Fundamentals Overview

1. Geometrical Optics ()

1.1 Reflection1.2 Refraction

2. Wave Optics ()2.1 Reflection2.2 Refraction2.3 Diffraction2.4 Interference

3. Quantum Optics3.1 Absorption3.2 Emission

4. Statistical Optics

[1] Eugene Hecht, Optics, Addison Wesley Co., New York 2001.[2] W. Lauterborn, T. Kurz, M. Wiesenfeldt, Coherent Optics,

Fundamentals and Applications. Springer Verlag, Berlin 2003.

Geometrical Optics ()

Reflection - 1

Angle of Incident = Angle of Reflection

i r =

i r

Incident Light Reflected Light

Reflection - 2

Refraction

Snells Law

sin sini i t tn n =

cnv

=

Refraction

Prism

MirrorIncident Light Reflected Light

i r

Incident Light Reflected Light

i r

Fermats Principle - 1

AB

AB

Fermats Principle - 2Light, in going from point S to P, traverses the route having the smallest optical path length.

Gladstone and Dale:(experimentally)

1n

p RT=

11nT

Techniques of Flow Visualization

Shadow

Principle of Shadow Technique

Light Source

LensFilm

Test SectionLens

Lens

The Variation of Distribution of Density, the Variation of index of Refraction.

Schlieren

Principle of Schlieren Technique

Light Source

LensFilm

Test Section

EdgeLensLens

Focus

dIdx

Principle of Schlieren Technique

Color Schlieren

Experimental Setup of Color Schlieren Technique

Shock Waves

Shock/Boundary Layer Interaction

Shock/Boundary Layer Interaction

Flow

Shock Waves in Supersonic Flow

Flow

Shock Waves in Transonic Flow

Flow

Two Dimensional Photography

Parallel Light

Heat Flux

Laser Schlieren

DiffractionParallel Plane Light Waves

Wave Optics ()

E E

B B

E E

B B

E B

F qE maF qvB maF aE cF vB v ac v a a

= == =

= = =

E cB=

Harmonic Waves

sin( )A kx t = +

: (Wave Number)k : (Wave Length) :(Angular Frequency) : (Frequency) : (Period) : (Initial Phase)

2k

=

2 2

= =

Harmonic Waves

sin sin( 2 ) = sin sin( )x x =

Wave

1. Wave Length( )nm

2. Frequency1( )

secf

3. Phase(deg)

Frequency

v fvf

=

=

Wave Length

v fvf

=

=

Reflection

Refraction

Diffraction - 1

coherent

Diffraction - 2

Interference - 1

coherent

Interference - 2

Quantum Optics

Quantum Optics

Energy of Photon E h=

Absorption and Emission