: pixelman/Bigstock; back Wolframite: vvoe/Shutterstock; back Galena: Jiri Vaclavek/Shutterstock; back Fluorite: bjphotographs/Shutterstock; back Magnetite: Vitaly Raduntsev/Shutterstock; back Sodalite: vvoe/Shutterstock; back Sandstone: Siim Sepp/123RF. BOOK: Photos ©: cover top left-back cover top right: S_E/Shutterstock; cover-back cover background: Kdshutterman/Dreamstime; cover text background: Tortoon/Shutterstock; cover bottom right: Cagla Acikgoz/Shutterstock; cover bottom left-back cover bottom right: Amnachphoto/Dreamstime; back cover top left: Stellar Infinity/Bigstock; back cover bottom left: vvoe/Shutterstock; cover top right: Zelenskaya/Shutterstock; 4-5 background: blamb/iStockphoto; 4 right: V J Matthew/Shutterstock; 4 left: Lisay/iStockphoto; 5 right: enter89/iStockphoto; 6-7 background: titonz/123RF; 7 center: mapichai/Shutterstock; 8 bottom: www.sandatlas.org/Shutterstock; 8-9 background: Vladislav Gajic/123RF; 9 bottom: Supot Suebwongsa /123RF; 9 top: steve estvanik/Shutterstock; 10 bottom: Epitavi/Bigstock; 10 top: hanohiki/Shutterstock; 11 bottom left: Mykola Davydenko/123RF; 11 center: vvoe/Shutterstock; 11 bottom right and throughout: Vladimir Blinov/Dreamstime; 11 top: Cagla Acikgoz/Shutterstock; 12 bottom: Zigzagmtart/Dreamstime; 12 top: gjohnstonphoto/iStockphoto; 13 top: Daisy Daisy/Shutterstock; 13 bottom left: DurhamCreations/iStockphoto; 14 top: Josef Kriehuber/Collection Peter Geymayer/Wikimedia; 14 center: brunorbs/iStockphoto; 15 left: miquang/123RF; 15 right: Iurii Stepanov/Shutterstock; 16 Halite: Jiri Vaclavek/123RF; 16-17 background: Tatiana Nikolaevna Kalashnikova/Dreamstime; 16 Diamond: stellargems/123RF; 16 Ammolite: Linnas/Shutterstock; 16 Barite: Bjoern Wylezich/123RF; 16 Spodumene: Karynf/Shutterstock; 16 Emerald: S_E/Shutterstock; 17 Copper: pixelman/Bigstock; 17 Wolframite: vvoe/Shutterstock; 17 Galena: Jiri Vaclavek/Shutterstock; 17 Fluorite: bjphotographs/Shutterstock; 17 Magnetite: Vitaly Raduntsev/Shutterstock; 17 Sodalite: vvoe/Shutterstock; 17 Sandstone: Siim Sepp/123RF; 18 bottom: Yellow Cat/Shutterstock; 18 top: Amnachphoto/Dreamstime; 19 center: Radius Images/Getty Images; 19 top: vvoe/Shutterstock; 20 bottom: Zhaoyanstock/Dreamstime; 20 center: Bounder32h/Dreamstime; 20 top: Gennady Gorobets/Dreamstime; 21 bottom: Antonio Oquias/Dreamstime; 21 top: bjphotographs/Shutterstock; 22 bottom: Suranga Weeratunga/Dreamstime; 22 top: Cagla Acikgoz/Shutterstock; 23 bottom: V J Matthew/Shutterstock; 23 top: Siim Sepp/123RF; 24 bottom: Phillip Minnis/Dreamstime; 24 top: vvoe/Shutterstock; 25 bottom: Ittichal Anusarn/123RF; 25 center: Natalia Oskanova/Dreamstime; 25 top: vvoennyy/123RF; 26 top: Nastya81/Dreamstime; 27 bottom: Green_cat/Dreamstime; 27 top: Yury Kosourov/Dreamstime; 28 top: vvoe/Shutterstock; 28 bottom: pixelman/Bigstock; 29 bottom: Martina Osmy/Dreamstime; 29 top: Stellar Infinity/Bigstock; 30 bottom: Gordon Wiltsie/Getty Images; 30 top: Zelenskaya/Shutterstock; 31 top: Baloncici/Shutterstock; 31 border: vvoe/Shutterstock.

Text by Joanne Richter. Design and layout by Yvonne Lam.

Copyright © 2018 by Scholastic Canada Ltd.All rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, recording, or otherwise, without written permission of the publisher, Scholastic Canada

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5 4 3 2 1 Printed in China 18 19 20 21 22

Deep underground, a lot of heat and pressure can do amazing things to plain old rock. It can create mineral crystals that are extra hard and clear as glass, and often brightly coloured. These minerals are loved for their beauty. When they’re cut and polished, they’re known as gems.

Nearly every mineral grows into crystals — given enough room, and a lot of time. There are many different crystal shapes. Some crystals look like a bunch of grapes. Others look like pick-up sticks, or chunky building blocks. The shapes of crystals help scientists tell minerals apart.

CRYSTAL

GEM

Not every gem is made of minerals. Pearls come from oysters, amber forms from fossilized tree resin and ammolite is made from fossilized shells!

Gems 101:

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Every rock tells a story. Once you get to know the story of each of the 13 rocks and minerals in this kit, you can start to build your collection!

Mineral shows, museums and gem stores are good places to find new samples, but you can also find and identify lots of interesting rocks right in your backyard.

Be a Rockhound!

Then try to learn as much as you can about your sample. Where was it found? How was it formed? How old is it? Write down what you know. Make a label for each sample. You can keep your rocks and minerals in an egg carton, jewellery box or small tackle box.

Here are some questions to help you identify a mineral:

What colour is it?

How hard is it?

Does light shine through it?

If it’s been polished, is it shiny or dull?

If you can see the mineral’s crystal shape, what shape is it?

When you find a new sample, clean it outdoors. Use water and an old, soft toothbrush.

Tidy up!

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