BUNGA KASTURI EMPAT

8/7/2019 BUNGA KASTURI EMPAT

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INTRODUCTION TO TANKERS

Ship transport is watercraft carrying people (passengers) or goods (cargo). Sea transporthas been the largest carrier of freight throughout recorded history. Although the importance ofsea travel for passengers has decreased due to aviation, it is effective for short trips and pleasure

cruises. Transport by water is cheaper than transport by air.

Ship transport can be over any distance by boat, ship, sailboat or barge, over oceans andlakes, through canals or along rivers. Shipping may be for commerce, recreation or the military.Virtually any material that can be moved, can be moved by water, however water transportbecomes impractical when material delivery is highly time-critical. "General cargo" is goodspackaged in boxes, cases, pallets, and barrels. Containerization revolutionized ship transport inthe 1960s. When a cargo is carried in more than one mode, it is intermodal or co-modal.

WHAT IS AN OIL TANKER?

First source:-

A tanker (or tank ship or tankship) is a ship designed to transport liquids in bulk. Major types oftank ship include the oil tanker, the chemical tanker, and the liquefied natural gas carrier.

Second source:-

An oil tanker, also known as a petroleum tanker, is a ship designed for the bulk transport of oil.There are two basic types of oil tankers: the crude tanker and the product tanker. Crude tankersmove large quantities of unrefined crude oil from its point of extraction to refineries.[2] Producttankers, generally much smaller, are designed to move petrochemicals from refineries to points

near consuming markets.

OIL TANKERS

The technology of oil transportation has evolved alongside the oil industry. Althoughman's use of oil reaches to prehistory, the first modern commercial exploitation dates back toJames Young's manufacture of parafin in 1850. In these early days, oil from Upper Burma wasmoved in earthenware vessels to the river bank where it was then poured into boat holds.

In the 1850s, the Pennsylvania oil fields became a major supplier of oil, and a center ofinnovation after Edwin Drake had struck oil near Titusville, Pennsylvania The first oil well in theUnited States was dug here in 1859, initially yielding around ten barrels per day Within twoyears, the Titusville field was providing 3,000 barrels per day. By this time, petroleum oil hadalready begun to supplant fish, whale, and vegetable oils for applications such as indoor andoutdoor lighting, and transatlantic export had already begun.


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Break-bulk boats and barges were originally used to transport Pennsylvania oil in 40-US-gallon (150 l) wooden barrels. But transport by barrel had several problems. The first problemwas weight: the standard empty barrel weighed 64 pounds (29 kg), representing 20% of the totalweight of a full barrel. Also, barrels were leaky, and could only be carried one way. Finally,barrels were themselves expensive. For example, in the early years of the Russian oil industry,

barrels accounted for half the cost of petroleum production.

The movement of oil in bulk was attempted in many places and in many ways. Modernoil pipelines have existed since 1860. In 1863, two sail-driven tankers were built on England'sRiver Tyne. These were followed in 1873 by the first oil-tank steamer, the Vaderland, which wasbuilt by Palmers Shipbuilding and Iron Company for Belgian owners. The vessel's use wascurtailed by U.S. and Belgian authorities citing safety concerns. By 1871, the Pennsylvania oilfields were making limited use of oil tank barges and cylindrical railroad tank-cars similar tothose in use today.

Today, as technology develops at a very fast rate, the buildings of marine vessels aremuch faster and cheaper. As in Malaysia, we could see that shipbuilding industry is developing.As one of the petroleum suppliers country, such as Petronas Berhad, a lot of oil tanker could beobserved sailing across Malaysian coastal. In our report here, we have decided to chooseBUNGA KASTURI EMPAT as our report thesis.


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MISSION AND DESIGN CONSTRAINT

Tankers are designed to carry the maximum amount of oil for a particular dimension, andwhere the speed is not a prime concern (unlike container ships). Hence the tankers have a blockcoefficient close to 0.95 and have a speed of around 15 knots. The sizes vary from small ofaround 5000 TDW to the worlds largest ships of 550,000 TDW and within these certainstandardization have occured (refer the tanker sizes). Apart from the standard tankers there arealso versatile vessels that the owners tend to built so that these do not become obselete, andvessels for specific requirement. Shuttle tankers and lightering vessels fall in to this category

As for Bunga Kasturi Empat, oil tanker, the purpose of this marine vessel is to carry tones of

petroleum or known as oil. It have been design to carry as maximum crude oil that it could bear

throughout her journey. The 300,325 tones of DWT, with 17 knots of speed we could say that

this ship is much likely reliable in carrying petroleum. The ship dimension design is as follow:

Gross Tonnage 157245 Net Tonnage 99363

Deadweight 300325 ton

Overall Length 330 m

LPP 317.69 m

Breadth 60 m

Depth 29.7 m

Draught 21.62 m

Freeboard 8118 mm

As for its hull and cargo, Bunga Kasturi Empats hull and cargo are built by UNIVERSAL

SHIPBUILDING CORPORATION Ariake Shipyard. The specification are as follow:

Place of build (Country) Tamana-gun, Kumamoto (JPN)

Date of Build 19 Apr 2007

Yard No 053

Hull Material Steel

No. of Watertight Comp 9 Number of Cont. Decks 1

Machinery Aft

Tanks

Number of Tanks 17

Total Capacity of tanks 340219 m


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SHIP SIZE CATEGORY

EXAMPLES OF TANKERS LENGTH ACCORDING TO CLASS:

AFRA Scale Flexible market scale

Class Size in DWT Class Size in DWTNew

price

Used

price

General Purpose tanker 10,00024,999 Product tanker 10,00060,000

$43M $42.5M

Medium Range tanker 25,00044,999 Panamax 60,00080,000

LR1 (Large Range 1) 45,00079,999 Aframax 80,000120,000

$58M $60.7M

LR2 (Large Range 2) 80,000159,999 Suezmax 120,000200,000

VLCC (Very Large Crude Carrier) 160,000319,999 VLCC 200,000320,000$120M $116M

ULCC (Ultra Large Crude Carrier) 320,000549,999 ULCC 320,000550,000


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As Bunga Kasturi Empat has the following design :

Deadweight : 300,325 tonne

LOA : 330 m

Bunga Kasturi Empat is categorized under Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) oil tanker.


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STRUCTURAL ARRANGEMENT

TYPICAL STRUCTURAL DESIGN AND ENGINEERING.

Oil tankers generally have from 8 to 12 tanks. Each tank is split into two or three independentcompartments by fore-and-aft bulkheads. The tanks are numbered with tank one being theforwardmost. Individual compartments are referred to by the tank number and the athwartshipsposition, such as "one port", "three starboard", or "six center."

A cofferdam is a small space left open between two bulkheads, to give protection from heat, fire,or collision. Tankers generally have cofferdams forward and aft of the cargo tanks, andsometimes between individual tanks. A pump room houses all the pumps connected to a tanker'scargo lines. Some larger tankers have two pump rooms. A pump room generally spans the totalbreadth of the ship.

The above article shows the typical structural design and engineering for cude oil tanker, Bunga

Kasturi Empat have a slight different in cargo structural design,that is:

Tanks

Number of Tanks: 17

Total Capacity of tanks: 340219 m

Cargo Handling: 3 PP 16500 M3/H

LBC: 566124

Typical structural arrangement of crude oil tanker are as follow, Bunga Kasturi Empat structural

arrangement are not to be provided as it is classified.


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GENERAL ARRANGEMENT

ARRANGEMENT DRAWING

Typical G.A for crude oil tanker. Bunga Kasturi Empat are most likely the same as in the figure.

BUNGA KASTURI EMPAT

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