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Bournemouth Borough Council

Municipal Waste Management Strategy

2011-2026

Supplementary Report: Baseline Report

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1. Bournemouth Demographics and Population Statistics

Page 6

2. National Waste Growth and Local Trends Page 10

3. Waste Infrastructure Page 13

4. Current Waste Hierarchy Campaigns Page 18

5. Current and Historical Waste Performance Page 22

6. Waste Data Flow Information Page 30

7. Kerbside Waste Analysis Page 31

8. Contractual Arrangements

9. Street Cleansing

Page 35 Page 36

Contents

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List of Figures

Figure Page Figure 1: Ward boundaries map of Bournemouth (Source: A Picture of Bournemouth, Overview and ward profiles 2010)

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Figure 2: Population Pyramid for Bournemouth - Mid-2007 7

Figure 3: Housing Tenure in Bournemouth 8

Figure 4: Historical Trends in Bournemouth’s Municipal Waste 2005-2010 10

Figure 5: Predicted growth in MSW in relation to predicted population growth until 2031 based on a 0.5% waste growth rate

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Figure 6: Predicted growth in Household Waste in relation to predicted population growth until 2031 based on a 0.5% waste growth rate

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Figure 7: Cost of waste treatment and disposal per tonne 25

Figure 8: Trends in Municipal Waste 2005-2010 26

Figure 9: Trends in the reuse of Municipal Waste 2006-2010 27

Figure 10: Trends in the amount of municipal waste being sent for composting 2006-2010

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Figure 11: Trends in the amount of Household Waste sent for Recovery 2006-2010 28

Figure 12: Kerbside Waste Analysis Results for the Residual Waste Bin in 2005-2006 31

Figure 13: Kerbside Waste Analysis Results for the Residual Waste Bin in 2008-2009 32

Figure 14: Differences in Residual Waste Composition between Properties with a Green Waste Collection and those without in 2008/09

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Figure 15: Differences in Residual Waste Composition between 2005/06 and 2008/09 34

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List of Tables

Table Page

Table 1: Bournemouth’s population forecast until 2031 9

Table 2: Bournemouth Borough Council’s Waste Infrastructure 2007/08 13

Table 3: BVPI data for Bournemouth 2006/07 and 2007/08 and Unitary Authority figures for 2007/08

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Table 4: NI data for Bournemouth 2008/09 and 2009/10 and Unitary Authority figures for 2009/10

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1.1 Bournemouth Map Bournemouth is a Unitary Authority located in the County of Dorset on the South Coast of England. It has one main central shopping area, with smaller shopping districts spread across the borough. It covers an area of 17 square miles and has 7 miles of beach along its southern border. Figure 1: Ward boundaries map of Bournemouth (Source: A Picture of Bournemouth, Overview and ward profiles 2010)

1.2 Population and Housing Stock Bournemouth has a population of 161,300 residents and a housing stock of 82,235, 43% of which are flats. Figure 2 shows the population pyramid for Bournemouth – Mid-2007.

1. BOURNEMOUTH DEMOGRAPHICS AND POPULATION STATISTICS

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Figure 2: Population Pyramid for Bournemouth - Mid-2007 (Source: Mid-Year Estimates, ONS, Crown Copyright)

The housing tenure in Bournemouth is shown in Figure 3. 71% of housing in Bournemouth is owner occupied, compared to 10% which is social housing. 19% of property is privately rented.

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Figure 3: Housing Tenure in Bournemouth. (Source: Bournemouth Housing Strategy 2007)

1.3 Population in Context Bournemouth is a seaside town and relies heavily on its tourism industry. On top of its resident population Bournemouth sees and influx of 5.2 million visitors to the town annually. Bournemouth is also a university town and therefore has a very transient population. The University is actually situated in the Borough of Poole however 8,155 of the 17,009 students reside within the Bournemouth boundaries. 1.3.1 Population Growth Bournemouth’s population forecast up until 2031 can be seen in Table 1 overleaf.

Tenure Split of Bournemouth Households in 2007

Owner-

Occupied, 71%

Private Rented,

19%

Social Housing,

10%

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Table 1: Bournemouth’s population forecast until 2031. (Source: 2006-based sub-national population projections, ONS, Crown Copyright)

Housing needs forecast in the Bournemouth Housing Strategy 2007 requires 400 new dwellings to be built per year. The above figures are subject to constant revision due to changes in population forecasts.

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National Projected Growth Rates

2.1 National Projected Growth Rates England and Wales produce over 80 million tonnes of waste each year (excluding construction and demolition waste) – a figure which until recently has been growing at around 3 per cent annually. This national figure reduced to 1.4% in 2005/06 and was then revised to 0.5% in the Waste Strategy for England 2007.

2.2 Local Projected Growth Rates It is a requirement of Planning Policy Statement 10 (PPS10) that this strategy predicts possible future Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) growth. Bournemouth currently produces 89,356 tonnes of MSW a year. Trends in the amount of waste produced by Bournemouth over the last 5 years can be seen in Figure 4. It is clear from the chart that MSW rates have decreased over the last 5 years. This is in part due to the introduction of the Big Bin/Little Bin Recycling Service and Business Recycling Services. However the reduction in the amount of waste produced is starting to plateau and more needs to be done to continue this trend in reduction in future years.

Figure 4: Historical Trends in Bournemouth’s Municipal Waste 2005-2010

The strategy has selected to use population growth as a major influence in predicting future waste growth. The population of Bournemouth is predicted to rise to 170,600 by 2031. Figure 5 shows the predicted growth in MSW in relation to predicted population growth until 2031 based on a 0.5% waste growth rate.

80,000

85,000

90,000

95,000

100,000

105,000

2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10

Tonnes

Year

Trend in Municipal Waste Collected

2. NATIONAL WASTE GROWTH AND LOCAL TRENDS

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Figure 5: Predicted growth in MSW in relation to predicted population growth until 2031 based on a 0.5% waste growth rate.

Figure 6: Predicted growth in Household Waste in relation to predicted population growth until 2031 based on a 0.5% waste growth rate.

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Bournemouth currently produces 513kg of waste per head. In order to de-couple the increase in waste from the increase in population growth Bournemouth needs to reduce the amount of waste produced per head. Bournemouth is currently meeting its Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme (LATS) targets. However there remains doubt about the ability to meet the 2012/13 target year if further recycling/composting schemes are not introduced. If the Council do not meet its targets it could face a potential fine of up to £150 per tonne.

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Table 2: Bournemouth Borough Council’s Waste Infrastructure 2007/08

Infrastructure Number Description/Location

Refuse Collection Vehicles

14 Based at Southcote Road. Waste Taken to New Earth Solutions (NES)

Recycling Collection Vehicles

7 Waste taken to Nuffield Depot, Poole for Transfer to MRF

Green Waste Collection Vehicles

3 Seasonal collection between April and November. Waste composted at either NES or Eco-Sustainable Solutions

Bulky Household Good Collection

N/A Operated by Watson Contract Cleaning Services on the Councils behalf. Chargeable service.

Neighbourhood Recycling Centres (Bring Bank Sites)

67 Banks 11 sites strategically located across the Borough. Operated by W&S Recycling

Millhams Community Recycling Centre

1 Civic Amenity site located in the north west of the Borough off of Millhams Road, Kinson.

Waste Transfer Station 1 Located at Southcote Road Depot.

Recycling on the go 150 recycling bins and 5 solar compaction recycling bins

Located throughout the Borough, mainly in shopping areas and outside schools. Solar bins are located on pier approach.

Commercial Refuse Collection

1,401 accounts collected from 1,530 properties

Collected either via the town centre evening cleansing shift or on the refuse vehicles. Commercial refuse is also taken to New Earth

3. WASTE INFRASTRUCTURE

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Infrastructure Number Description/Location

Solutions Ltd where it undergoes pre-treatment and stabilisation to reduce the biodegradable fraction.

Commercial Recycling Collection

212 of the 1,401 commercial refuse accounts have recycling bins – (this does include schools recycling which are collected FoC)

Collected either via the town centre evening cleansing shift or on the recycling vehicles.

3.1 Refuse Collection

The Council operates an in-house refuse (rubbish) collection from 82,235 properties in Bournemouth. Refuse is collected from the kerbside in a 140 litre bin on a weekly basis. For properties with communal bins a combination of 660 litre and 1,100 litre bins are used.

3.2 Recycling Collection In September 2006 the Council introduced the Big Bin/Little Bin collection scheme. Recycling is collected fortnightly from the kerbside in a 240 litre wheeled bin. Recyclable materials include paper, cardboard, plastic bottles, cans, liquid food and drink cartons and glass. Recyclables are collected co-mingled and sorted at a Materials Reclamation Facility (MRF). Properties with communal bins are serviced with a combination of 240 litre, 660 litre and 1,100 litre bins.

3.3 Green Waste Collection Green (garden) waste is collected seasonally between April and November. In 2008 the scheme serviced 21,500 properties and in 2009 this was extended to 22,400 properties. Initially residents were offered a choice of 35 x 75 litre biodegradable sacks, to last them the length of the scheme, or a 140 litre wheeled bin. However due to operational reasons collections are now primarily by way of 140 litre wheeled bin. The green waste service is available to communal domestic buildings, appropriate bin size is determined on a case by case basis and consideration is given to whether or not the grounds are serviced by a paid-for gardener and whether or not their fee includes disposal or not. A static collection site for green waste is operated at Kings Park on Sundays between 9am and 1pm between April and November.

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3.4 Millhams Community Recycling Centre (CRC) Millhams CRC is a Civic Amenity Site located in Kinson in the North West of the Borough. Millhams CRC enables residents to recycle/dispose of most domestic bulky household items, green (garden) waste and electrical household items. It also caters for batteries, engine oil, small amounts of household rubble and paint. It is classed as a Designated Collection Facility (DCF) under the Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment Regulations (WEEE). Millhams CRC also has a re-use/re-sale area where residents can buy items for re-use which have been deposited at the site.

3.5 Neighbourhood Recycling Centres (NRC’s) Bournemouth Borough Council operates 11 NRC sites, formally known as bring banks. These sites are currently serviced by Weymouth and Sherbourne Recycling and cater for the following items:

• Paper

• Cans

• Plastic Bottles

• Glass

• Textiles and Shoes A number of charity banks are also located at these sites for the recycling/re-use of the following items:

• Books

• Music

• Foil

3.6 Recycling On the Go A network of 150 on-street recycling bins is located across the Borough. These are either dual recycling and litter bins or stand alone recycling bins, the latter of which are sited next to existing litter bins. These on-street recycling bins were donated by Marks and Spencer in 2008 as part of the redevelopment of their Bournemouth store to become their first eco-store in the Country.

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3.7 Bulky Household Waste Collection Bournemouth Borough Council operates a chargeable Bulky Household Waste collection in conjunction with Watson Contract Cleaning Services. Bulky item collection is priced on appointment and residents are not obliged to use the service. If services are employed the items are collected and taken to Millhams Community Recycling Centre for re-use where possible.

3.8 Trade Waste Collection The Council has offered a trade refuse service since 1978 and currently has 1,401 accounts. In 2008 a Trade Recycling Collection was made available to businesses within Bournemouth. This enables businesses to recycle the same co-mingled mix as householders or to recycle single stream paper or cardboard, dependent upon the businesses needs.

3.9 Other Wastes 3.9.1 Fly-tipped waste The Environmental Protection Act 1990 gives Local Authorities and the Environment Agency the responsibility for dealing with fly-tipped or illegally deposited waste. The fly-tipped waste removed by the Council counts towards the total of municipal waste collected and will influence the targets set under the LATS system as well as incurring significant financial costs. To address this, the Council enforce the Clean Neighbourhoods and Environment Act 2005 which strengthens the Environmental Protection Act 1990, putting provisions on clearing up to the land owner and allowing Local Authorities and the Environment Agency to recover their costs. 3.9.2 Clinical Waste Bournemouth Borough Council does not offer a Clinical Waste Service. 3.9.3 Hazardous Waste The Hazardous Wastes directive (91/689/EC) defines what waste types are classed as ‘Hazardous’ and has been incorporated into UK law by the Hazardous Waste Regulations 2005. Implementation of the revised Waste Framework Directive has brought some changes to the Hazardous Waste Regulations. These changes have been brought in by the Waste (England and Wales) Regulations 2011 and the Waste (Miscellaneous Provisions) (Wales) 2011 Regulations.

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These materials are currently collected from the public or brought into the Civic Amenity Site/Community Recycling Centre. 3.9.4 Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment (WEEE)

The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (Amendment) Regulations 2009 (“the Amendment Regulations”), which came into force on 1 January 2010.

Residents can take those electrical items that have been declared as WEEE to Millhams Community Recycling Centre. The Council will also collect large items for a charge. 3.9.5 Batteries Batteries have been identified by the EU as a priority waste stream needing action to lessen their impact on the environment. As a result, the Batteries Directive came into force on 6 September 2006. The Council currently accepts all types of batteries at Millhams Community Recycling Centre and also has collection points for household batteries at libraries and Council buildings.

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4.1 Reduce 4.1.1 Big Bin/Little Bin

The Council introduced the Big Bin, Little Bin kerbside collection scheme in September 2006.

Each household has a Big Bin for recycling and this is collected fortnightly and a Little Bin is for refuse and this is collected weekly.

This meant that householders had a reduction of 100 litres of space for their residual rubbish, therefore sending less to landfill. Comprehensive literature was provided to residents during a 12 month education and awareness campaign to prepare residents for the change. 4.1.2 Real Nappies Campaign The Council runs a real nappies campaign with the aim of making real nappies information easily accessible to both parents and prospective parents. In 2009 the Council introduced a Real Nappies Incentive Scheme. The scheme enables parents to claim £30 off the price of real nappies with a minimum spend of £45. There are two ways to save on the cost of buying real nappies, either by applying for a £30 voucher which is redeemable at a number of real nappies retailers in Bournemouth or via a cash-back option whereby parents can buy their nappies from any retailer, including the internet, and then complete an application form for the £30 refund. 4.1.3 Smart Shopping Smart shopping campaigns are run in order to help residents make decisions which will enable them to purchase less waste to begin with. A series of roadshows are held every year at supermarkets, libraries, pre-organised events and at local businesses. 4.1.4 Excess Waste Policy/Additional Bin Request Policy An Excess Waste Policy was introduced in 2004 restricting residents from placing excess waste next to their bin. Bin lids must also be closed otherwise the bin will either not be emptied or the excess waste will be removed, the bin emptied and the excess placed back in the bin, thereby restricting the amount of rubbish which can be placed in the bin the following week. Residents who produce excess waste are sent a letter reminding them about the policy and also asking them to contact the Council if they regularly have excess waste to see if there is a way in which we can help them manage their waste better.

4. CURRENT WASTE HIERARCHY CAMPAIGNS

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Larger families are given the opportunity to request an additional refuse bin. A form must be filled out detailing the reasons for the request and the age ranges of those living in the property. Each case is treated on an individual basis and a home visit is arranged to enable the resident to show the team the problems they are encountering and for the team to ensure that the resident is doing as much as possible to minimise and recycle their waste. If the resident is eligible, then a bin is issued and labelled to ensure the crews know the bin has been issued legitimately. 4.1.5 Love Food Hate Waste Campaign Love Food Hate Waste is a campaign run in conjunction with Dorset Reduction and Recycling Group and WRAP (Waste and Resources Action Programme). Approximately a third of food bought is wasted and therefore the aim of this campaign is to encourage residents to waste less food. The campaign takes the form of roadshows providing residents with the opportunity to find out how to make use of leftovers, tips to reduce the amount of unused food they waste, how to buy just enough food for what is needed, food storage and information on best before and use by dates. This is a national campaign which Local Authorities link in to. Promotional information, templates and resources are available to help Local Authorities tailor their campaign to their local area. 4.1.6 Dorset Reduction and Recycling Group (DRRG) The DRRG is a group made up of Recycling Officers from Local Authorities within Poole, Bournemouth and Dorset. The aim of the group is to find ways to work in partnership to spread the ‘reduction & recycling’ message across the conurbation.

4.2 Reuse As well as reuse of material deposited at Millhams Community Recycling Centre and through the Bulky Household Waste Collection Scheme, as mentioned earlier, the Council works on reuse in the following areas: 4.2.1 Dorset Reclaim Bournemouth Borough Council works very closely with the Dorset based charity Dorset Reclaim. The Council promotes Dorset Reclaim in two ways:

• Residents can donate unwanted furniture, electrical or household items which will be collected free of charge.

• Residents on means tested benefits or a low income can obtain furniture at very low costs.

Dorset Reclaim employs a number of paid staff and also has a number of volunteer staff. Volunteer staff are usually members of the community who require assistance in gaining skills to help them in the community and when applying for jobs. Some have been through rehabilitation after drug or alcohol abuse or require help after spending a short time in prison.

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4.2.2 Charity Shops Residents are encouraged to donate unwanted but useable items to charity shops. Campaigns around donating to charity shops are run in the lead up to Christmas and at the end of University terms when students may be having clear-outs before moving out of their accommodation. 4.2.3 Give and Take Days The Council organise and promote community centre ‘give and take days’ at which residents may put out unwanted but usable items for reuse. Local residents then have the chance to browse and take away items they do want. No money changes hands during these events.

4.3 Composting 4.3.1 Green Waste collection As previously mentioned the Council operates an opt-in Kerbside Green Waste Collection Service with a static bring site at Kings Park on Sundays. 4.3.2 Home Composting Bournemouth Borough Council works in partnership with Dorset County Council and WRAP (Waste and Resource Action Programme) to promote Home Composting. The Home Composting campaign is a scheme where WRAP provided subsidised compost bins and accessories to residents across the Country. The Home Composting campaign is promoted through roadshows, advertising campaigns (national), literature available in public places and on the Council website. Compost bins are also available to schools. 4.3.3 Christmas Tree Collection It is decided annually whether to operate a Christmas Tree collection service based upon resources available.

4.4 Recycling 4.4.1 Big Bin/Little Bin (BB/LB) As mentioned in section 3 The BB/LB scheme enables residents to recycle paper, cardboard, plastic bottles, cans, liquid food and drink cartons and glass at the kerbside and was introduced in 2006.

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4.4.2 Recycling on the Go Section 3 also details the network of 150 street recycling bins and 5 solar powered recycling bins available for residents and visitors to use whilst on the move, therefore extending their recycling habits beyond the home. 4.4.3 Free Recycling for Schools In 2008 the Council introduced free recycling for schools to encourage them to recycle as much of their waste as possible and to present a good example to the children who attend those schools. All but one school have taken up this free service. 4.4.4 ‘Wise Up 2 Waste’ Education Pack In 2008 the Council secured funding from Marks and Spencer to design and publish a ‘Wise Up 2 Waste’ Education pack aimed at Key Stage 1 and 2 pupils. The aim of the pack was to make introducing waste issues easy for teachers. It contains a key for teachers to identify where it links clearly and easily with the National Curriculum. It covers each tier of the Waste Hierarchy as well as detailing how to carry out a waste audit at the school. Council officers are also available to go into schools to carry out workshops and assemblies to assist teachers. It is anticipated that by teaching children early about social responsibilities regarding waste that behaviours can be cemented early requiring less behaviour change campaigns for future generations. 4.4.5 Green Schools The Council runs the Green Schools Award which all schools within Bournemouth can work towards. It was designed after the introduction of the Eco-Schools Scheme. Following feedback from teachers that the Eco-Schools Scheme required a lot of time and effort the Council decided to work with the Environment Agency to design a scheme that was just as educational but less time consuming and demanding to schools. The Green Schools Award covers the following topics:

• School grounds transport plans

• Waster use

• Energy use and

• Waste and Recycling

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5.1 Best Value Performance Indicators/National Indicators Best Value was set up by the Government to ensure that Local Authorities deliver continuous improvements in services, with regards to efficiency, effectiveness and economy and expectations of service users. BVPI’s 82-91 cover waste and recycling, however 2007/08 was the last statutory period of collecting and reporting of the BVPI’s. Table 3: BVPI data for Bournemouth 2006/07 and 2007/08 and Unitary Authority figures for 2007/08

2007/08 National Figures for Unitary Authorities

BVPI’s 2006/07 2007/08 Average Median Top Quartile

Bottom Quartile

BV 82a % HHW (Household Waste) Recycled

29.11 33.36 19.66 19.65 25.61 14.29

BV 82b % HHW Composted

7.16 7.65 10.70 10.28 17.38 4.60

BV 82a+82b

HHW Recycling and Composting Rate %

36.27 41.01 30.35 30.26 39.08 22.78

BV 82c % HHW used to recover other energy sources

0.19 0.04 15.76 0.25 56.43 0.00

BV 82d % HHW Landfilled

66.98 57.78 52.83 63.11 14.83 74.63

BV 84 Kg HHW collected per person

513 512 490.28 481 423.17 576.07

BV 86 Cost of HHW Collection per household (£)

64.4 51.07 60.08 51.07 40.37 99.14

BV 87 Cost of Waste Disposal per tonne Municipal Waste (£)

41.95 45.99 51.51 51.21 34.91 68.39

BV 91 % of residents served by Kerbside Collection

99.80 96 91.61 98 100 71.65

5. CURRENT AND HISTORICAL WASTE PERFORMANCE

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The most important points demonstrated in Table 3 with regards to 07/08 figures are:

• Bournemouth was the top Unitary Authority for dry recycling with a percentage of 33.36%.

• Bournemouth, with a percentage of 7.65%, just escaped the bottom quartile for composting.

• Bournemouth was in the top quartile of Unitary Authorities for its HHW recycling and composting rate with 41.01%.

• Bournemouth sends more than the Unitary Authority average to landfill, 57.78%, however it was less than the median authority, 63.11%.

• Bournemouth just escaped the bottom quartile for Kg of waste per person, 576kg. Bournemouth’s figure of 512kg is considerably more than the average of 477kg and the best performing authority of 375kg.

• Bournemouth spends less than average on collection costs per household £51.07, although it is a long way from reaching the top quartile.

• Bournemouth spends less than average on the cost of disposal per tonne of municipal waste, with a cost of £45.99 per tonne.

• Bournemouth provides more than the Unitary Authority average number of Households with a kerbside service, currently 96%.

From April 2008 the ‘New Performance Framework for Local Authorities and Local Authority Partnerships: Single Set of National Indicators’ (NI) came into force. The three new waste indicators are:

• NI 191 – Residual household waste per household

• NI 192 – Household waste reused, recycled and composted

• NI 193 – Municipal waste land filled. Table 4: NI data for Bournemouth 2008/09 and 2009/10 and Unitary Authority figures for 2009/10

NI 2008/0

9 2009/10

2009/10 National Figures for Unitary Authorities

Average Median Top

Quartile Bottom Quartile

NI 191 Residual Household Waste per Household (kg)

537.14 469.99 644.25 645.56 1452.86 451.74

NI 192 Household Waste Re-used, Recycled and Composted (%)

42.9 50 36.94 36.93 55.48 16.85

NI193 Municipal Waste Sent to Landfill (%)

56.8 37.8 44.92 50.82 77.35 0

Table 4 shows the NI figures for 2008/09 and 2009/10, compared with the National Figures for Unitary Authorities. Bournemouth performs very well when looking at NI 191 with 469.99kg per household of waste collected, compared to an average of 645.22kg. Bournemouth also re-used, recycled and composted far more than average in 2009/10 with 50% compared to an average of 36.94%. From 2008/09 to 2009/10 Bournemouth has

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dramatically decreased the amount of waste which it sends to landfill with a much lower percentage than the average of 44.92%.

5.2 Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme (LATS) The Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme (LATS) was introduced on the 1st of April 2005 and imposes significant and innovative changes in waste policy and practice for the diversion of BMW from landfill. It is intended to provide a cost effective way of enabling England to meet its targets for reducing the amount of BMW sent to landfill under Article 5(2) of the EC Landfill Directive. Under the scheme, tradable allowances convey the right for a waste disposal authority to landfill a certain amount of BMW in a specified scheme year. Key aspects of LATS are: 1. Tradable allowances have been allocated to each waste disposal authority at a level

that will enable England to meet its targets, and subsequently the UK to meet its targets under the Landfill Directive.

2. A single tradable landfill allowance allows an authority to landfill one tonne of BMW. 3. If an allowance is not needed or the authority expects not to need all of its

allowances in one or more scheme years the authority can sell them, or bank (save) them into the following year.

4. The flexibilities of trading, banking and borrowing enable waste disposal authorities to meet their obligations under the scheme in the most cost effective way.

5. Unlimited banking is allowed between target years but allowances cannot be banked in a target year or the year preceding a target year.

6. Authorities are able to borrow up to 5% of the next year's allowance, although allowances cannot be borrowed in a target year or the year preceding a target year as this may cause England as a whole to breach its target.

7. A fixed penalty of £150/tonne will be incurred if an authority fails to hold sufficient allowances for the amount of BMW it sends to landfill in a scheme year.

8. Authorities can pool their allowances in order to invest in a shared facility, although each authority remains responsible for meeting its own targets.

It should be noted however, that the government announced on 14th June 2011 that they will be ending the Landfill Allowance Trading Scheme (LATS) at the end of the 2012/13 scheme year as Landfill Tax is proving to be a more significant driver for change. The Council are currently in a strong position and will maintain a LATS surplus until 2013.

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5.3 Cost of Treatment and Disposal Figure 7: Cost of waste treatment and disposal per tonne

Under the current contracts for refuse and recycling it can clearly be seen that the cost of sending refuse to landfill is increasing and has overtaken the cost of treating recycling. Based on treatment and disposal costs alone it would be more cost effective to increase the amount of waste sent for recycling and reduce the amount of waste sent to landfill.

5.4 Reduction Performance Trends in the amount of waste produced by Bournemouth over the last 5 years can be seen in Figure 8. It is clear from the chart that MSW rates have decreased over the last 5 years. This is in part due to the introduction of the Big Bin/Little Bin Recycling Service and the current economic conditions slowing down consumption.

Cost of Treatment/Disposal per Tonne from 2005/06 - 2007/08

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2005/06 2006/07 2007/08

Year

£ Recycling

Refuse

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Figure 8: Trends in Municipal Waste 2005-2010

5.5 Re-use Performance The re-use figures shown in Figure 9 have been dropping steadily over the last few years due to a decline in the amount of items being re-used by Dorset Reclaim, a charity which the Council has close links with. Dorset Reclaim has been in operation for a number of years and started off strong but over recent years their figures have been declining. Re-use figures are however set to increase over the coming years with the re-introduction of the re-use area at Millhams Community Recycling Centre. This can be seen in the increase from 2008 to 2010.

80,000

85,000

90,000

95,000

100,000

105,000

2005/06 2006/07 2007/08 2008/09 2009/10

Tonnes

Year

Trend in Municipal Waste Collected

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Figure 9: Trends in the reuse of Municipal Waste 2006-2010

5.6 Composting Performance Bournemouth’s composting performance is below the Unitary Authority average and has historically been quite low. The introduction of Green Waste Kerbside Collection trials in 2006 and the introduction of the Green Waste Collection Scheme in 2008 are helping to improve the Councils performance on composting, as can be seen in Figure 10. The increase in performance between 2006/07 and 2007/08 would have been more pronounced except for the fact that street sweepings which were composted in previous years were not composted in 2007/08. From 2008 to 2010 there was a much greater increase in the amount of waste composted. Figure 10: Trends in the amount of municipal waste being sent for composting 2006-2010

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

2006/2007 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010

Ton

ne

s

Year

Household Waste Sent for Re-use

Waste Sent for

Re-use

0

2,000

4,000

6,000

8,000

10,000

12,000

14,000

16,000

2006/2007 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010

Ton

ne

s

Year

Household Waste Sent for Composting

Waste Sent for

Composting

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Approximately 46% of properties in Bournemouth have a garden. The Green Waste scheme is an opt-in service and in 2009 served 22,400 properties. This is a free service for residents and as such available funding limits the number of places on the scheme. Although this is a costly service it is important in order to meet our LATS targets. Diverting waste away from landfill will continue to be financially beneficial as Landfill Tax increases in the future.

5.7 Recycling Performance Before the introduction of the Big Bin/Little Bin Kerbside Recycling Scheme in 2006 the Council’s Recycling and Composting rate was 23.5%, however the introduction of the new kerbside service saw this jump in 2006/07 to 36.27% (based on a half year with the new scheme). Recycling and composting increased again in 2007/08 to 41.01%. In 2009/10 the proportion of household waste in England sent for reuse, recycling and composting was 39.7%, Bournemouth currently performs well above this national average with 50%.

5.8 Recovery Performance Figure 11: Trends in the amount of Household Waste sent for Recovery 2006-2010

Recovery performance increased markedly from 2005/06 to 2006/07 due to the introduction of the Big Bin/Little Bin Kerbside Recycling scheme. Any contamination collected was separated out at the MRF and sent for recovery. As the residents of Bournemouth adjusted to the Kerbside Recycling Scheme contamination has decreased, therefore resulting in a drop in recovery figures. There is a dramatic increase in the amount of waste sent for recovery from 2008/09 to 2009/10.

15933 31

3380

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

2006/2007 2007/2008 2008/2009 2009/2010

To

nn

es

Year

Household Waste Sent for Recovery

Waste Sent

for Recovery

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5.9 Disposal Performance From 2008/09 to 2009/10 Bournemouth has dramatically decreased the amount of waste which it sends to landfill with a much lower percentage than the average of 44.92%.

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Waste Data Flow is the web based system for municipal waste data reporting by UK Local Authorities to the Government. The system went live on 30 April 2004. The aim was to gradually replace the various and often repetitive waste questionnaires issued to Local Authorities by Government, departments, agencies, institutions and organisations with one essential data set. Waste Data Flow has replaced the DEFRA Municipal Waste Management Survey in England.

6. WASTE DATA FLOW INFORMATION

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Bournemouth Borough Council has undertaken two Kerbside Waste Analyses in recent history. Both analyses were two-phased (summer and winter) to account for seasonal differences. The first was undertaken in 2005/06 to determine the different material streams, and their quantities, found in the total waste presented at the kerbside (refuse and recycling). The aim of this study was to obtain valuable information to help with the design of the new Kerbside Recycling Scheme. The second waste analysis was carried out in 2007/08 to determine which recyclable items under the Big Bin/Little Bin scheme were still present in the residual (refuse) bin which could have been recycled. Contents of the recycling bin were not analysed in this study due to resource constraints. Garden waste was also a focus of this study to find out whether or not the garden waste scheme was having an effect on the amount of garden waste being sent to landfill. Figures 12 and 13 detail the contents of the refuse bin in 2005/06 and then in 2008/09 after the BB/LB scheme was rolled out. Figure 12: Kerbside Waste Analysis Results for the Residual Waste Bin in 2005-2006

7. KERBSIDE WASTE ANALYSIS

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Kitchen Organics, Garden Organics, Paper and Plastics make up the largest proportions of the residual waste in 2005/06. Under the Big Bin/Little Bin Recycling Scheme at least 39% of the contents of the residual waste bin in 2005/06 are potentially recyclable. At least a further 23% could be diverted away from landfill under the Green Waste Collection scheme. A further 22% could also be diverted if the Council were to introduce a food waste collection in the future. Figure 13: Kerbside Waste Analysis Results for the Residual Waste Bin in 2008-2009

Kitchen organics and plastics make up the largest proportion of waste in the residual bin in 2008/09. Up to 13% of the contents of the residual bin could be recycled under the Big Bin/Little Bin recycling scheme. Of the plastics category, plastic bottles accounted for less than 5%, suggesting these are being captured successfully for recycling. The majority of the glass category in the residual waste consisted of clear glass jars and bottles. This suggested that brown and green glass is being recycled more successfully and further work needs to be done to encourage the recycling of clear glass. The majority of the metals category was ferrous metal (food cans) suggesting that people are recycling drink (aluminium) cans but not food cans. (However this analysis was carried out based on weight and aluminium cans weigh less than steel cans). Of the metals category 16.5% was made up of aerosols even thought household aerosols can be recycled via the Big Bin/Little Bin recycling scheme. The vast majority of garden waste was items which could be composted using the Green Waste Collection Service. Figure 14 shows the differences in residual waste composition between properties with a green waste collection and those without in 2008/09.

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Figure 14: Differences in Residual Waste Composition between Properties with a Green Waste Collection and those without in 2008/09

Results show that those properties with a green waste collection had a higher percentage of green waste in their residual bin. There may be many explanations for example:

• Those properties on the garden waste scheme could have larger gardens

• Those properties on the green waste scheme could be more active gardeners, particularly through the winter months when garden activity generally decreases

It should be noted that the green waste bin is 140 litres in size and that the garden waste present in the residual bin of the properties with a green waste collection is likely to be garden waste which did not fit into the green waste bin.

Residual Waste Composition Comparison Between Green Waste Collection and Non-Green Waste Collection

Properties 2008/09

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Figure 15: Differences in Residual Waste Composition between 2005/06 and 2008/09

Figure 15 shows that the proportion of the contents being made up by Kitchen Organics has increased since 2005/06. It also shows that the proportion of garden waste in the bin has decreased as a result of the Green Waste Collection Service. The proportion of paper and cardboard, glass and metal has decreased since 2005/06; however the proportion of plastics has increased.

Residual Waste Composition Comparison Between 2005/06 and 2008/09

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8.1 Refuse (including hazardous household waste) Kerbside residual waste is treated by New Earth Solutions (NES) at their Mechanical Biological Treatment (MBT) plant (Canford, Dorset) together with elements of the trade waste collection, beach waste and street sweeping litter. The residual waste is sorted with recyclable and compostable material removed leaving the remaining residual waste for disposal.

Outputs from the MBT plant for secondary treatment are:

• Nutria 9 compost – used as capping material for Whites pit landfill, Wimborne

• Ferrous metals - taken to Simms Wimborne

• Scrap non-ferrous metals taken to Reliant Recycling located in Poole

• Plastics – taken to commercial recycling (reprocessor) at Wimborne

• Residuals – taken to Transwaste Cement kiln, East Yorkshire North Foriby

8.2 Recycling Collected kerbside mixed dry recycling is sent straight to a transfer station located in Poole, where it is bulked and added with Borough of Poole kerbside mixed dry recyclables then transported by road to Viridor Materials Recycling Facility (MRF) located in Crayford in Kent.

8.3 Green Waste Green waste collected at the kerbside and directly at Millhams HWRC site, is taken to the In-Vessel Composter (IVC) and/or Windrow composting plant run by Eco-Sustainable Solutions at Parley, Christchurch. Also small quantities are gathered in the summer months via Euro bins that are put out in Kings Park for green waste collection.

8.4 Bulky Household Waste Collection The Council’s bulky household waste collection service is delivered by an external contractor who charges users directly at a schedule of rates agreed with the Council. The contractor is responsible for the disposal of all of the materials collected.

8. CONTRACTUAL ARRANGEMENTS

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The core items of the contract include:

• Street Cleansing within the coastal area (day time)

• Litter picking the Wessex Way

• Christmas & New Year Cleansing Service (Borough wide)

• Collection of Bulky Household Waste

• Collection of bagged waste in a designated area

• Provision of ‘Safe & Clean’ teams (Boscombe)

• Public Convenience Cleansing (Borough wide)

• We can also use the rates within the contract for additional services (e.g. the Town Centre night time cleansing team)

9. STREET CLEANSING

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For more information about this document, please contact:

Larry Austin, Strategic Operations Manager

Telephone: 01202 451690

email: larry.austin@bournemouth.gov.uk