Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge … · 2020. 1. 21. · The Rampal coal...
28
This document consists of 27 printed pages and 1 blank page. DC (CE) 181758 © UCLES 2019 [Turn over *2420203970* BANGLADESH STUDIES 7094/02 Paper 2 Environment and Development of Bangladesh May/June 2019 1 hour 30 minutes Candidates answer on the Question Paper. No Additional Materials are required. READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your centre number, candidate number and name in the boxes above. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any sketch maps, diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is required, you should use the lined page at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown. Answer three questions. You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on each question. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge Ordinary Level
Transcript of Cambridge Assessment International Education Cambridge … · 2020. 1. 21. · The Rampal coal...
This document consists of 27 printed pages and 1 blank page.
DC (CE) 181758© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
*2420203970*
BANGLADESH STUDIES 7094/02Paper 2 Environment and Development of Bangladesh May/June 2019 1 hour 30 minutesCandidates answer on the Question Paper.No Additional Materials are required.
READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST
Write your centre number, candidate number and name in the boxes above.Write in dark blue or black pen.You may use an HB pencil for any sketch maps, diagrams or graphs.Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid.DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES.
Write your answer to each question in the space provided.If additional space is required, you should use the lined page at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown.
Answer three questions.You are advised to spend about 30 minutes on each question.The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.
Cambridge Assessment International EducationCambridge Ordinary Level
2
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
Answer three questions.
1 (a) Study Fig. 1.1, a map showing the location of hills in Bangladesh.
Key
hills
N
0 50 100km
Fig. 1.1
(i) Use Fig. 1.1 to describe the location of the hill areas in Bangladesh.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
3
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
(ii) What are the main physical characteristics of the hill areas of Bangladesh?
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
(b) Study Fig. 1.2, a diagram which shows a lowland river and delta.
distributaries
Keylabelled featuresdeltaoxbow lakedistributariesmeanderflood plain
Fig. 1.2
(i) Complete the diagram by adding the labels from the key in the correct place, on Fig. 1.2. One has been completed for you. [4]
4
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
(ii) Explain how a delta is formed.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
(iii) Name two large rivers which join together to form the Bengal Delta.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................. [2]
(c) Inland fishing accounts for 70% of the total annual fish production in Bangladesh. The other 30% is marine fishing.
(i) Complete Fig. 1.3, to show the percentage of each type of fishing.
0 10 20 30 40 50%
60 70 80 90 100
Key
inland
marine
[2]
Fig. 1.3
(ii) Suggest two reasons why there are large numbers of fish in the Bay of Bengal.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
5
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
(d) Study the two statements below.
A ‘Using more large mechanised fishing boats (trawlers) is the best way to increase fish production in Bangladesh.’
B ‘Developing aquaculture (fish farming) is the best way to increase fish production in Bangladesh.’
(i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 25]
6
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
2 (a) Study Fig. 2.1, which shows the summer monsoon.
998 mb
40°S
40°N
23½°S
0°
23½°NLOW
HIGH
Winds
KeyPressuresystems
1018 mb
60°N
Fig. 2.1
(i) What is a monsoon climate?
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Use Fig. 2.1 to help you explain why heavy rain occurs in summer in Bangladesh.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
7
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
(b) Study Fig. 2.2, which shows the climate in Rajshahi.
0Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
temperature(°C)
rainfall(mm)
50
100
150
0
10
20
30
40
200
250
300
Fig. 2.2
(i) How does the temperature in Rajshahi change over the year?
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) Complete the rainfall bars for Rajshahi on Fig. 2.2, using the data from Table 2.1. January to June have been completed for you. [3]
Table 2.1 Rajshahi rainfall (mm)
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
10 15 25 40 130 270 300 260 235 110 15 5
8
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
(c) Study Fig. 2.3, which shows drought areas in Bangladesh.
Key
severe drought
moderate drought
N0 50 100
km
Fig. 2.3
(i) What is meant by the term severe drought?
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
9
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
(ii) Use Fig. 2.3 to describe the location of areas of severe drought in Bangladesh.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(iii) What are the main causes of drought?
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(d) One effect of drought is rural to urban migration. Describe other push factors that cause people to leave the Bangladesh countryside and move to cities.
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
...................................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................. [4]
10
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
(e) Study the statement below.
‘The climate of Bangladesh brings not only damaging droughts but also the life-giving monsoon to rural areas.’
(i) Give one piece of evidence to support the view that droughts cause problems for rural areas in Bangladesh.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give one piece of evidence to support the view that the monsoon ‘gives life’ to rural areas in Bangladesh.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) In your opinion, are the benefits of the life-giving monsoon greater than the problems caused by drought? Give reasons for your answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 25]
11
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
3 (a) Study Fig. 3.1, which shows the location of coal mining areas and the Sundarbans mangrove forest in Bangladesh.
Key
Sundarbans mangrove forest
coal mining areas
N0 50 100
km
Fig. 3.1
(i) Use Fig. 3.1 to describe the distribution of coal mining areas in Bangladesh.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(ii) What is coal used for in Bangladesh?
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
12
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
(b) (i) Use Fig. 3.1 to help you describe the location of the Sundarbans mangrove forest.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Describe the main physical characteristics of the Sundarbans.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
(c) Study Fig. 3.2, a newspaper article about a threat to the Sundarbans mangrove forest.
UN tells Bangladesh to halt mangrove-threatening coal power station19 October 2016
The UN has made an urgent call to stop the construction of a coal power station in Bangladesh. The power station could damage the Sundarbans mangrove forest, where up to 450 Bengal tigers live.
The Rampal coal power station, which is 65 km north of the Sundarbans, could cause water and air pollution to the mangrove forest.
Ships carrying coal through the mangrove reserve could cause damage which would threaten the breeding grounds of the endangered Ganges river dolphins.
Fig. 3.2
(i) According to the article, which two species are under threat?
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
13
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
(ii) Explain how the development of power stations can cause pollution.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
(iii) Explain how climate change and agriculture are causing serious threats to the Sundarbans mangrove forest.
Climate change .................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
Agriculture .........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
14
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
(d) Study Table 3.1, which shows electricity generation from renewable energy sources in Bangladesh.
Table 3.1
electricity generation (GWh)
year hydro-electric (HEP) solar wind
2003 750 0 0
2013 890 130 10
0
100
2003 2013
200
300
400
500
600electricitygeneration
(GWh)
year
700
800
900
1000
1100 Key
wind
solar
hydro-electric (HEP)
Fig. 3.3
Use the data from Table 3.1, to complete a divided bar graph for 2013, on Fig. 3.3. [2]
15
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
(e) Study the two statements below.
A ‘The development of coal resources in Bangladesh is the best way to guarantee its future energy supply.’
B ‘The development of renewable energy in Bangladesh is the best way to guarantee its future energy supply.’
(i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 25]
16
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
4 (a) (i) Why are some rural people in Bangladesh landless?
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
(ii) What are the results of becoming landless for people in Bangladesh?
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
17
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
(b) Study Fig. 4.1, a statement about the reduction of poverty in Bangladesh.
Bangladesh has made great progress in reducing poverty. Based on the international poverty line of $1.90 per person per day, poverty in Bangladesh fell from 44.2% in 1991 to 18.5% in 2010, and then to 12.9% in 2016.
Fig. 4.1
Use the information in Fig. 4.1 to complete Fig. 4.2. 1991 has been completed for you. [2]
Key% belowpoverty line
0
10
20
30
40
50% belowpoverty
line
1991 2010year
2016
60
70
80
90
100
Fig. 4.2
18
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
(c) Study Fig. 4.3, which shows the growth rate of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Bangladesh 2007–16. GDP is one of the main indicators of a country’s development.
0.0
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5GDP
growth rate(%)
year
7.0
7.5
8.0
8.5
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Fig. 4.3
(i) Describe the main changes shown in Fig. 4.3.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
19
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
(ii) Explain the impact that continued economic growth may have on poverty and quality of life in Bangladesh.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
(iii) Name one indicator, other than GDP, that is used to measure human development in Bangladesh and explain what it measures.
Name of indicator ..............................................................................................................
What it measures ..............................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
(d) Study Table 4.1, which shows information about internet and telecommunications in Bangladesh in 2016.
Table 4.1
mobile phone users active internet users
population (millions) 132 62
population (%) 83 39
(i) Compare the number of mobile phone users with active internet users in 2016.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Suggest how the number of mobile phone users and active internet users will change by 2020. Use data from Table 4.1 to support your answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [2]
20
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
(e) Study the two statements below.
A ‘Job creation is Bangladesh’s top development priority.’
B ‘Improving education is Bangladesh’s top development priority.’
(i) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement A.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give one piece of evidence which supports statement B.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) Which statement do you agree with the most? Give reasons for your answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 25]
21
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
5 (a) Study Fig. 5.1, which shows total population change in Bangladesh.
01990 2000 2010 2020
year2030 2040 2050
100
110
120
130
140
150population(millions)
160
170
180
190
200
210Key
actual
projected
Fig. 5.1
(i) Complete the graph, Fig. 5.1, using the data below, to show the projected population in Bangladesh from 2030 to 2050.
2030 186 million 2040 196 million 2050 202 million [3]
22
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
(ii) Suggest benefits and problems for Bangladesh of continued population growth.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
23
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
TURN OVER FOR QUESTION 5(b)
24
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
(b) Study Fig. 5.2, which shows the changes in population growth rates for Bangladesh, Pakistan and India between 2000 and 2015.
0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2000 2005 2010year
populationgrowth rate
(%)
2015
Key
Pakistan
Bangladesh
India
Fig. 5.2
(i) How is population growth rate calculated?
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
25
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019 [Turn over
(ii) Compare Bangladesh’s population growth rate with that of Pakistan and that of India as shown in Fig. 5.2.
Comparison with Pakistan ..................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
Comparison with India ........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [4]
(iii) Suggest reasons why Bangladesh’s population growth rate has decreased.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [5]
(c) Most people in Bangladesh work in the informal sector.
(i) What is the informal sector?
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give two examples of jobs in the informal service sector.
1 ........................................................................................................................................
2 .................................................................................................................................. [2]
26
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
(d) Study the statement below.
‘Having a large number of jobs in the informal sector has many benefits for Bangladesh.’
(i) Give one piece of evidence which supports this statement.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(ii) Give one piece of evidence against this statement.
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [1]
(iii) How far do you agree with the statement? Give reasons for your answer.
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................... [3]
[Total: 25]
27
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
Additional Page
If you use the following lined page to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown.
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................................
28
7094/02/M/J/19© UCLES 2019
Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.
To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.
Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.
BLANK PAGE
