British Imperialism in India. British economic interest in India began in the 1600s, when the...
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• British economic interest in India began in the 1600s, when the British East India Company set up trading posts at Bombay, Madras and Calcutta.
• At first, the Mughal Dynasty kept European traders under control, but by 1707 the Mughal Empire was collapsing.
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Britain Steps into India• After some time of fighting, in 1858, the
East India Company was the leading power in India.
• India had a number of natural resources that the Europeans could wait to get their hands on.
• India was also a great location for trade.
• Britain did not want to pass up the opportunity.
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East India Company Dominates
• The British government regulated the East India Company’s efforts both in London and in India.
• Until the beginning of the 19th century, the company ruled India with little interference from the British government.
• The company even had its own army, led by British officers and staffed by sepoys (Indian soldiers).
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Britain's “Jewel in the Crown”
• At first, Britain treasured India more for its potential than its actual profit.
• The Industrial Revolution had turned Britain into the world’s workshop, and India was a major supplier of raw materials for that workshop.
• The British considered India that brightest “jewel in the crown”, the most valuable of all of Britain’s colonies.
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Positive Effects• There were some positive effects that British
Imperialism had on India.
– Provided better sanitation
– Schools were built
– Better protection from thieves
– Hospitals were built
– Roads and Railroads were built
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Negative Effects
• A lot of times the British were racists to the Indian people.
• There was famine in the land due to cash-crops.
• Britain held the majority of the political power along with the economic power.
• Revolts are going to occur.
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Sepoy Mutiny• As economic problems increased for
the Indians, so did their feelings of resentment and nationalism.
• The Indian army contained Muslims along with Hindus.
• They caught world that the cartridges that were used to grease the guns were pork and cow fat.
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• The soldiers that refused the cartridges were jailed and because of this the Sepoy Rebellion started.
• The British ended the rebellion and took direct control over India.
• The Sepoy Mutiny marked a turning point in Indian History.
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Nationalism Surfaces in India
• In the early 1800s, some Indians began demanding more modernization and a greater role in governing themselves.
• Besides modernization and Westernization, nationalist feelings started to surface in India.
• Indians hated a system that made them second-class citizens in their own country.
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• They were barred from top posts in the Indian Civil Service.
• Those who managed to get middle-level jobs were paid less than Europeans.
• A British engineer on the East India Railway made nearly 20 times as much money as an Indian engineer.
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Nationalist Groups Form
• This growing nationalism led to the founding of two nationalist groups, the Indian National Congress in 1885 and the Muslim League in 1906.
• At first, such groups concentrated on specific concerns for Indians.
• By the early 1900s, they were calling for self-government.
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• The nationalists were further inflamed in 1905 by the partition of Bengal.
• The province was too large for administrative purposes, so the British divided it into a Hindu section and a Muslim section.
• Keeping the two religious groups apart made it difficult for them to unite calling for independence.
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• In 1911, the British took back the order and divided the province in a different way.
• Conflict over control of India continued to develop between the Indians and the British in the following years.