Cabin Air Filter Testing Norms & StandardsVIAQ 17-12Ulrich Stahl

Content

11/4/20192 VIAQ 17-12

Cabin air filter norms and standards

● ISO 11155-1 & DIN 71460-1 Particle filter testing (Fractional collection efficiency)

● ISO 11155-2 & DIN 71460-2 Gas adsorption filter testing

● DIN 71460-3 Particle filter testing (Particulate Matter PMx efficiency) Draft

● EN 15695-2 Agricultural tractors - Protection of the driver against hazardous substances

Cabin air filter non-standard testing

● Real environment testing

ISO 11155-1 & DIN 71460-1: Particle filter testing

11/4/20193 VIAQ 17-12

DIN 71460-1 test rig

● Filter pressure loss

● Fractional efficiency A1-A4 dust (solid)

● Fractional efficiency NaCl (solid)

● Fractional efficiency DEHS (liquid)

● Dust holding capacity A1-A4 dust (solid)

● Standard specifies only the testing procedure

ISO 11155-1 & DIN 71460-1: Particle filter testing

11/4/20194 VIAQ 17-12

ISO 11155-2 & DIN 71460-2: Gas adsorption filtertesting

11/4/20195 VIAQ 17-12

DIN 71460-2 test rig

● Filter pressure loss

● Key test substances:

● Toluene, n-butane, SO2, acetaldehyde,

● NO, NO2, NH3, Ozone

● Many more test substances are available

● Measurement of:

● Gas breakthrough (adsorption efficiency) vs time

● Total gas adsorption capacity

● Gas desorption

● Standard specifies only the testing procedure

ISO 11155-2 & DIN 71460-2: Gas adsorption filtertesting - examples

11/4/20196 VIAQ 17-12

n-butane breakthrough curve

toluene breakthrough curve

NO2

breakthroughcurve

● Real environmental concentrations are in theppb range

● Test gas concentrations are in the 30-80 ppm range

DIN 71460-3: Particulate Matter PMx efficiency testingdraft - example

11/4/20197 VIAQ 17-12

Test procedure Test rig DIN 71460-1

Aerosol DEHS

Aerosol spectrometer optical diameter 0.3 – 10 µm, e.g. welas

Generator two-component jet or laskin nozzle, e.g. ATM 220

Calculation based on the cumulative particle concentration

up- and downstream

● Standard specifies only the testing procedure

Gravimetrical determination of PM2.5

• One-stage separator acc.

DIN EN 12341: 2014-08

• Volume flow: 2,3 m3/h

• Sample size: d=45 mm

DIN 71460-3: Particulate Matter PMxWhat is the meaning of PM2.5?

8

PM2.5 acc. DIN EN 12341:2014• Atmospheric aerosol, sized through a

standardized sampling inlet, with a partition ratio of 50% for particles with aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 2.5 μm.

• PM2.5 is based on the high risk respirable particle fraction according DIN EN 12341:2014.

11/4/2019 VIAQ 17-12

Particulate Matter:WHO Guidelines

9

Source:

11/4/2019 VIAQ 17-12

Particulate Matter:European Environment Agency – Air quality standards

10 11/4/2019 VIAQ 17-12

EN 15695-2: agricultural tractors cabin air quality

11/4/201911 VIAQ 17-12

• Human health protectionstandard

• Cabins are categorizedregarding the type ofdriver protection

• Standard specifies thevalues for air quality, not only test procedures

Non-standard tests: real environment testingIn-car testing

11/4/201912 VIAQ 17-12

● In-car measurement with mobile particle counter devices

● VOC gas concentration measurement with e.g. Photoionisation devices ormulti-pixel digital gas sensors

● NOx/NO2 gas concentration measurement with e.g chemiluminescenceanalyzer

Non-standard tests: real environment testingIn-car testing – Fresh air HVAC mode

11/4/201913 VIAQ 17-12

● In-car PM2.5 particleconcentrations whiledriving through a tunnel –with and without cabin airfilter

Inside tunnel

Without cabin air filter

With cabin air filter

Non-standard tests: real environment testingIn-car testing – Fresh air mode with cabin air filter

11/4/201914 VIAQ 17-12

Non-standard tests: real environment testingIn-car testing – Recirculation mode with cabin air filter

11/4/201915 VIAQ 17-12

Non-standard tests: real environment testingIn-car testing – Road test in Italy

QUATTRORUOTE and Freudenberg FiltrationTechnologies agreed to conduct the PM in-car road test in some of the cities listed by Legambiente report 2018, out of those most polluted: Torino, Milano, Cremona.

In each town it has been identified a «route» corresponding to ax. 20-25 min driving time, passingclose to the official PM monitoring stations of ARPA (regional environment agency) that were mentioned in the Legambiente report.

Traffic conditions: the test has been conducted duringregular traffic conditions, avoiding «rush hour», in orderto have repeatable and then comparable differenttesting conditions.

16 11/4/2019 VIAQ 17-12

The test – the routes

11/4/201917

12/02/2018 Torino: PM stations«Grassi and Rebaudengo» suburbs area

15/02/2018 Milano: PM station «Senato» city area

16/02/2018 Cremona: PM station «Fatebenefratelli» partly in the city ring and partly close to city

city

cityVIAQ 17-12

Non-standard tests: real environment testingIn-car testing – Road test in ItalyIn-Car Test rig:

1. Tube adaptor on one air inlet in the car interior (all others closed)

2. Small pipe connection to Palas Fidasmobile

3. The Palas Fidas mobile sucks the sampled air by a pump. It measuresand displays in real time the concentration of PM10, PM2.5, PM1.0 (µg/m3) in the sampled air. Sampling time set up at 1 s.

Ventilation System setup: max airflow, front mode. AC off. T= 21°C.

18

1

2

3

11/4/2019 VIAQ 17-12

Non-standard tests: real environment testingIn-car testing – Road test in Italy – Cremona results

19

11/4/2019 VIAQ 17-1219

Non-standard tests: real environment testingIn-car testing – Road test in Italy – final conclusionThe «High Efficiency OE particle filter» isshowing the best road test performance against the «Coarse» and the «Fine» PM. In all cases of outside pollution levels metduring the in-car road tests, the air entering the car was «washed» and the concentration of PM10, PM2.5 and PM1.0 was drastically reduced to levels aroundthe 10µg/m3, far below the upper limittargets of 25 µg/m3, by WHO and EEA (average values). The design criteria and technical specification target of best performance in the range of particles > 1.0 µm is clearly fulfilled. They offer thenalready a very good protection from PM1.0 smaller particles.

20

The «High Efficiency OE Activated carbon filter», is showingvery good performance against the «Coarse» and the «Fine» Fine Dusts. In all cases of outside pollution levels met duringthe in-car road tests, the air entering the car had a PM concentration below the upper limit targets of 25 µg/m3, by WHO and EEA (average values).

It provides then already a very good protection from PM1.0 smaller particles (that are the main share of particles left in the air). The Activated Carbon layer integrated in the filter, provides as additional feature, protection from harmful gaseslike, to mention, Hydrocarbons, NOx, SO2, Ozone, Smellsand other gases. The additional 4th layer, provides protectionfrom allergens. The thicker media, takes to a slightly smallerfiltering area, that translates into a slightly lower fine dustperformance vs the High Efficiency OE particle filter.

11/4/2019 VIAQ 17-12

11/4/201921

Thank you!

Find out more about us atwww.freudenberg-filter.com

www.micronairblue.com