BTLEW Part Four ENTER Lesson 12- The Needs That Drive Us All.

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Part FourPart Four

ENTER

Lesson 12- The Needs That Drive Us All

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I. Word Study

II. Phrases and Expressions

III.Word Building

IV. Grammar

Language Language StudyStudy


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I.I. Word StudyWord StudyWord list:

1. band

2. clear-cut

3. coerce

4. condemn

9. manipulate

10. reword

11. spontaneous

12. stifle

13. tribute

5. confinement

6. frivolous

7. humane

8. incentive


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study

1. band

The band played while we danced.

A band of students brought their grievances

before the dean.

She wore a red band in her hair.

The people banded together against the

robbers.

Translation

1. 乐队

2. 一群

3. 带子

4. 结合在一起


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2. clear-cut

a. a. definite and easy to understand, recognize, or make a decision about

b. having a definite outer shape

Examples:

The situation was not as clear-cut as he’d

have liked.

the clear-cut outline of the mountains


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3. coerce v. to make sb. do sth. by using force or threats

coerce sb. into doing sth.

Example:

The rebels coerced the villagers into hiding them from the army.

Word formation


n. coercion a. coercive

compel force

Synonyms

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I.I. Word StudyWord Study 4. condemn

v. a. to say publicly that you think sb. or sth. is bad or wrong

b. to give sb. a severe punishment c. to force to live in an unpleasant way

or to do sth. unpleasant

Examples:

Politicians have condemned the attacks.

The prisoner was condemned to death.

A large proportion of such children are

condemned to fail.

Word formation

Translation

1. 谴责

2. 惩罚

3. 迫使陷于不幸境地


n. condemnation

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n. the act of putting sb. in a room, prison etc. or the state of being there confine

v. a. to keep within bounds b. to keep sb. in a place c. to stop spreading

Examples: I shall attempt to confine the discussion to broad prin

ciples. Ill health kept him confined to his room. They confined the fire to the engine room.

5. confinement


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6. frivolous a. a. not serious, especially in a way that is

not suitable for a particular occasion b. a frivolous person likes having

fun rather than doing serious or sensible things

Examples:

The court discourages frivolous law suits.

She has a frivolous nature and won't take anything seriously.

Word formation

Translation

1. 不严肃的，

草率的

2. 轻浮的


n. frivolity

ad. frivolously

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a. characterized by kindness, mercy, or compassionExample:

They write letters demanding humane treatment of prisoners.More words:

7. humane

humanism

humanitarian

humanity

the Humanities

人道主义，人文主义博爱的，人道主义的人类，仁慈人文学科


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study8. incentive

n. sth. that encourages you to work harder, start new activities, etc.

Examples:With prices so low, there is no incentive for the farmers.We want to give people incentives to use public transport. (incentive to do sth.)


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9. manipulate

v. a. to influence sb. or control sth. in a clever or dishonest way

b. to skillfully handle, control or use sth.

Examples:He manipulated public opinion in his favor.She manipulated the lights to get just the effect she wanted.


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I.I. Word StudyWord Study10. reword

v. to say or write sth. again in different words in order to make it easier to understand or more suitable

Example:

If we reword the telegram we can save one-

third of the cost.


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11. spontaneous

a. happening in a natural way without being planned or thought about

Example:

He was suddenly filled with tears of

spontaneous emotion.

Word formation


ad. spontaneously

n. spontaneousness

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12. stifle v. a. to feel or make (sb.) unable to breathe

because of lack of fresh airb. to suppress sth.; restrain

Examples:We were stifling in that hot room with all the windows closed.Critics have accused the US of trying to stifle debate.


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13. tribute n. sth. you say, do or build to show that

you respect and admire sb.

Examples:They showed the program as a tribute to the two men.I’d like to pay tribute to the party workers for all their hard work. This year’s success is a tribute to all your hard work.

The end of Word Study.

Translation

1. 颂扬

2. 公开赞扬

3. 证明，标志


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List:

1. as to

2. attach to

3. branch out

4. build into

5. get across

6. get in the way of

7. in proportion to

8. the lion’s share

9. regardless of

10. run into

11. strive for

II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressions


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(formal) concerning sb. or sth.

Examples:

I don't know anything as to the others.

There is some doubt as to whether the information is totally accurate.

1. as to



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to be connected with sb./sth.

Examples:Please attach the rope to a branch of the tree.

There will be considerable prestige attached to his new position.

The hospital is attached to that university.

2. attach to


Related expressions


To be continued on the next page.

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II.II. Phrases and Phrases and ExpressionsExpressionsattach importance/significance/value to sth.

to think that sth. is important or trueBoth her parents attach great importance to education.

attach a label to sb.to think of sb. as having a particular natureShe is a writer to whom the label “feminist” is often attached.

attach oneself toto spend time with sb. or become part of a groupThey soon attached themselves to a group of women discussing the next day’s activities.


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3. branch out

to start doing sth. new or different

Examples:

In the longer term, the company wants to

branch out into providing investment advice.

He wanted to leave the company and branch

out on his own.


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to construct or include as an integral part of sth.

Examples:The cost of hiring equipment should be built into your calculations.They had built in a wardrobe with mirrored doors.

build-in a. forming a part of sth. that cannot be separated from it.

a build-in microphone/build-in behaviors

4. build into = build in


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to make people understand sth.

Examples: He sometimes has trouble getting his

meaning across in English. What message are you trying to get across to

the consumer? (get sth. across to sb.) I was trying to get across how much I

admired him. (get across+ how/what)

5. get across



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to prevent sth. from happening

Example:

I never let unimportant details get in the way

of a good plan.

6. get in the way of sth.


Related expressions



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get/be in the/sb.’s wayYou will get in the way if you stay in the kitchen.Can I move the books? They are in my way.

not stand/get in sb.’s wayI won’t stand in your way if you are determined.

be/get/keep out of the/sb.’s way

Make sure the kids keep out of the way while I am working.



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relative to

Examples:

Children tend to have relatively larger heads than

adults in proportion to the rest of their body.

Payment will be in proportion to the work done,

not to the time spent doing it.

The punishment was out of all proportion to the

crime.

7. in proportion to



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the largest part of sth.

Example: The lion’s share of his money went to his

grandchildren.

8. the lion’s share


”lion” phrases



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lionhearted

lion-hunter

lion in the way

in the lion’s den

be thrown/tossed

to the lions

make a lion of sb.

A lion at home,

a mouse abroad.

大胆的，勇猛的

巴结社会名流的人

拦路虎，可怕的障碍

身处险境

被置于危险境地

使某人红极一时

在家像狮子，

出外像老鼠。


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without being affected or influenced by sth.

Examples:

There must be equality of rights for all citizens, regardless of nationality.The building work will proceed regardless of whether there is an agreement. (regardless of +how/what/why, etc.)

9. regardless of



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a. to meet sb. when you did not expect b. to hit sb. or sth. by accident while you are drivingExamples:

Guess who I ran into this morning? A truck ran into me (hit my car) this morning.

run into millions/hundreds/thousands etc.to reach a particular amount

run into trouble/difficulty/problems etc.to start to have trouble/difficulty etc.

10. run into



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to make a lot of efforts to achieve sth.

Examples: More and more women are striving for more

freedom. We strive to be accurate, but some mistakes are

inevitable.

11. strive for


The end of Phrases and Expressions.


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III.III. Word BuildingWord BuildingList:

1. prefix—counter

2. prefix—down

3. prefix—non

4. conversion


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III.III. Word BuildingWord Buildingcounterforce (10)counterforce (10)

counter-:a. the opposite of sth.

b. matching sth.

counterattackcounterrevolutioncountermeasurecounteract counterculturecounterpart

反攻，反击反革命对策对抗，抵消反文化对应的人或物


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downtrodden (5)downtrodden (5)

III.III. Word BuildingWord Buildingdown-: at or towards the bottom or lower part of sth.

downgrade downstairs downhearted downsize downmarket downriver

贬低，轻视在楼下，往楼下沮丧的裁员 ( 商品、服务 ) 低档的顺流地


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noncooperation nonaggression nonintervention nonstick nonfiction nonstop nonaligned

non-essential

III.III. Word BuildingWord Building

non-: not

不合作互不侵犯不干涉 ( 锅 ) 不粘的非小说类作品不停的不结盟的


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handout setup takeoff comeback breakthrough cutback checkup shutdown walkout sit-in

conversion ( 转化 )

III.III. Word BuildingWord Building

传单机构起飞恢复突破缩减审查关闭罢工静坐

The end of Word Building.

动态动词转化为名词


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IV.IV. GrammarGrammarNoun clauseNoun clause

Noun clause can be classified as subjective clause, predictive clause, objective clause and appositive clause.

Noun clauses are introduced by a wh-word, what+noun phrase, how+adj./adv. and the conjunction that, whether, if.



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That we have often been wronged and seek

revenge is much on the minds of many of us. (8)

It seems that there has to be a counterforce to

power; unbridled power would be destructive to

the survival of the species. (10)

Where we will go has not been decided.

Subjective clauseSubjective clause

IV.IV. GrammarGrammar


“It” as anticipatory


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My guess is that we will survive in direct

proportion to how much we can learn.

That is why I tell you the truth.

Predictive clausePredictive clause




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All five needs are built into our genetic

structure as instructions for how we must

attempt to live our lives. (1)

We quickly learn what particular discomfort is

attached to the denial of these basic needs. (2)

My sister is only seven, but she always tells me

whether my pictures are good or not.

Objective clauseObjective clause




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They might, however, question my claim that

fun is a basic need. (11)

She asked the reason why there was a delay.

Apposition clauseApposition clause


The end of Grammar.


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BTLEW Part Four ENTER Lesson 12- The Needs That Drive Us All.

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