Fundamentals Overview
1. Geometrical Optics ()
1.1 Reflection1.2 Refraction
2. Wave Optics ()2.1 Reflection2.2 Refraction2.3 Diffraction2.4 Interference
3. Quantum Optics3.1 Absorption3.2 Emission
4. Statistical Optics
[1] Eugene Hecht, Optics, Addison Wesley Co., New York 2001.[2] W. Lauterborn, T. Kurz, M. Wiesenfeldt, Coherent Optics,
Fundamentals and Applications. Springer Verlag, Berlin 2003.
Geometrical Optics ()
Reflection - 1
Angle of Incident = Angle of Reflection
i r =
i r
Incident Light Reflected Light
Reflection - 2
Refraction
Snells Law
sin sini i t tn n =
cnv
=
Refraction
Prism
MirrorIncident Light Reflected Light
i r
Incident Light Reflected Light
i r
Fermats Principle - 1
AB
AB
Fermats Principle - 2Light, in going from point S to P, traverses the route having the smallest optical path length.
Gladstone and Dale:(experimentally)
1n
p RT=
11nT
Techniques of Flow Visualization
Shadow
Principle of Shadow Technique
Light Source
LensFilm
Test SectionLens
Lens
The Variation of Distribution of Density, the Variation of index of Refraction.
Schlieren
Principle of Schlieren Technique
Light Source
LensFilm
Test Section
EdgeLensLens
Focus
dIdx
Principle of Schlieren Technique
Color Schlieren
Experimental Setup of Color Schlieren Technique
Shock Waves
Shock/Boundary Layer Interaction
Shock/Boundary Layer Interaction
Flow
Shock Waves in Supersonic Flow
Flow
Shock Waves in Transonic Flow
Flow
Two Dimensional Photography
Parallel Light
Heat Flux
Laser Schlieren
DiffractionParallel Plane Light Waves
Wave Optics ()
E E
B B
E E
B B
E B
F qE maF qvB maF aE cF vB v ac v a a
= == =
= = =
E cB=
Harmonic Waves
sin( )A kx t = +
: (Wave Number)k : (Wave Length) :(Angular Frequency) : (Frequency) : (Period) : (Initial Phase)
2k
=
2 2
= =
Harmonic Waves
sin sin( 2 ) = sin sin( )x x =
Wave
1. Wave Length( )nm
2. Frequency1( )
secf
3. Phase(deg)
Frequency
v fvf
=
=
Wave Length
v fvf
=
=
Reflection
Refraction
Diffraction - 1
coherent
Diffraction - 2
Interference - 1
coherent
Interference - 2
Quantum Optics
Quantum Optics
Energy of Photon E h=
Absorption and Emission
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