Britain Leads Britain Leads The WayThe Way

Chapter 19 Section 2Chapter 19 Section 2

Vocab Terms to Look ForVocab Terms to Look For Here are the Here are the Vocab TermsVocab Terms for this for this

section you need to be on the lookout for:section you need to be on the lookout for: CapitalCapital EnterpriseEnterprise EntrepreneurEntrepreneur Putting-Out-SystemPutting-Out-System Eli WhitneyEli Whitney TurnpikeTurnpike LiverpoolLiverpool ManchesterManchester

Why Britain?Why Britain?

There are two factors we will inspect There are two factors we will inspect that might have given Britain an that might have given Britain an edge in leading the way:edge in leading the way: Abundant Natural ResourcesAbundant Natural Resources Demand for CapitalDemand for Capital

Abundant Natural Abundant Natural ResourcesResources

Britain had several forms of natural Britain had several forms of natural resources that gave them an edge:resources that gave them an edge: Natural Ports and Navigable RiversNatural Ports and Navigable Rivers Abundant Rivers for water power and Abundant Rivers for water power and

canal constructioncanal construction Canals increased trade and accessibility to Canals increased trade and accessibility to

marketsmarkets Ease of communicationEase of communication

The wealthy could easily travel around The wealthy could easily travel around England due to its rivers and ports.England due to its rivers and ports.

Other ResourcesOther Resources

Ample supplies of CoalAmple supplies of Coal Coal was critical to industry for several Coal was critical to industry for several

reasons:reasons: Coal was key to power steam enginesCoal was key to power steam engines Coal was needed to smelt ironCoal was needed to smelt iron

Vast Supplies of IronVast Supplies of Iron Iron was also crucial:Iron was also crucial:

Could be obtained much easier through the Could be obtained much easier through the smelting process using coalsmelting process using coal

Was needed to build steam engines and Was needed to build steam engines and other new machinesother new machines

Effects and Demand of Effects and Demand of CapitalCapital

Britain was loaded with skilled Britain was loaded with skilled mechanics, a booming population, mechanics, a booming population, and crafty inventors.and crafty inventors. These factors created a drive to build These factors created a drive to build

businesses, but one thing was businesses, but one thing was missing….missing….

MoneyMoney

The Search for InvestorsThe Search for Investors

From the 1600’s-1700’s many British From the 1600’s-1700’s many British merchants became quite wealthy from a merchants became quite wealthy from a continued spice trade and slave trade.continued spice trade and slave trade.

Many wealthy British had extra money from Many wealthy British had extra money from earlier investments and were willing to earlier investments and were willing to make new investments.make new investments.

The money they could invest is referred to The money they could invest is referred to as as capitalcapital:: Money used to invest in Money used to invest in enterprisesenterprises

Business organizations such as mining, railroads, or Business organizations such as mining, railroads, or factories.factories.

A New Accepted Class?A New Accepted Class?

For ages, the upper classes in Britain For ages, the upper classes in Britain looked down on the merchants and looked down on the merchants and other businessmen.other businessmen.

However, when the businessmen However, when the businessmen started making a lot of money, they started making a lot of money, they started to accept the wealth from started to accept the wealth from these these entrepreneursentrepreneurs:: Those who managed and assumed the Those who managed and assumed the

financial risks of starting a new businessfinancial risks of starting a new business

The Textile Industry The Textile Industry AdvancesAdvances

An Industry ExplodesAn Industry Explodes

The two industries that were the The two industries that were the most effected by the industrial most effected by the industrial revolution was the cloth/textiles revolution was the cloth/textiles industry and the newly developed industry and the newly developed transportation industry.transportation industry.

Over the next few minutes we will Over the next few minutes we will look at both of these industrieslook at both of these industries

The Old Textile IndustryThe Old Textile Industry A majority of all cotton cloth used in Britain A majority of all cotton cloth used in Britain

had been imported from India. had been imported from India. Instead of driving to spend more money Instead of driving to spend more money

abroad, British merchants tried to organize a abroad, British merchants tried to organize a cloth industry at home, so they developed the cloth industry at home, so they developed the putting out systemputting out system:: Peasant families would take raw cotton, spin it into Peasant families would take raw cotton, spin it into

thread and then weave it into cloth in their own thread and then weave it into cloth in their own homes.homes.

They would send the cloth to skilled artisans in the They would send the cloth to skilled artisans in the towns to finish and dye the clothtowns to finish and dye the cloth

This system was laborious and costly….if only This system was laborious and costly….if only we had machines…..we had machines…..

Several Key Inventions Several Key Inventions Change ProductionChange Production

John Kay’s Flying ShuttleJohn Kay’s Flying Shuttle Infomercial: Infomercial: http://http://

www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v=_QcpV5qb0-M&NR=1=_QcpV5qb0-M&NR=1

Historical Info: Historical Info: http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v=PCpYJ7iiS40=PCpYJ7iiS40

James Hargreaves’ Spinning JennyJames Hargreaves’ Spinning Jenny http://http://www.youtube.com/watch?vwww.youtube.com/watch?v

=y1kBJxKqHqs&feature=related=y1kBJxKqHqs&feature=related

Eli’s Comin’Eli’s Comin’

Why Should We Care?Why Should We Care?

The ChallengeThe Challenge

The greatest challenge facing the The greatest challenge facing the textile industry was turning raw textile industry was turning raw cotton into something that could be cotton into something that could be processed at a fast rate.processed at a fast rate.

In the American South, raw cotton In the American South, raw cotton had to be cleaned of dirt and dust had to be cleaned of dirt and dust and have seeds removed.and have seeds removed.

This lead to the invention of the This lead to the invention of the cotton gin.cotton gin.

The Cotton GinThe Cotton Gin Eli WhitneyEli Whitney is the is the

inventor of the cotton inventor of the cotton gin.gin.

The cotton gin The cotton gin separated seeds from separated seeds from cotton at a fast rate.cotton at a fast rate.

This was invented in This was invented in 1793 and revolutionized 1793 and revolutionized the industry.the industry.

This increased This increased production production exponentially.exponentially.

The The Transportation Transportation

Revolution Revolution

Why did it boom?Why did it boom?

The inventions discussed earlier The inventions discussed earlier clearly made factories and productions clearly made factories and productions more efficient.more efficient.

The increase in production and spread The increase in production and spread of specialized labor pushed for of specialized labor pushed for demands in fast transportation of demands in fast transportation of either raw goods or finished materials.either raw goods or finished materials.

Many capitalists invested in Many capitalists invested in turnpikesturnpikes Private roads built by entrepreneurs who Private roads built by entrepreneurs who

charged travelers a fee to use themcharged travelers a fee to use them

The Canal BoomThe Canal Boom

Factories needed coal and raw materials fast.Factories needed coal and raw materials fast. In 1763 the Bridgewater canal opened:In 1763 the Bridgewater canal opened:

Connected factories to many sources of raw Connected factories to many sources of raw materials.materials.

It made a boatload (pun intended) of money It made a boatload (pun intended) of money from tollsfrom tolls

It cut the price of coal in half.It cut the price of coal in half. The success of one canal immediately meant The success of one canal immediately meant

that everyone wanted to open their own canal.that everyone wanted to open their own canal. But….But….

Canals BustCanals Bust

Not every canal had enough traffic Not every canal had enough traffic to support them.to support them.

This lead to the bankruptcy of many This lead to the bankruptcy of many capitalists/entrepreneurs.capitalists/entrepreneurs.

Beginning in the 1830’s the canals Beginning in the 1830’s the canals began to lose their importance.began to lose their importance.

Why?Why?

Here’s WhyHere’s Why

Come on Ride the TrainCome on Ride the Train

The invention of the steam engine The invention of the steam engine made the growth of the railroads made the growth of the railroads possible.possible.

The steam engine was adapted in The steam engine was adapted in the 1800’s by George Stephenson.the 1800’s by George Stephenson. The goal, pull carriages along iron rails.The goal, pull carriages along iron rails. People loved this because it did not People loved this because it did not

need to follow a river, making the need to follow a river, making the railroads much more versatile.railroads much more versatile.

The First RailroadThe First Railroad

The first rail line that connected The first rail line that connected cities opened in 1830.cities opened in 1830. The first cities connected were The first cities connected were

Manchester and LiverpoolManchester and Liverpool In the following decades the railroads In the following decades the railroads

boomed.boomed. By 1870, railroads crisscrossed By 1870, railroads crisscrossed

Britain, Europe and North America.Britain, Europe and North America.