British in India
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Transcript of British in India
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Pre-Imperialism
• British East India Company 1600’s• Mughal Dynasty lost power, B.E.I.C. seized
opportunity. • Battle of Plassey (1757) over Bengal territory.
Allowed BEIC to grow rich enough to take stronger hold of country. – “British rule in India had "an unsavoury beginning and
something of that bitter taste has clung to it ever since." Jawaharlal Nehru
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British Control• Gov’t. “officially” regulated company. Why
would they do this?• Company had own army with British officers
and sepoys. • Sepoys were Indian soldiers working for BEIC.• “Jewel in the Crown.”
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Economic Demands
• Restrictions on economy by British gov’t:– India=raw materials/U.K.=finished goods– India couldn’t compete w/ British finished
goods.
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Economic Output
• Plantation crops were most of raw materials produced. – Tea, indigo, coffee, cotton, opium, jute..
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Rebellion
• Frustrated w/ racism, scared of possibility that they may make them convert.
• Sepoy seen as “a delicate and dangerous machine, which a little mismanagement may easily turn against us.”
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Beginnings
• How did it start? – Rumor about cartridges spread. Refused
ammo./ were jailed. Rebellion started next day.
– Oversea travel is offense to some who follow Hindu religion
• England sent troops to help BEIC• Why couldn’t the Indians win?
– Religious split between Hindu and Muslim.
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Result• England takes
control of India in 1858 because of mutiny, and punish the Indians who revolted.
• Hung, or lashed to cannons and blown away – religious aspects
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British Raj
• 1857-1947 Period of direct British Rule
• Viceroy.• 11 provinces with
British running each district. Over 300 million controlled by 3,500!
• Racist attitudes = distrust and anger.
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Nationalist Groups
• Indian National Congress– Fought for
political rights at first
– Changed to social, nationalist ideas
– Gandhi begins his movement
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India becomes valuable
• One thing allowed India to become valuable. What was it?
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Impact
• Positives:– World’s 3rd largest railroad network connected
regions, roads/phones/bridges/irrigation etc.=modernization, health and education.
• Negatives– Social/Economic/Political freedoms lost– Cash crops=famine (30 Million dead in 100
years)– Racist attitudes=Indian traditions lost and
nationalistic movement