BOOK IV New Civil Code

7/27/2019 BOOK IV New Civil Code

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BOOK IV

OBLIGATIONS AND CONTRACTS

Title. I. - OBLIGATIONS

CHAPTER 1GENERAL PROVISIONS

Art. 1156. An obli!tion i" ! #$ri%i&!l ne&e""it' to i(e) to %o or not to %o. *n+

Art. 115,. Obli!tion" !ri"e ro/

*1+ L!0

*2+ Contr!&t"

*3+ 4$!"i-&ontr!&t"

*+ A&t" or oi""ion" $ni"7e% b' l!0 !n%

*5+ 4$!"i-%eli&t". *189:!+

Art. 1159. Obli!tion" %eri(e% ro l!0 !re not re"$e%. Onl' t7o"e e;re""l' %eterine% int7i" Co%e or in "e&i!l l!0" !re %e!n%!ble) !n% "7!ll be re$l!te% b' t7e re&et" o t7e l!007i&7 e"t!bli"7e" t7e !n% !" to 07!t 7!" not been ore"een) b' t7e ro(i"ion" o t7i" BooVII) o t7i" BooVIII o t7i" Boo


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Art. 1165. 7en 07!t i" to be %eli(ere% i" ! %eterin!te t7in) t7e &re%itor) in !%%ition to t7e

ri7t r!nte% 7i b' Arti&le 11,8) !' &oel t7e %ebtor to !


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Art. 11,3. T7e !$lt or nelien&e o t7e oblior &on"i"t" in t7e oi""ion o t7!t %ilien&e 07i&7

i" re=$ire% b' t7e n!t$re o t7e obli!tion !n% &orre"on%" 0it7 t7e &ir&$"t!n&e" o t7e

er"on") o t7e tie !n% o t7e l!&e. 7en nelien&e "7o0" b!% !it7) t7e ro(i"ion" o

Arti&le" 11,1 !n% 2281) !r!r!7 2) "7!ll !l'.

I t7e l!0 or &ontr!&t %oe" not "t!te t7e %ilien&e 07i&7 i" to be ob"er(e% in t7e eror!n&e)

t7!t 07i&7 i" e;e&te% o ! oo% !t7er o ! !il' "7!ll be re=$ire%. *118!+

Art. 11,. E;&et in &!"e" e;re""l' "e&iie% b' t7e l!0) or 07en it i" ot7er0i"e %e&l!re% b'

"ti$l!tion) or 07en t7e n!t$re o t7e obli!tion re=$ire" t7e !""$tion o ri"


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Art. 1193. Io""ible &on%ition") t7o"e &ontr!r' to oo% &$"to" or $bli& oli&' !n% t7o"e

ro7ibite% b' l!0 "7!ll !nn$l t7e obli!tion 07i&7 %een%" $on t7e. I t7e obli!tion i"

%i(i"ible) t7!t !rt t7ereo 07i&7 i" not !e&te% b' t7e io""ible or $nl!0$l &on%ition "7!ll be

(!li%.

T7e &on%ition not to %o !n io""ible t7in "7!ll be &on"i%ere% !" not 7!(in been !ree%

$on. *1116!+

Art. 119. T7e &on%ition t7!t "oe e(ent 7!en !t ! %eterin!te tie "7!ll e;tin$i"7 t7e

obli!tion !" "oon !" t7e tie e;ire" or i it 7!" be&oe in%$bit!ble t7!t t7e e(ent 0ill not t!


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*+ I it %eterior!te" t7ro$7 t7e !$lt o t7e %ebtor) t7e &re%itor !' &7oo"e bet0een t7e

re"&i""ion o t7e obli!tion !n% it" $lillent) 0it7 in%enit' or %!!e" in eit7er &!"e

*5+ I t7e t7in i" iro(e% b' it" n!t$re) or b' tie) t7e iro(eent "7!ll in$re to t7e

beneit o t7e &re%itor

*6+ I it i" iro(e% !t t7e e;en"e o t7e %ebtor) 7e "7!ll 7!(e no ot7er ri7t t7!n t7!t

r!nte% to t7e $"$r$&t$!r'. *1122+

Art. 11:8. 7en t7e &on%ition" 7!(e or t7eir $ro"e t7e e;tin$i"7ent o !n obli!tion toi(e) t7e !rtie") $on t7e $lillent o "!i% &on%ition") "7!ll ret$rn to e!&7 ot7er 07!t t7e'7!(e re&ei(e%.

In &!"e o t7e lo"") %eterior!tion or iro(eent o t7e t7in) t7e ro(i"ion" 07i&7) 0it7 re"e&t

to t7e %ebtor) !re l!i% %o0n in t7e re&e%in !rti&le "7!ll be !lie% to t7e !rt' 07o i" bo$n% to

ret$rn.

A" or t7e obli!tion" to %o !n% not to %o) t7e ro(i"ion" o t7e "e&on% !r!r!7 o Arti&le 119,

"7!ll be ob"er(e% !" re!r%" t7e ee&t o t7e e;tin$i"7ent o t7e obli!tion. *1123+

Art. 11:1. T7e o0er to re"&in% obli!tion" i" ilie% in re&iro&!l one") in &!"e one o t7e

oblior" "7o$l% not &ol' 0it7 07!t i" in&$bent $on 7i.

T7e in#$re% !rt' !' &7oo"e bet0een t7e $lillent !n% t7e re"&i""ion o t7e obli!tion) 0it7

t7e !'ent o %!!e" in eit7er &!"e. He !' !l"o "ee< re"&i""ion) e(en !ter 7e 7!" &7o"en

$lillent) i t7e l!tter "7o$l% be&oe io""ible.

T7e &o$rt "7!ll %e&ree t7e re"&i""ion &l!ie%) $nle"" t7ere be #$"t &!$"e !$t7oriin t7e i;in

o ! erio%.

T7i" i" $n%er"too% to be 0it7o$t re#$%i&e to t7e ri7t" o t7ir% er"on" 07o 7!(e !&=$ire% t7e

t7in) in !&&or%!n&e 0it7 Arti&le" 1395 !n% 1399 !n% t7e ort!e L!0. *112+

Art. 11:2. In &!"e bot7 !rtie" 7!(e &oitte% ! bre!&7 o t7e obli!tion) t7e li!bilit' o t7e ir"t

inr!&tor "7!ll be e=$it!bl' teere% b' t7e &o$rt". I it &!nnot be %eterine% 07i&7 o t7e

!rtie" ir"t (iol!te% t7e &ontr!&t) t7e "!e "7!ll be %eee% e;tin$i"7e%) !n% e!&7 "7!ll be!r7i" o0n %!!e". *n+

SECTION 2. - Obli!tion" 0it7 ! Perio%

Art. 11:3. Obli!tion" or 07o"e $lillent ! %!' &ert!in 7!" been i;e%) "7!ll be %e!n%!bleonl' 07en t7!t %!' &oe".

Obli!tion" 0it7 ! re"ol$tor' erio% t!


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Art. 11:. In &!"e o lo"") %eterior!tion or iro(eent o t7e t7in beore t7e !rri(!l o t7e %!'

&ert!in) t7e r$le" in Arti&le 119: "7!ll be ob"er(e%. *n+

Art. 11:5. An't7in !i% or %eli(ere% beore t7e !rri(!l o t7e erio%) t7e oblior bein $n!0!re

o t7e erio% or belie(in t7!t t7e obli!tion 7!" be&oe %$e !n% %e!n%!ble) !' be

re&o(ere%) 0it7 t7e r$it" !n% intere"t". *1126!+

Art. 11:6. 7ene(er in !n obli!tion ! erio% i" %e"in!te%) it i" re"$e% to 7!(e been

e"t!bli"7e% or t7e beneit o bot7 t7e &re%itor !n% t7e %ebtor) $nle"" ro t7e tenor o t7e "!e

or ot7er &ir&$"t!n&e" it "7o$l% !e!r t7!t t7e erio% 7!" been e"t!bli"7e% in !(or o one or

o t7e ot7er. *112,+

Art. 11:,. I t7e obli!tion %oe" not i; ! erio%) b$t ro it" n!t$re !n% t7e &ir&$"t!n&e" it &!n

be inerre% t7!t ! erio% 0!" inten%e%) t7e &o$rt" !' i; t7e %$r!tion t7ereo.

T7e &o$rt" "7!ll !l"o i; t7e %$r!tion o t7e erio% 07en it %een%" $on t7e 0ill o t7e %ebtor.

In e(er' &!"e) t7e &o$rt" "7!ll %eterine "$&7 erio% !" !' $n%er t7e &ir&$"t!n&e" 7!(e

been rob!bl' &ontel!te% b' t7e !rtie". On&e i;e% b' t7e &o$rt") t7e erio% &!nnot be

&7!ne% b' t7e. *1129!+

Art. 11:9. T7e %ebtor "7!ll lo"e e(er' ri7t to !


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Art. 1281. T7e &7oi&e "7!ll ro%$&e no ee&t e;&et ro t7e tie it 7!" been &o$ni&!te%.

*1133+

Art. 1282. T7e %ebtor "7!ll lo"e t7e ri7t o &7oi&e 07en !on t7e re"t!tion" 07ereb' 7e i"

!ltern!ti(el' bo$n%) onl' one i" r!&ti&!ble. *113+

Art. 1283. I t7ro$7 t7e &re%itor" !&t" t7e %ebtor &!nnot !


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Art. 1289. I ro t7e l!0) or t7e n!t$re or t7e 0or%in o t7e obli!tion" to 07i&7 t7e re&e%in

!rti&le reer" t7e &ontr!r' %oe" not !e!r) t7e &re%it or %ebt "7!ll be re"$e% to be %i(i%e%

into !" !n' "7!re" !" t7ere !re &re%itor" or %ebtor") t7e &re%it" or %ebt" bein &on"i%ere%

%i"tin&t ro one !not7er) "$b#e&t to t7e R$le" o Co$rt o(ernin t7e $ltili&it' o "$it".

*1139!+

Art. 128:. I t7e %i(i"ion i" io""ible) t7e ri7t o t7e &re%itor" !' be re#$%i&e% onl' b' t7eir

&olle&ti(e !&t") !n% t7e %ebt &!n be enor&e% onl' b' ro&ee%in !!in"t !ll t7e %ebtor". I one

o t7e l!tter "7o$l% be in"ol(ent) t7e ot7er" "7!ll not be li!ble or 7i" "7!re. *113:+

Art. 1218. T7e in%i(i"ibilit' o !n obli!tion %oe" not ne&e""!ril' i(e ri"e to "oli%!rit'. Nor %oe"

"oli%!rit' o it"el il' in%i(i"ibilit'. *n+

Art. 1211. Soli%!rit' !' e;i"t !lt7o$7 t7e &re%itor" !n% t7e %ebtor" !' not be bo$n% in t7e

"!e !nner !n% b' t7e "!e erio%" !n% &on%ition". *118+

Art. 1212. E!&7 one o t7e "oli%!r' &re%itor" !' %o 07!te(er !' be $"e$l to t7e ot7er") b$t

not !n't7in 07i&7 !' be re#$%i&i!l to t7e l!tter. *111!+

Art. 1213. A "oli%!r' &re%itor &!nnot !""in 7i" ri7t" 0it7o$t t7e &on"ent o t7e ot7er". *n+

Art. 121. T7e %ebtor !' !' !n' one o t7e "oli%!r' &re%itor" b$t i !n' %e!n%) #$%i&i!l or

e;tr!#$%i&i!l) 7!" been !%e b' one o t7e) !'ent "7o$l% be !%e to 7i. *112!+

Art. 1215. No(!tion) &oen"!tion) &on$"ion or rei""ion o t7e %ebt) !%e b' !n' o t7e

"oli%!r' &re%itor" or 0it7 !n' o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor") "7!ll e;tin$i"7 t7e obli!tion) 0it7o$t

re#$%i&e to t7e ro(i"ion" o Arti&le 121:.

T7e &re%itor 07o !' 7!(e e;e&$te% !n' o t7e"e !&t") !" 0ell !" 7e 07o &olle&t" t7e %ebt)

"7!ll be li!ble to t7e ot7er" or t7e "7!re in t7e obli!tion &orre"on%in to t7e. *113+

Art. 1216. T7e &re%itor !' ro&ee% !!in"t !n' one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor" or "oe or !ll o

t7e "i$lt!neo$"l'. T7e %e!n% !%e !!in"t one o t7e "7!ll not be !n ob"t!&le to t7o"e

07i&7 !' "$b"e=$entl' be %ire&te% !!in"t t7e ot7er") "o lon !" t7e %ebt 7!" not been $ll'

&olle&te%. *11!+

Art. 121,. P!'ent !%e b' one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor" e;tin$i"7e" t7e obli!tion. I t0o or

ore "oli%!r' %ebtor" oer to !') t7e &re%itor !' &7oo"e 07i&7 oer to !&&et.

He 07o !%e t7e !'ent !' &l!i ro 7i" &o-%ebtor" onl' t7e "7!re 07i&7 &orre"on%" to

e!&7) 0it7 t7e intere"t or t7e !'ent !lre!%' !%e. I t7e !'ent i" !%e beore t7e %ebt i"

%$e) no intere"t or t7e inter(enin erio% !' be %e!n%e%.

7en one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor" &!nnot) be&!$"e o 7i" in"ol(en&') reib$r"e 7i" "7!re to t7e

%ebtor !'in t7e obli!tion) "$&7 "7!re "7!ll be borne b' !ll 7i" &o-%ebtor") in roortion to t7e%ebt o e!&7. *115!+

Art. 1219. P!'ent b' ! "oli%!r' %ebtor "7!ll not entitle 7i to reib$r"eent ro 7i" &o-

%ebtor" i "$&7 !'ent i" !%e !ter t7e obli!tion 7!" re"&ribe% or be&oe ille!l. *n+


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Art. 121:. T7e rei""ion !%e b' t7e &re%itor o t7e "7!re 07i&7 !e&t" one o t7e "oli%!r'

%ebtor" %oe" not rele!"e t7e l!tter ro 7i" re"on"ibilit' to0!r%" t7e &o-%ebtor") in &!"e t7e

%ebt 7!% been tot!ll' !i% b' !n'one o t7e beore t7e rei""ion 0!" ee&te%. *116!+

Art. 1228. T7e rei""ion o t7e 07ole obli!tion) obt!ine% b' one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor") %oe"

not entitle 7i to reib$r"eent ro 7i" &o-%ebtor". *n+

Art. 1221. I t7e t7in 7!" been lo"t or i t7e re"t!tion 7!" be&oe io""ible 0it7o$t t7e !$lt

o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor") t7e obli!tion "7!ll be e;tin$i"7e%.

I t7ere 0!" !$lt on t7e !rt o !n' one o t7e) !ll "7!ll be re"on"ible to t7e &re%itor) or t7e

ri&e !n% t7e !'ent o %!!e" !n% intere"t) 0it7o$t re#$%i&e to t7eir !&tion !!in"t t7e

$ilt' or nelient %ebtor.

I t7ro$7 ! ort$ito$" e(ent) t7e t7in i" lo"t or t7e eror!n&e 7!" be&oe io""ible !ter

one o t7e "oli%!r' %ebtor" 7!" in&$rre% in %el!' t7ro$7 t7e #$%i&i!l or e;tr!#$%i&i!l %e!n%

$on 7i b' t7e &re%itor) t7e ro(i"ion" o t7e re&e%in !r!r!7 "7!ll !l'. *11,!+

Art. 1222. A "oli%!r' %ebtor !') in !&tion" ile% b' t7e &re%itor) !(!il 7i"el o !ll %een"e"

07i&7 !re %eri(e% ro t7e n!t$re o t7e obli!tion !n% o t7o"e 07i&7 !re er"on!l to 7i) or

ert!in to 7i" o0n "7!re. it7 re"e&t to t7o"e 07i&7 er"on!ll' belon to t7e ot7er") 7e !'

!(!il 7i"el t7ereo onl' !" re!r%" t7!t !rt o t7e %ebt or 07i&7 t7e l!tter !re re"on"ible.

*119!+

SECTION 5. - Di(i"ible !n% In%i(i"ible Obli!tion"

Art. 1223. T7e %i(i"ibilit' or in%i(i"ibilit' o t7e t7in" t7!t !re t7e ob#e&t o obli!tion" in 07i&7t7ere i" onl' one %ebtor !n% onl' one &re%itor %oe" not !lter or o%i' t7e ro(i"ion" o C7!ter2 o t7i" Title. *11:+

Art. 122. A #oint in%i(i"ible obli!tion i(e" ri"e to in%enit' or %!!e" ro t7e tie !n'one

o t7e %ebtor" %oe" not &ol' 0it7 7i" $n%ert!


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Art. 1226. In obli!tion" 0it7 ! en!l &l!$"e) t7e en!lt' "7!ll "$b"tit$te t7e in%enit' or%!!e" !n% t7e !'ent o intere"t" in &!"e o non&oli!n&e) i t7ere i" no "ti$l!tion to t7e&ontr!r'. Ne(ert7ele"") %!!e" "7!ll be !i% i t7e oblior re$"e" to !' t7e en!lt' or i"$ilt' o r!$% in t7e $lillent o t7e obli!tion.

T7e en!lt' !' be enor&e% onl' 07en it i" %e!n%!ble in !&&or%!n&e 0it7 t7e ro(i"ion" o

t7i" Co%e. *1152!+

Art. 122,. T7e %ebtor &!nnot e;et 7i"el ro t7e eror!n&e o t7e obli!tion b' !'in

t7e en!lt') "!(e in t7e &!"e 07ere t7i" ri7t 7!" been e;re""l' re"er(e% or 7i. Neit7er &!n

t7e &re%itor %e!n% t7e $lillent o t7e obli!tion !n% t7e "!ti"!&tion o t7e en!lt' !t t7e

"!e tie) $nle"" t7i" ri7t 7!" been &le!rl' r!nte% 7i. Ho0e(er) i !ter t7e &re%itor 7!"

%e&i%e% to re=$ire t7e $lillent o t7e obli!tion) t7e eror!n&e t7ereo "7o$l% be&oe

io""ible 0it7o$t 7i" !$lt) t7e en!lt' !' be enor&e%. *1153!+

Art. 1229. Proo o !&t$!l %!!e" "$ere% b' t7e &re%itor i" not ne&e""!r' in or%er t7!t t7e

en!lt' !' be %e!n%e%. *n+

Art. 122:. T7e #$%e "7!ll e=$it!bl' re%$&e t7e en!lt' 07en t7e rin&i!l obli!tion 7!" been

!rtl' or irre$l!rl' &olie% 0it7 b' t7e %ebtor. E(en i t7ere 7!" been no eror!n&e) t7e

en!lt' !' !l"o be re%$&e% b' t7e &o$rt" i it i" ini=$ito$" or $n&on"&ion!ble. *115!+

Art. 1238. T7e n$llit' o t7e en!l &l!$"e %oe" not &!rr' 0it7 it t7!t o t7e rin&i!l obli!tion.

T7e n$llit' o t7e rin&i!l obli!tion &!rrie" 0it7 it t7!t o t7e en!l &l!$"e. *1155+

CHAPTER E>TING?ISHENT O@ OBLIGATIONS

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Art. 1231. Obli!tion" !re e;tin$i"7e%/

*1+ B' !'ent or eror!n&e/

*2+ B' t7e lo"" o t7e t7in %$e/

*3+ B' t7e &on%on!tion or rei""ion o t7e %ebt

*+ B' t7e &on$"ion or erer o t7e ri7t" o &re%itor !n% %ebtor

*5+ B' &oen"!tion

*6+ B' no(!tion.

Ot7er &!$"e" o e;tin$i"7ent o obli!tion") "$&7 !" !nn$lent) re"&i""ion) $lillent o !

re"ol$tor' &on%ition) !n% re"&rition) !re o(erne% el"e07ere in t7i" Co%e. *1156!+

SECTION 1. - P!'ent or Peror!n&e

Art. 1232. P!'ent e!n" not onl' t7e %eli(er' o one' b$t !l"o t7e eror!n&e) in !n' ot7er!nner) o !n obli!tion. *n+


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Art. 1233. A %ebt "7!ll not be $n%er"too% to 7!(e been !i% $nle"" t7e t7in or "er(i&e in 07i&7

t7e obli!tion &on"i"t" 7!" been &oletel' %eli(ere% or ren%ere%) !" t7e &!"e !' be. *115,+

Art. 123. I t7e obli!tion 7!" been "$b"t!nti!ll' erore% in oo% !it7) t7e oblior !'

re&o(er !" t7o$7 t7ere 7!% been ! "tri&t !n% &olete $lillent) le"" %!!e" "$ere% b'

t7e obliee. *n+

Art. 1235. 7en t7e obliee !&&et" t7e eror!n&e)


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Art. 12. T7e %ebtor o ! t7in &!nnot &oel t7e &re%itor to re&ei(e ! %ierent one) !lt7o$7

t7e l!tter !' be o t7e "!e (!l$e !") or ore (!l$!ble t7!n t7!t 07i&7 i" %$e.

In obli!tion" to %o or not to %o) !n !&t or orbe!r!n&e &!nnot be "$b"tit$te% b' !not7er !&t or

orbe!r!n&e !!in"t t7e obliee" 0ill. *1166!+

Art. 125. D!tion in !'ent) 07ereb' roert' i" !lien!te% to t7e &re%itor in "!ti"!&tion o !

%ebt in one') "7!ll be o(erne% b' t7e l!0 o "!le". *n+

Art. 126. 7en t7e obli!tion &on"i"t" in t7e %eli(er' o !n in%eterin!te or eneri& t7in)

07o"e =$!lit' !n% &ir&$"t!n&e" 7!(e not been "t!te%) t7e &re%itor &!nnot %e!n% ! t7in o

"$erior =$!lit'. Neit7er &!n t7e %ebtor %eli(er ! t7in o inerior =$!lit'. T7e $ro"e o t7e

obli!tion !n% ot7er &ir&$"t!n&e" "7!ll be t!


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T7e"e ro(i"ion" !re 0it7o$t re#$%i&e to (en$e $n%er t7e R$le" o Co$rt. *11,1!+

S?BSECTION 1. - Ali&!tion o P!'ent"

Art. 1252. He 07o 7!" (!rio$" %ebt" o t7e "!e


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T7e &on"in!tion "7!ll be inee&t$!l i it i" not !%e "tri&tl' in &on"on!n&e 0it7 t7e ro(i"ion"

07i&7 re$l!te !'ent. *11,,+

Art. 1259. Con"in!tion "7!ll be !%e b' %eo"itin t7e t7in" %$e !t t7e %i"o"!l o #$%i&i!l

!$t7orit') beore 07o t7e ten%er o !'ent "7!ll be ro(e%) in ! roer &!"e) !n% t7e

!nno$n&eent o t7e &on"in!tion in ot7er &!"e".

T7e &on"in!tion 7!(in been !%e) t7e intere"te% !rtie" "7!ll !l"o be notiie% t7ereo. *11,9+

Art. 125:. T7e e;en"e" o &on"in!tion) 07en roerl' !%e) "7!ll be &7!re% !!in"t t7e

&re%itor. *11,9+

Art. 1268. On&e t7e &on"in!tion 7!" been %$l' !%e) t7e %ebtor !' !"< t7e #$%e to or%er

t7e &!n&ell!tion o t7e obli!tion.

Beore t7e &re%itor 7!" !&&ete% t7e &on"in!tion) or beore ! #$%i&i!l %e&l!r!tion t7!t t7e

&on"in!tion 7!" been roerl' !%e) t7e %ebtor !' 0it7%r!0 t7e t7in or t7e "$ %eo"ite%)

!llo0in t7e obli!tion to re!in in or&e. *1198+

Art. 1261. I) t7e &on"in!tion 7!(in been !%e) t7e &re%itor "7o$l% !$t7orie t7e %ebtor to

0it7%r!0 t7e "!e) 7e "7!ll lo"e e(er' reeren&e 07i&7 7e !' 7!(e o(er t7e t7in. T7e &o-

%ebtor") $!r!ntor" !n% "$retie" "7!ll be rele!"e%. *1191!+

SECTION 2. - Lo"" o t7e T7in D$e

Art. 1262. An obli!tion 07i&7 &on"i"t" in t7e %eli(er' o ! %eterin!te t7in "7!ll bee;tin$i"7e% i it "7o$l% be lo"t or %e"tro'e% 0it7o$t t7e !$lt o t7e %ebtor) !n% beore 7e 7!"in&$rre% in %el!'.

7en b' l!0 or "ti$l!tion) t7e oblior i" li!ble e(en or ort$ito$" e(ent") t7e lo"" o t7e t7in

%oe" not e;tin$i"7 t7e obli!tion) !n% 7e "7!ll be re"on"ible or %!!e". T7e "!e r$le

!lie" 07en t7e n!t$re o t7e obli!tion re=$ire" t7e !""$tion o ri"


15/73

Art. 1269. 7en t7e %ebt o ! t7in &ert!in !n% %eterin!te ro&ee%" ro ! &riin!l oen"e)

t7e %ebtor "7!ll not be e;ete% ro t7e !'ent o it" ri&e) 07!te(er !' be t7e &!$"e or

t7e lo"") $nle"" t7e t7in 7!(in been oere% b' 7i to t7e er"on 07o "7o$l% re&ei(e it) t7e

l!tter re$"e% 0it7o$t #$"tii&!tion to !&&et it. *1195+

Art. 126:. T7e obli!tion 7!(in been e;tin$i"7e% b' t7e lo"" o t7e t7in) t7e &re%itor "7!ll

7!(e !ll t7e ri7t" o !&tion 07i&7 t7e %ebtor !' 7!(e !!in"t t7ir% er"on" b' re!"on o t7e

lo"". *1196+

SECTION 3. - Con%on!tion or Rei""ion o t7e Debt

Art. 12,8. Con%on!tion or rei""ion i" e""enti!ll' r!t$ito$") !n% re=$ire" t7e !&&et!n&e b't7e oblior. It !' be !%e e;re""l' or ilie%l'.

One !n% t7e ot7er


16/73

Art. 12,9. Coen"!tion "7!ll t!


17/73

Neit7er &!n &oen"!tion be "et $ !!in"t ! &re%itor 07o 7!" ! &l!i or "$ort %$e b'

r!t$ito$" title) 0it7o$t re#$%i&e to t7e ro(i"ion" o !r!r!7 2 o Arti&le 381. *1288!+

Art. 1299. Neit7er "7!ll t7ere be &oen"!tion i one o t7e %ebt" &on"i"t" in &i(il li!bilit' !ri"in

ro ! en!l oen"e. *n+

Art. 129:. I ! er"on "7o$l% 7!(e !!in"t 7i "e(er!l %ebt" 07i&7 !re "$"&etible o

&oen"!tion) t7e r$le" on t7e !li&!tion o !'ent" "7!ll !l' to t7e or%er o t7e

&oen"!tion. *1281+

Art. 12:8. 7en !ll t7e re=$i"ite" entione% in Arti&le 12,: !re re"ent) &oen"!tion t!


18/73

Art. 12::. I t7e oriin!l obli!tion 0!" "$b#e&t to ! "$"en"i(e or re"ol$tor' &on%ition) t7e ne0

obli!tion "7!ll be $n%er t7e "!e &on%ition) $nle"" it i" ot7er0i"e "ti$l!te%. *n+

Art. 1388. S$bro!tion o ! t7ir% er"on in t7e ri7t" o t7e &re%itor i" eit7er le!l or

&on(ention!l. T7e orer i" not re"$e%) e;&et in &!"e" e;re""l' entione% in t7i" Co%e

t7e l!tter $"t be &le!rl' e"t!bli"7e% in or%er t7!t it !' t!


19/73

Art. 1318. T7e %eterin!tion "7!ll not be obli!tor' i it i" e(i%entl' ine=$it!ble. In "$&7 &!"e)

t7e &o$rt" "7!ll %e&i%e 07!t i" e=$it!ble $n%er t7e &ir&$"t!n&e". *n+

Art. 1311. Contr!&t" t!


20/73

Art. 131:. Con"ent i" !nie"te% b' t7e eetin o t7e oer !n% t7e !&&et!n&e $on t7e t7in!n% t7e &!$"e 07i&7 !re to &on"tit$te t7e &ontr!&t. T7e oer $"t be &ert!in !n% t7e!&&et!n&e !b"ol$te. A =$!liie% !&&et!n&e &on"tit$te" ! &o$nter-oer.

A&&et!n&e !%e b' letter or teler! %oe" not bin% t7e oerer e;&et ro t7e tie it &!e to

7i"


21/73

A "ile i"t!


22/73

Art. 13. In or%er t7!t r!$% !' !


23/73

Art. 1355. E;&et in &!"e" "e&iie% b' l!0) le"ion or in!%e=$!&' o &!$"e "7!ll not in(!li%!te !

&ontr!&t) $nle"" t7ere 7!" been r!$%) i"t!


24/73

Art. 1362. I one !rt' 0!" i"t!


25/73

Art. 13,3. I "oe "ti$l!tion o !n' &ontr!&t "7o$l% !%it o "e(er!l e!nin") it "7!ll be

$n%er"too% !" be!rin t7!t iort 07i&7 i" o"t !%e=$!te to ren%er it ee&t$!l. *129+

Art. 13,. T7e (!rio$" "ti$l!tion" o ! &ontr!&t "7!ll be interrete% toet7er) !ttrib$tin to t7e

%o$bt$l one" t7!t "en"e 07i&7 !' re"$lt ro !ll o t7e t!


26/73

Art. 1392. P!'ent" !%e in ! "t!te o in"ol(en&' or obli!tion" to 07o"e $lillent t7e %ebtor&o$l% not be &oelle% !t t7e tie t7e' 0ere ee&te%) !re !l"o re"&i""ible. *12:2+

Art. 1393. T7e !&tion or re"&i""ion i" "$b"i%i!r' it &!nnot be in"tit$te% e;&et 07en t7e !rt'

"$erin %!!e 7!" no ot7er le!l e!n" to obt!in re!r!tion or t7e "!e. *12:+

Art. 139. Re"&i""ion "7!ll be onl' to t7e e;tent ne&e""!r' to &o(er t7e %!!e" &!$"e%. *n+

Art. 1395. Re"&i""ion &re!te" t7e obli!tion to ret$rn t7e t7in" 07i&7 0ere t7e ob#e&t o t7e

&ontr!&t) toet7er 0it7 t7eir r$it") !n% t7e ri&e 0it7 it" intere"t &on"e=$entl') it &!n be &!rrie%

o$t onl' 07en 7e 07o %e!n%" re"&i""ion &!n ret$rn 07!te(er 7e !' be oblie% to re"tore.

Neit7er "7!ll re"&i""ion t!


27/73

*2+ T7o"e 07ere t7e &on"ent i" (iti!te% b' i"t!


28/73

Art. 181. T7e !&tion or !nn$lent o &ontr!&t" "7!ll be e;tin$i"7e% 07en t7e t7in 07i&7 i"

t7e ob#e&t t7ereo i" lo"t t7ro$7 t7e r!$% or !$lt o t7e er"on 07o 7!" ! ri7t to in"tit$te t7e

ro&ee%in".

I t7e ri7t o !&tion i" b!"e% $on t7e in&!!&it' o !n' one o t7e &ontr!&tin !rtie") t7e lo""

o t7e t7in "7!ll not be !n ob"t!&le to t7e "$&&e"" o t7e !&tion) $nle"" "!i% lo"" too< l!&e

t7ro$7 t7e r!$% or !$lt o t7e l!inti. *131!+

Art. 182. A" lon !" one o t7e &ontr!&tin !rtie" %oe" not re"tore 07!t in (irt$e o t7e %e&ree

o !nn$lent 7e i" bo$n% to ret$rn) t7e ot7er &!nnot be &oelle% to &ol' 0it7 07!t i"

in&$bent $on 7i. *1389+

CHAPTER 9?NEN@ORCEABLE CONTRACTS *n+

Art. 183. T7e ollo0in &ontr!&t" !re $nenor&e!ble) $nle"" t7e' !re r!tiie%/

*1+ T7o"e entere% into in t7e n!e o !not7er er"on b' one 07o 7!" been i(en no

!$t7orit' or le!l rere"ent!tion) or 07o 7!" !&te% be'on% 7i" o0er"

*2+ T7o"e t7!t %o not &ol' 0it7 t7e St!t$te o @r!$%" !" "et ort7 in t7i" n$ber. In t7e

ollo0in &!"e" !n !reeent 7ere!ter !%e "7!ll be $nenor&e!ble b' !&tion) $nle""

t7e "!e) or "oe note or eor!n%$) t7ereo) be in 0ritin) !n% "$b"&ribe% b' t7e

!rt' &7!re%) or b' 7i" !ent e(i%en&e) t7ereore) o t7e !reeent &!nnot be re&ei(e%

0it7o$t t7e 0ritin) or ! "e&on%!r' e(i%en&e o it" &ontent"/

*!+ An !reeent t7!t b' it" ter" i" not to be erore% 0it7in ! 'e!r ro t7e

!


29/73

Art. 185. Contr!&t" inrinin t7e St!t$te o @r!$%") reerre% to in No. 2 o Arti&le 183) !re

r!tiie% b' t7e !il$re to ob#e&t to t7e re"ent!tion o or!l e(i%en&e to ro(e t7e "!e) or b' t7e

!&&et!n&e o beneit $n%er t7e.

Art. 186. 7en ! &ontr!&t i" enor&e!ble $n%er t7e St!t$te o @r!$%") !n% ! $bli& %o&$ent i"

ne&e""!r' or it" rei"tr!tion in t7e Rei"tr' o Dee%") t7e !rtie" !' !(!il t7e"el(e" o t7e

ri7t $n%er Arti&le 135,.

Art. 18,. In ! &ontr!&t 07ere bot7 !rtie" !re in&!!ble o i(in &on"ent) e;re"" or ilie%

r!tii&!tion b' t7e !rent) or $!r%i!n) !" t7e &!"e !' be) o one o t7e &ontr!&tin !rtie" "7!ll

i(e t7e &ontr!&t t7e "!e ee&t !" i onl' one o t7e 0ere in&!!&it!te%.

I r!tii&!tion i" !%e b' t7e !rent" or $!r%i!n") !" t7e &!"e !' be) o bot7 &ontr!&tin

!rtie") t7e &ontr!&t "7!ll be (!li%!te% ro t7e in&etion.

Art. 189. ?nenor&e!ble &ontr!&t" &!nnot be !""!ile% b' t7ir% er"on".

CHAPTER :VOID AND INE>ISTENT CONTRACTS

Art. 18:. T7e ollo0in &ontr!&t" !re ine;i"tent !n% (oi% ro t7e beinnin/

*1+ T7o"e 07o"e &!$"e) ob#e&t or $ro"e i" &ontr!r' to l!0) or!l") oo% &$"to")

$bli& or%er or $bli& oli&'

*2+ T7o"e 07i&7 !re !b"ol$tel' "i$l!te% or i&titio$"

*3+ T7o"e 07o"e &!$"e or ob#e&t %i% not e;i"t !t t7e tie o t7e tr!n"!&tion

*+ T7o"e 07o"e ob#e&t i" o$t"i%e t7e &oer&e o en

*5+ T7o"e 07i&7 &ontel!te !n io""ible "er(i&e

*6+ T7o"e 07ere t7e intention o t7e !rtie" rel!ti(e to t7e rin&i!l ob#e&t o t7e &ontr!&t

&!nnot be !"&ert!ine%

*,+ T7o"e e;re""l' ro7ibite% or %e&l!re% (oi% b' l!0.

T7e"e &ontr!&t" &!nnot be r!tiie%. Neit7er &!n t7e ri7t to "et $ t7e %een"e o ille!lit' be0!i(e%.

Art. 118. T7e !&tion or %een"e or t7e %e&l!r!tion o t7e ine;i"ten&e o ! &ontr!&t %oe" not

re"&ribe.

Art. 111. 7en t7e n$llit' ro&ee%" ro t7e ille!lit' o t7e &!$"e or ob#e&t o t7e &ontr!&t) !n%

t7e !&t &on"tit$te" ! &riin!l oen"e) bot7 !rtie" bein in !ri %eli&to) t7e' "7!ll 7!(e no !&tion

!!in"t e!&7 ot7er) !n% bot7 "7!ll be ro"e&$te%. oreo(er) t7e ro(i"ion" o t7e Pen!l

Co%e rel!ti(e to t7e %i"o"!l o ee&t" or in"tr$ent" o ! &rie "7!ll be !li&!ble to t7e t7in"

or t7e ri&e o t7e &ontr!&t.

T7i" r$le "7!ll be !li&!ble 07en onl' one o t7e !rtie" i" $ilt' b$t t7e inno&ent one !'

&l!i 07!t 7e 7!" i(en) !n% "7!ll not be bo$n% to &ol' 0it7 7i" roi"e. *1385+
http://www.chanrobles.com/revisedpenalcodeofthephilippines.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/revisedpenalcodeofthephilippines.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/revisedpenalcodeofthephilippines.htmhttp://www.chanrobles.com/revisedpenalcodeofthephilippines.htm


30/73

Art. 112. I t7e !&t in 07i&7 t7e $nl!0$l or orbi%%en &!$"e &on"i"t" %oe" not &on"tit$te !

&riin!l oen"e) t7e ollo0in r$le" "7!ll be ob"er(e%/

*1+ 7en t7e !$lt i" on t7e !rt o bot7 &ontr!&tin !rtie") neit7er !' re&o(er 07!t 7e

7!" i(en b' (irt$e o t7e &ontr!&t) or %e!n% t7e eror!n&e o t7e ot7er"

$n%ert!


31/73

Title III. - NAT?RAL OBLIGATIONS

Art. 123. Obli!tion" !re &i(il or n!t$r!l. Ci(il obli!tion" i(e ! ri7t o !&tion to &oel t7eireror!n&e. N!t$r!l obli!tion") not bein b!"e% on o"iti(e l!0 b$t on e=$it' !n% n!t$r!l l!0)%o not r!nt ! ri7t o !&tion to enor&e t7eir eror!n&e) b$t !ter (ol$nt!r' $lillent b' t7eoblior) t7e' !$t7orie t7e retention o 07!t 7!" been %eli(ere% or ren%ere% b' re!"on t7ereo.

Soe n!t$r!l obli!tion" !re "et ort7 in t7e ollo0in !rti&le".

Art. 12. 7en ! ri7t to "$e $on ! &i(il obli!tion 7!" l!"e% b' e;tin&ti(e re"&rition) t7e

oblior 07o (ol$nt!ril' eror" t7e &ontr!&t &!nnot re&o(er 07!t 7e 7!" %eli(ere% or t7e (!l$e

o t7e "er(i&e 7e 7!" ren%ere%.

Art. 125. 7en 0it7o$t t7e


32/73

Art. 13. 7en ! er"on 07o i" not t7e o0ner o ! t7in "ell" or !lien!te" !n% %eli(er" it) !n%

l!ter t7e "eller or r!ntor !&=$ire" title t7ereto) "$&7 title !""e" b' oer!tion o l!0 to t7e b$'er

or r!ntee.

Art. 135. I ! er"on in rere"ent!tion o !not7er "ell" or !lien!te" ! t7in) t7e orer &!nnot

"$b"e=$entl' "et $ 7i" o0n title !" !!in"t t7e b$'er or r!ntee.

Art. 136. A le""ee or ! b!ilee i" e"toe% ro !""ertin title to t7e t7in le!"e% or re&ei(e%) !"

!!in"t t7e le""or or b!ilor.

Art. 13,. 7en in ! &ontr!&t bet0een t7ir% er"on" &on&ernin io(!ble roert') one o

t7e i" i"le% b' ! er"on 0it7 re"e&t to t7e o0ner"7i or re!l ri7t o(er t7e re!l e"t!te) t7e

l!tter i" re&l$%e% ro !""ertin 7i" le!l title or intere"t t7erein) ro(i%e% !ll t7e"e re=$i"ite"

!re re"ent/

*1+ T7ere $"t be r!$%$lent rere"ent!tion or 0ron$l &on&e!lent o !&t" PRESS TR?STS


33/73

Art. 13. No e;re"" tr$"t" &on&ernin !n io(!ble or !n' intere"t t7erein !' be ro(e% b'!rol e(i%en&e.

Art. 1. No !rti&$l!r 0or%" !re re=$ire% or t7e &re!tion o !n e;re"" tr$"t) it bein "$i&ient

t7!t ! tr$"t i" &le!rl' inten%e%.

Art. 15. No tr$"t "7!ll !il be&!$"e t7e tr$"tee !ointe% %e&line" t7e %e"in!tion) $nle"" t7e

&ontr!r' "7o$l% !e!r in t7e in"tr$ent &on"tit$tin t7e tr$"t.

Art. 16. A&&et!n&e b' t7e benei&i!r' i" ne&e""!r'. Ne(ert7ele"") i t7e tr$"t io"e" no

onero$" &on%ition $on t7e benei&i!r') 7i" !&&et!n&e "7!ll be re"$e%) i t7ere i" no roo to

t7e &ontr!r'.

CHAPTER 3IPLIED TR?STS

Art. 1,. T7e en$er!tion o t7e ollo0in &!"e" o ilie% tr$"t %oe" not e;&l$%e ot7er"e"t!bli"7e% b' t7e ener!l l!0 o tr$"t) b$t t7e liit!tion l!i% %o0n in Arti&le 12 "7!ll be!li&!ble.

Art. 19. T7ere i" !n ilie% tr$"t 07en roert' i" "ol%) !n% t7e le!l e"t!te i" r!nte% to one

!rt' b$t t7e ri&e i" !i% b' !not7er or t7e $ro"e o 7!(in t7e benei&i!l intere"t o t7e

roert'. T7e orer i" t7e tr$"tee) 07ile t7e l!tter i" t7e benei&i!r'. Ho0e(er) i t7e er"on to

07o t7e title i" &on(e'e% i" ! &7il%) leiti!te or illeiti!te) o t7e one !'in t7e ri&e o t7e

"!le) no tr$"t i" ilie% b' l!0) it bein %i"$t!bl' re"$e% t7!t t7ere i" ! it in !(or o t7e&7il%.

Art. 1:. T7ere i" !l"o !n ilie% tr$"t 07en ! %on!tion i" !%e to ! er"on b$t it !e!r" t7!t

!lt7o$7 t7e le!l e"t!te i" tr!n"itte% to t7e %onee) 7e ne(ert7ele"" i" eit7er to 7!(e no

benei&i!l intere"t or onl' ! !rt t7ereo.

Art. 158. I t7e ri&e o ! "!le o roert' i" lo!ne% or !i% b' one er"on or t7e beneit o

!not7er !n% t7e &on(e'!n&e i" !%e to t7e len%er or !'or to "e&$re t7e !'ent o t7e %ebt) !

tr$"t !ri"e" b' oer!tion o l!0 in !(or o t7e er"on to 07o t7e one' i" lo!ne% or or 07o

it" i" !i%. T7e l!tter !' re%ee t7e roert' !n% &oel ! &on(e'!n&e t7ereo to 7i.

Art. 151. 7en l!n% !""e" b' "$&&e""ion to !n' er"on !n% 7e &!$"e" t7e le!l title to be

$t in t7e n!e o !not7er) ! tr$"t i" e"t!bli"7e% b' ili&!tion o l!0 or t7e beneit o t7e tr$e

o0ner.

Art. 152. I t0o or ore er"on" !ree to $r&7!"e roert' !n% b' &oon &on"ent t7e le!l

title i" t!


34/73

$lillent o t7e obli!tion i" oere% b' t7e r!ntor 07en it be&oe" %$e) 7e !' %e!n% t7e

re&on(e'!n&e o t7e roert' to 7i.

Art. 155. 7en !n' tr$"tee) $!r%i!n or ot7er er"on 7ol%in ! i%$&i!r' rel!tion"7i $"e" tr$"t

$n%" or t7e $r&7!"e o roert' !n% &!$"e" t7e &on(e'!n&e to be !%e to 7i or to ! t7ir%

er"on) ! tr$"t i" e"t!bli"7e% b' oer!tion o l!0 in !(or o t7e er"on to 07o t7e $n%"

belon.

Art. 156. I roert' i" !&=$ire% t7ro$7 i"t!


35/73

*2+ I 7e


36/73

Art. 1:58. I) or t7e $ro"e o !


37/73

DEPOSIT IN GENERAL AND ITS DI@@ERENT KINDS

Art. 1:62. A %eo"it i" &on"tit$te% ro t7e oent ! er"on re&ei(e" ! t7in belonin to!not7er) 0it7 t7e obli!tion o "!el'


38/73

Art. 1:,3. ?nle"" t7ere i" ! "ti$l!tion to t7e &ontr!r') t7e %eo"it!r' &!nnot %eo"it t7e t7in

0it7 ! t7ir% er"on. I %eo"it 0it7 ! t7ir% er"on i" !llo0e%) t7e %eo"it!r' i" li!ble or t7e lo"" i

7e %eo"ite% t7e t7in 0it7 ! er"on 07o i" !nie"tl' &!rele"" or $nit. T7e %eo"it!r' i"

re"on"ible or t7e nelien&e o 7i" elo'ee". *n+

Art. 1:,. T7e %eo"it!r' !' &7!ne t7e 0!' o t7e %eo"it i $n%er t7e &ir&$"t!n&e" 7e !'

re!"on!bl' re"$e t7!t t7e %eo"itor 0o$l% &on"ent to t7e &7!ne i 7e


39/73

Art. 1:91. 7en t7e t7in %eo"ite% i" %eli(ere% &lo"e% !n% "e!le%) t7e %eo"it!r' $"t ret$rn

it in t7e "!e &on%ition) !n% 7e "7!ll be li!ble or %!!e" "7o$l% t7e "e!l or lo&< be bro


40/73

I no l!&e 7!" been %e"in!te% or t7e ret$rn) it "7!ll be !%e 07ere t7e t7in %eo"ite% !'

be) e(en i it "7o$l% not be t7e "!e l!&e 07ere t7e %eo"it 0!" !%e) ro(i%e% t7!t t7ere

0!" no !li&e on t7e !rt o t7e %eo"it!r'. *1,,+

Art. 1:99. T7e t7in %eo"ite% $"t be ret$rne% to t7e %eo"itor $on %e!n%) e(en t7o$7 !

"e&iie% erio% or tie or "$&7 ret$rn !' 7!(e been i;e%.

T7i" ro(i"ion "7!ll not !l' 07en t7e t7in i" #$%i&i!ll' !tt!&7e% 07ile in t7e %eo"it!r'"

o""e""ion) or "7o$l% 7e 7!(e been notiie% o t7e oo"ition o ! t7ir% er"on to t7e ret$rn or

t7e reo(!l o t7e t7in %eo"ite%. In t7e"e &!"e") t7e %eo"it!r' $"t ie%i!tel' inor t7e

%eo"itor o t7e !tt!&7ent or oo"ition. *1,,5+

Art. 1:9:. ?nle"" t7e %eo"it i" or ! (!l$!ble &on"i%er!tion) t7e %eo"it!r' 07o !' 7!(e

#$"tii!ble re!"on" or not


41/73

*2+ 7en it t!


42/73

Art. 288,. T7e %eo"it!r' o roert' or ob#e&t" "e=$e"tr!te% &!nnot be relie(e% o 7i"

re"on"ibilit' $ntil t7e &ontro(er"' 07i&7 !(e ri"e t7ereto 7!" &oe to !n en%) $nle"" t7e &o$rt

"o or%er". *1,9,!+

Art. 2889. T7e %eo"it!r' o roert' "e=$e"tr!te% i" bo$n% to &ol') 0it7 re"e&t to t7e

"!e) 0it7 !ll t7e obli!tion" o ! oo% !t7er o ! !il'. *1,99+

Art. 288:. A" to !tter" not ro(i%e% or in t7i" Co%e) #$%i&i!l "e=$e"tr!tion "7!ll be o(erne%

b' t7e R$le" o Co$rt. *1,9:+

Title >III. - ALEATOR CONTRACTS

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Art. 2818. B' !n !le!tor' &ontr!&t) one o t7e !rtie" or bot7 re&iro&!ll' bin% t7e"el(e" toi(e or to %o "oet7in in &on"i%er!tion o 07!t t7e ot7er "7!ll i(e or %o $on t7e 7!enino !n e(ent 07i&7 i" $n&ert!in) or 07i&7 i" to o&&$r !t !n in%eterin!te tie. *1,:8+

CHAPTER 1INS?RANCE

Art. 2811. T7e &ontr!&t o in"$r!n&e i" o(erne% b' "e&i!l l!0". !tter" not e;re""l' ro(i%e%or in "$&7 "e&i!l l!0" "7!ll be re$l!te% b' t7i" Co%e. *n+

Art. 2812. An' er"on 07o i" orbi%%en ro re&ei(in !n' %on!tion $n%er Arti&le ,3: &!nnot be

n!e% benei&i!r' o ! lie in"$r!n&e oli&' b' t7e er"on 07o &!nnot !


43/73

Art. 2819. I ! &ontr!&t 07i&7 $rort" to be or t7e %eli(er' o oo%") "e&$ritie" or "7!re" o

"to&< i" entere% into 0it7 t7e intention t7!t t7e %ieren&e bet0een t7e ri&e "ti$l!te% !n% t7e

e;&7!ne or !r


44/73

Title >IV. - COPROISES AND ARBITRATIONS

CHAPTER 1COPROISES

Art. 2829. A &oroi"e i" ! &ontr!&t 07ereb' t7e !rtie") b' !


45/73

A ener!l ren$n&i!tion o ri7t" i" $n%er"too% to reer onl' to t7o"e t7!t !re &onne&te% 0it7 t7e

%i"$te 07i&7 0!" t7e "$b#e&t o t7e &oroi"e. *1915+

Art. 283,. A &oroi"e 7!" $on t7e !rtie" t7e ee&t !n% !$t7orit' o re" #$%i&!t! b$t t7ere

"7!ll be no e;e&$tion e;&et in &oli!n&e 0it7 ! #$%i&i!l &oroi"e. *1916+

Art. 2839. A &oroi"e in 07i&7 t7ere i" i"t!


46/73

CHAPTER 1

NAT?RE AND E>TENT O@ G?ARANT

Art. 28,. B' $!r!nt' ! er"on) &!lle% t7e $!r!ntor) bin%" 7i"el to t7e &re%itor to $lill t7eobli!tion o t7e rin&i!l %ebtor in &!"e t7e l!tter "7o$l% !il to %o "o.

I ! er"on bin%" 7i"el "oli%!ril' 0it7 t7e rin&i!l %ebtor) t7e ro(i"ion" o Se&tion ) C7!ter

3) Title I o t7i" Boo< "7!ll be ob"er(e%. In "$&7 &!"e t7e &ontr!&t i" &!lle% ! "$ret'"7i. *1922!+

Art. 289. A $!r!nt' i" r!t$ito$") $nle"" t7ere i" ! "ti$l!tion to t7e &ontr!r'. *n+

Art. 28:. A !rrie% 0o!n !' $!r!ntee !n obli!tion 0it7o$t t7e 7$"b!n%" &on"ent) b$t

"7!ll not t7ereb' bin% t7e &on#$!l !rtner"7i) e;&et in &!"e" ro(i%e% b' l!0. *n+

Art. 2858. I ! $!r!nt' i" entere% into 0it7o$t t7e


47/73

re=$ire% in t7e re&e%in !rti&le. T7e &!"e i" e;&ete% 07ere t7e &re%itor 7!" re=$ire% !n%

"ti$l!te% t7!t ! "e&iie% er"on "7o$l% be t7e $!r!ntor. *192:!+

CHAPTER 2

E@@ECTS O@ G?ARANT

SECTION 1. - Ee&t" o G$!r!nt'Bet0een t7e G$!r!ntor !n% t7e Cre%itor

Art. 2859. T7e $!r!ntor &!nnot be &oelle% to !' t7e &re%itor $nle"" t7e l!tter 7!"e;7!$"te% !ll t7e roert' o t7e %ebtor) !n% 7!" re"orte% to !ll t7e le!l ree%ie" !!in"t t7e%ebtor. *1938!+

Art. 285:. T7e e;&$""ion "7!ll not t!


48/73

$!r!ntor" e;&et t7e "7!re" 07i&7 t7e' !re re"e&ti(el' bo$n% to !') $nle"" "oli%!rit' 7!"

been e;re""l' "ti$l!te%.

T7e beneit o %i(i"ion !!in"t t7e &o-$!r!ntor" &e!"e" in t7e "!e &!"e" !n% or t7e "!e

re!"on" !" t7e beneit o e;&$""ion !!in"t t7e rin&i!l %ebtor. *193,+

SECTION 2. - Ee&t" o G$!r!nt'Bet0een t7e Debtor !n% t7e G$!r!ntor

Art. 2866. T7e $!r!ntor 07o !'" or ! %ebtor $"t be in%eniie% b' t7e l!tter.

T7e in%enit' &ori"e"/

*1+ T7e tot!l !o$nt o t7e %ebt

*2+ T7e le!l intere"t" t7ereon ro t7e tie t7e !'ent 0!" !%e


49/73

*+ 7en t7e %ebt 7!" be&oe %e!n%!ble) b' re!"on o t7e e;ir!tion o t7e erio% or

!'ent

*5+ Ater t7e l!"e o ten 'e!r") 07en t7e rin&i!l obli!tion 7!" no i;e% erio% or it"

!t$rit') $nle"" it be o "$&7 n!t$re t7!t it &!nnot be e;tin$i"7e% e;&et 0it7in ! erio%

loner t7!n ten 'e!r"

*6+ I t7ere !re re!"on!ble ro$n%" to e!r t7!t t7e rin&i!l %ebtor inten%" to !b"&on%

*,+ I t7e rin&i!l %ebtor i" in iinent %!ner o be&oin in"ol(ent.

In !ll t7e"e &!"e") t7e !&tion o t7e $!r!ntor i" to obt!in rele!"e ro t7e $!r!nt') or to%e!n% ! "e&$rit' t7!t "7!ll rote&t 7i ro !n' ro&ee%in" b' t7e &re%itor !n% ro t7e%!ner o in"ol(en&' o t7e %ebtor. *193!+

Art. 28,2. I one) !t t7e re=$e"t o !not7er) be&oe" ! $!r!ntor or t7e %ebt o ! t7ir% er"on07o i" not re"ent) t7e $!r!ntor 07o "!ti"ie" t7e %ebt !' "$e eit7er t7e er"on "o

re=$e"tin or t7e %ebtor or reib$r"eent. *n+

SECTION 3. - Ee&t" o G$!r!nt' !" Bet0een Co-G$!r!ntor"

Art. 28,3. 7en t7ere !re t0o or ore $!r!ntor" o t7e "!e %ebtor !n% or t7e "!e %ebt)t7e one !on t7e 07o 7!" !i% !' %e!n% o e!&7 o t7e ot7er" t7e "7!re 07i&7 i"roortion!ll' o0in ro 7i.

I !n' o t7e $!r!ntor" "7o$l% be in"ol(ent) 7i" "7!re "7!ll be borne b' t7e ot7er") in&l$%in t7e!'er) in t7e "!e roortion.

T7e ro(i"ion" o t7i" !rti&le "7!ll not be !li&!ble) $nle"" t7e !'ent 7!" been !%e b'

(irt$e o ! #$%i&i!l %e!n% or $nle"" t7e rin&i!l %ebtor i" in"ol(ent. *19!+

Art. 28,. In t7e &!"e o t7e re&e%in !rti&le) t7e &o-$!r!ntor" !' "et $ !!in"t t7e one

07o !i%) t7e "!e %een"e" 07i&7 0o$l% 7!(e ert!ine% to t7e rin&i!l %ebtor !!in"t t7e

&re%itor) !n% 07i&7 !re not $rel' er"on!l to t7e %ebtor. *195+

Art. 28,5. A "$b-$!r!ntor) in &!"e o t7e in"ol(en&' o t7e $!r!ntor or 07o 7e bo$n%7i"el) i" re"on"ible to t7e &o-$!r!ntor" in t7e "!e ter" !" t7e $!r!ntor. *196+

CHAPTER 3E>TING?ISHENT O@ G?ARANT

Art. 28,6. T7e obli!tion o t7e $!r!ntor i" e;tin$i"7e% !t t7e "!e tie !" t7!t o t7e %ebtor)!n% or t7e "!e &!$"e" !" !ll ot7er obli!tion". *19,+

Art. 28,,. I t7e &re%itor (ol$nt!ril' !&&et" io(!ble or ot7er roert' in !'ent o t7e %ebt)

e(en i 7e "7o$l% !ter0!r%" lo"e t7e "!e t7ro$7 e(i&tion) t7e $!r!ntor i" rele!"e%. *19:+

Art. 28,9. A rele!"e !%e b' t7e &re%itor in !(or o one o t7e $!r!ntor") 0it7o$t t7e &on"ent

o t7e ot7er") beneit" !ll to t7e e;tent o t7e "7!re o t7e $!r!ntor to 07o it 7!" been

r!nte%. *1958+


50/73

Art. 28,:. An e;ten"ion r!nte% to t7e %ebtor b' t7e &re%itor 0it7o$t t7e &on"ent o t7e

$!r!ntor e;tin$i"7e" t7e $!r!nt'. T7e ere !il$re on t7e !rt o t7e &re%itor to %e!n%

!'ent !ter t7e %ebt 7!" be&oe %$e %oe" not o it"el &on"tit$te !n' e;tention o tie

reerre% to 7erein. *1951!+

Art. 2898. T7e $!r!ntor") e(en t7o$7 t7e' be "oli%!r') !re rele!"e% ro t7eir obli!tion

07ene(er b' "oe !&t o t7e &re%itor t7e' &!nnot be "$bro!te% to t7e ri7t") ort!e") !n%

reeren&e o t7e l!tter. *1952+

Art. 2891. T7e $!r!ntor !' "et $ !!in"t t7e &re%itor !ll t7e %een"e" 07i&7 ert!in to t7e

rin&i!l %ebtor !n% !re in7erent in t7e %ebt b$t not t7o"e t7!t !re er"on!l to t7e %ebtor.

*1953+

CHAPTER

LEGAL AND ?DICIAL BONDS

Art. 2892. T7e bon%"!n 07o i" to be oere% in (irt$e o ! ro(i"ion o l!0 or o ! #$%i&i!l or%er"7!ll 7!(e t7e =$!lii&!tion" re"&ribe% in Arti&le 2856 !n% in "e&i!l l!0". *195!+

Art. 2893. I t7e er"on bo$n% to i(e ! bon% in t7e &!"e" o t7e re&e%in !rti&le) "7o$l% not be

!ble to %o "o) ! le%e or ort!e &on"i%ere% "$i&ient to &o(er 7i" obli!tion "7!ll be

!%itte% in lie$ t7ereo. *1955+

Art. 289. A #$%i&i!l bon%"!n &!nnot %e!n% t7e e;7!$"tion o t7e roert' o t7e rin&i!l

%ebtor.

A "$b-"$ret' in t7e "!e &!"e) &!nnot %e!n% t7e e;7!$"tion o t7e roert' o t7e %ebtor o

t7e "$ret'.

Title >VI. - PLEDGE) ORTGAGE AND ANTICHRESIS

CHAPTER 1PROVISIONS COON TO PLEDGE AND ORTGAGE

Art. 2895. T7e ollo0in re=$i"ite" !re e""enti!l to t7e &ontr!&t" o le%e !n% ort!e/*1+ T7!t t7e' be &on"tit$te% to "e&$re t7e $lillent o ! rin&i!l obli!tion

*2+ T7!t t7e le%or or ort!or be t7e !b"ol$te o0ner o t7e t7in le%e% or

ort!e%

*3+ T7!t t7e er"on" &on"tit$tin t7e le%e or ort!e 7!(e t7e ree %i"o"!l o t7eir

roert') !n% in t7e !b"en&e t7ereo) t7!t t7e' be le!ll' !$t7orie% or t7e $ro"e.

T7ir% er"on" 07o !re not !rtie" to t7e rin&i!l obli!tion !' "e&$re t7e l!tter b' le%in orort!in t7eir o0n roert'. *195,+

Art. 2896. T7e ro(i"ion" o Arti&le 2852 !re !li&!ble to ! le%e or ort!e. *n+

Art. 289,. It i" !l"o o t7e e""en&e o t7e"e &ontr!&t" t7!t 07en t7e rin&i!l obli!tion be&oe"

%$e) t7e t7in" in 07i&7 t7e le%e or ort!e &on"i"t" !' be !lien!te% or t7e !'ent to

t7e &re%itor. *1959+


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Art. 2899. T7e &re%itor &!nnot !rori!te t7e t7in" i(en b' 0!' o le%e or ort!e) or

%i"o"e o t7e. An' "ti$l!tion to t7e &ontr!r' i" n$ll !n% (oi%. *195:!+

Art. 289:. A le%e or ort!e i" in%i(i"ible) e(en t7o$7 t7e %ebt !' be %i(i%e% !on t7e

"$&&e""or" in intere"t o t7e %ebtor or o t7e &re%itor.

T7ereore) t7e %ebtor" 7eir 07o 7!" !i% ! !rt o t7e %ebt &!nnot !"< or t7e roortion!te

e;tin$i"7ent o t7e le%e or ort!e !" lon !" t7e %ebt i" not &oletel' "!ti"ie%.

Neit7er &!n t7e &re%itor" 7eir 07o re&ei(e% 7i" "7!re o t7e %ebt ret$rn t7e le%e or &!n&el t7e

ort!e) to t7e re#$%i&e o t7e ot7er 7eir" 07o 7!(e not been !i%.

@ro t7e"e ro(i"ion" i" e;e&te% t7e &!"e in 07i&7) t7ere bein "e(er!l t7in" i(en in

ort!e or le%e) e!&7 one o t7e $!r!ntee" onl' ! %eterin!te ortion o t7e &re%it.

T7e %ebtor) in t7i" &!"e) "7!ll 7!(e ! ri7t to t7e e;tin$i"7ent o t7e le%e or ort!e !"

t7e ortion o t7e %ebt or 07i&7 e!&7 t7in i" "e&i!ll' !n"0er!ble i" "!ti"ie%. *1968+

Art. 28:8. T7e in%i(i"ibilit' o ! le%e or ort!e i" not !e&te% b' t7e !&t t7!t t7e %ebtor"

!re not "oli%!ril' li!ble. *n+

Art. 28:1. T7e &ontr!&t o le%e or ort!e !' "e&$re !ll


52/73

or tr!n"eree !" "oon !" t7e le%ee &on"ent" to t7e !lien!tion) b$t t7e l!tter "7!ll &ontin$e in

o""e""ion. *n+

Art. 28:9. T7e &ontr!&t o le%e i(e" ! ri7t to t7e &re%itor to ret!in t7e t7in in 7i" o""e""ion

or in t7!t o ! t7ir% er"on to 07o it 7!" been %eli(ere%) $ntil t7e %ebt i" !i%. *1966!+

Art. 28::. T7e &re%itor "7!ll t!


53/73

T7e le%ee i" bo$n% to !%(i"e t7e le%or) 0it7o$t %el!') o !n' %!ner to t7e t7in le%e%.

*n+

Art. 2189. I) 0it7o$t t7e !$lt o t7e le%ee) t7ere i" %!ner o %e"tr$&tion) i!irent) or

%iin$tion in (!l$e o t7e t7in le%e%) 7e !' &!$"e t7e "!e to be "ol% !t ! $bli& "!le. T7e

ro&ee%" o t7e !$&tion "7!ll be ! "e&$rit' or t7e rin&i!l obli!tion in t7e "!e !nner !" t7e

t7in oriin!ll' le%e%. *n+

Art. 218:. I t7e &re%itor i" %e&ei(e% on t7e "$b"t!n&e or =$!lit' o t7e t7in le%e%) 7e !'

eit7er &l!i !not7er t7in in it" "te!%) or %e!n% ie%i!te !'ent o t7e rin&i!l obli!tion.

*n+

Art. 2118. I t7e t7in le%e% i" ret$rne% b' t7e le%ee to t7e le%or or o0ner) t7e le%e i"

e;tin$i"7e%. An' "ti$l!tion to t7e &ontr!r' "7!ll be (oi%.

I "$b"e=$ent to t7e ere&tion o t7e le%e) t7e t7in i" in t7e o""e""ion o t7e le%or or

o0ner) t7ere i" ! ri! !&ie re"$tion t7!t t7e "!e 7!" been ret$rne% b' t7e le%ee. T7i"

"!e re"$tion e;i"t" i t7e t7in le%e% i" in t7e o""e""ion o ! t7ir% er"on 07o 7!"

re&ei(e% it ro t7e le%or or o0ner !ter t7e &on"tit$tion o t7e le%e. *n+

Art. 2111. A "t!teent in 0ritin b' t7e le%ee t7!t 7e reno$n&e" or !b!n%on" t7e le%e i"

"$i&ient to e;tin$i"7 t7e le%e. @or t7i" $ro"e) neit7er t7e !&&et!n&e b' t7e le%or or

o0ner) nor t7e ret$rn o t7e t7in le%e% i" ne&e""!r') t7e le%ee be&oin ! %eo"it!r'. *n+

Art. 2112. T7e &re%itor to 07o t7e &re%it 7!" not been "!ti"ie% in %$e tie) !' ro&ee%beore ! Not!r' P$bli& to t7e "!le o t7e t7in le%e%. T7i" "!le "7!ll be !%e !t ! $bli&

!$&tion) !n% 0it7 notii&!tion to t7e %ebtor !n% t7e o0ner o t7e t7in le%e% in ! roer &!"e)

"t!tin t7e !o$nt or 07i&7 t7e $bli& "!le i" to be 7el%. I !t t7e ir"t !$&tion t7e t7in i" not

"ol%) ! "e&on% one 0it7 t7e "!e or!litie" "7!ll be 7el% !n% i !t t7e "e&on% !$&tion t7ere i"

no "!le eit7er) t7e &re%itor !' !rori!te t7e t7in le%e%. In t7i" &!"e 7e "7!ll be oblie% to

i(e !n !&=$itt!n&e or 7i" entire &l!i. *19,2!+

Art. 2113. At t7e $bli& !$&tion) t7e le%or or o0ner !' bi%. He "7!ll) oreo(er) 7!(e ! better

ri7t i 7e "7o$l% oer t7e "!e ter" !" t7e 7i7e"t bi%%er.

T7e le%ee !' !l"o bi%) b$t 7i" oer "7!ll not be (!li% i 7e i" t7e onl' bi%%er. *n+

Art. 211. All bi%" !t t7e $bli& !$&tion "7!ll oer to !' t7e $r&7!"e ri&e !t on&e. I !n' ot7er

bi% i" !&&ete%) t7e le%ee i" %eee% to 7!(e been re&ei(e% t7e $r&7!"e ri&e) !" !r !" t7e

le%or or o0ner i" &on&erne%. *n+

Art. 2115. T7e "!le o t7e t7in le%e% "7!ll e;tin$i"7 t7e rin&i!l obli!tion) 07et7er or not

t7e ro&ee%" o t7e "!le !re e=$!l to t7e !o$nt o t7e rin&i!l obli!tion) intere"t !n%

e;en"e" in ! roer &!"e. I t7e ri&e o t7e "!le i" ore t7!n "!i% !o$nt) t7e %ebtor "7!ll not

be entitle% to t7e e;&e"") $nle"" it i" ot7er0i"e !ree%. I t7e ri&e o t7e "!le i" le"") neit7er

"7!ll t7e &re%itor be entitle% to re&o(er t7e %ei&ien&') not0it7"t!n%in !n' "ti$l!tion to t7e

&ontr!r'. *n+

Art. 2116. Ater t7e $bli& !$&tion) t7e le%ee "7!ll rotl' !%(i"e t7e le%or or o0ner o t7e

re"$lt t7ereo. *n+


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Art. 211,. An' t7ir% er"on 07o 7!" !n' ri7t in or to t7e t7in le%e% !' "!ti"' t7e rin&i!l

obli!tion !" "oon !" t7e l!tter be&oe" %$e !n% %e!n%!ble.*n+

Art. 2119. I ! &re%it 07i&7 7!" been le%e% be&oe" %$e beore it i" re%eee%) t7e le%ee

!' &olle&t !n% re&ei(e t7e !o$nt %$e. He "7!ll !l' t7e "!e to t7e !'ent o 7i" &l!i)

!n% %eli(er t7e "$rl$") "7o$l% t7ere be !n') to t7e le%or. *n+

Art. 211:. I t0o or ore t7in" !re le%e%) t7e le%ee !' &7oo"e 07i&7 7e 0ill &!$"e to be

"ol%) $nle"" t7ere i" ! "ti$l!tion to t7e &ontr!r'. He !' %e!n% t7e "!le o onl' !" !n' o

t7e t7in" !" !re ne&e""!r' or t7e !'ent o t7e %ebt. *n+

Art. 2128. I ! t7ir% !rt' "e&$re" !n obli!tion b' le%in 7i" o0n o(!ble roert' $n%er t7e

ro(i"ion" o Arti&le 2895 7e "7!ll 7!(e t7e "!e ri7t" !" ! $!r!ntor $n%er Arti&le" 2866 to

28,8) !n% Arti&le" 28,, to 2891. He i" not re#$%i&e% b' !n' 0!i(er o %een"e b' t7e rin&i!l

oblior. *n+

Art. 2121. Ple%e" &re!te% b' oer!tion o l!0) "$&7 !" t7o"e reerre% to in Arti&le" 56) 1,31)

!n% 1::) !re o(erne% b' t7e oreoin !rti&le" on t7e o""e""ion) &!re !n% "!le o t7e t7in

!" 0ell !" on t7e terin!tion o t7e le%e. Ho0e(er) !ter !'ent o t7e %ebt !n% e;en"e")

t7e re!in%er o t7e ri&e o t7e "!le "7!ll be %eli(ere% to t7e oblior. *n+

Art. 2122. A t7in $n%er ! le%e b' oer!tion o l!0 !' be "ol% onl' !ter %e!n% o t7e

!o$nt or 07i&7 t7e t7in i" ret!ine%. T7e $bli& !$&tion "7!ll t!


55/73

Art. 212,. T7e ort!e e;ten%" to t7e n!t$r!l !&&e""ion") to t7e iro(eent") ro0in r$it")

!n% t7e rent" or in&oe not 'et re&ei(e% 07en t7e obli!tion be&oe" %$e) !n% to t7e !o$nt

o t7e in%enit' r!nte% or o0in to t7e rorietor ro t7e in"$rer" o t7e roert' ort!e%)

or in (irt$e o e;rori!tion or $bli& $"e) 0it7 t7e %e&l!r!tion") !lii&!tion" !n% liit!tion"

e"t!bli"7e% b' l!0) 07et7er t7e e"t!te re!in" in t7e o""e""ion o t7e ort!or) or it !""e"

into t7e 7!n%" o ! t7ir% er"on. *19,,+

Art. 2129. T7e ort!e &re%it !' be !lien!te% or !""ine% to ! t7ir% er"on) in 07ole or in

!rt) 0it7 t7e or!litie" re=$ire% b' l!0. *19,9+

Art. 212:. T7e &re%itor !' &l!i ro ! t7ir% er"on in o""e""ion o t7e ort!e% roert')

t7e !'ent o t7e !rt o t7e &re%it "e&$re% b' t7e roert' 07i&7 "!i% t7ir% er"on o""e""e")

in t7e ter" !n% 0it7 t7e or!litie" 07i&7 t7e l!0 e"t!bli"7e". *19,:+

Art. 2138. A "ti$l!tion orbi%%in t7e o0ner ro !lien!tin t7e io(!ble ort!e% "7!ll be(oi%. *n+

Art. 2131. T7e or) e;tent !n% &on"e=$en&e" o ! ort!e) bot7 !" to it" &on"tit$tion)

o%ii&!tion !n% e;tin$i"7ent) !n% !" to ot7er !tter" not in&l$%e% in t7i" C7!ter) "7!ll be

o(erne% b' t7e ro(i"ion" o t7e ort!e L!0 !n% o t7e L!n% Rei"tr!tion L!0. *1998!+

CHAPTER ANTICHRESIS

Art. 2132. B' t7e &ontr!&t o !nti&7re"i" t7e &re%itor !&=$ire" t7e ri7t to re&ei(e t7e r$it" o !nio(!ble o 7i" %ebtor) 0it7 t7e obli!tion to !l' t7e to t7e !'ent o t7e intere"t) io0in) !n% t7ere!ter to t7e rin&i!l o 7i" &re%it. *1991+

Art. 2133. T7e !&t$!l !r


56/73

E(er' "ti$l!tion to t7e &ontr!r' "7!ll be (oi%. B$t t7e &re%itor !' etition t7e &o$rt or t7e

!'ent o t7e %ebt or t7e "!le o t7e re!l roert'. In t7i" &!"e) t7e R$le" o Co$rt on t7e

ore&lo"$re o ort!e" "7!ll !l'. *199!+

Art. 2139. T7e &ontr!&tin !rtie" !' "ti$l!te t7!t t7e intere"t $on t7e %ebt be &oen"!te%

0it7 t7e r$it" o t7e roert' 07i&7 i" t7e ob#e&t o t7e !nti&7re"i") ro(i%e% t7!t i t7e (!l$e o

t7e r$it" "7o$l% e;&ee% t7e !o$nt o intere"t !llo0e% b' t7e l!0" !!in"t $"$r') t7e e;&e""

"7!ll be !lie% to t7e rin&i!l. *1995!+

Art. 213:. T7e l!"t !r!r!7 o Arti&le 2895) !n% Arti&le" 289: to 28:1 !re !li&!ble to t7i"

&ontr!&t. *1996!+

CHAPTER 5CHATTEL ORTGAGE

Art. 218. B' ! &7!ttel ort!e) er"on!l roert' i" re&or%e% in t7e C7!ttel ort!eRei"ter !" ! "e&$rit' or t7e eror!n&e o !n obli!tion. I t7e o(!ble) in"te!% o beinre&or%e%) i" %eli(ere% to t7e &re%itor or ! t7ir% er"on) t7e &ontr!&t i" ! le%e !n% not ! &7!ttelort!e. *n+

Art. 211. T7e ro(i"ion" o t7i" Co%e on le%e) in"o!r !" t7e' !re not in &onli&t 0it7 t7e

C7!ttel ort!e L!0 "7!ll be !li&!ble to &7!ttel ort!e". *n+

Title >VII. - E>TRA-CONTRACT?AL OBLIGATIONS

CHAPTER 1

4?ASI-CONTRACTS

Art. 212. Cert!in l!0$l) (ol$nt!r' !n% $nil!ter!l !&t" i(e ri"e to t7e #$ri%i&!l rel!tion o =$!"i-&ontr!&t to t7e en% t7!t no one "7!ll be $n#$"tl' enri&7e% or beneite% !t t7e e;en"e o !not7er.*n+

Art. 213. T7e ro(i"ion" or =$!"i-&ontr!&t" in t7i" C7!ter %o not e;&l$%e ot7er =$!"i-

&ontr!&t" 07i&7 !' &oe 0it7in t7e $r(ie0 o t7e re&e%in !rti&le. *n+

SECTION 1. - Negotiorum Gestio

Art. 21. 7oe(er (ol$nt!ril' t! o t7i" Boo< "7!ll be !li&!ble. *1999!+


57/73

Art. 215. T7e oi&io$" !n!er "7!ll eror 7i" %$tie" 0it7 !ll t7e %ilien&e o ! oo% !t7er

o ! !il') !n% !' t7e %!!e" 07i&7 t7ro$7 7i" !$lt or nelien&e !' be "$ere% b' t7e

o0ner o t7e roert' or b$"ine"" $n%er !n!eent.

T7e &o$rt" !') 7o0e(er) in&re!"e or o%er!te t7e in%enit' !&&or%in to t7e &ir&$"t!n&e" o

e!&7 &!"e. *199:!+

Art. 216. I t7e oi&io$" !n!er %ele!te" to !not7er er"on !ll or "oe o 7i" %$tie") 7e "7!ll

be li!ble or t7e !&t" o t7e %ele!te) 0it7o$t re#$%i&e to t7e %ire&t obli!tion o t7e l!tter to0!r%

t7e o0ner o t7e b$"ine"".

T7e re"on"ibilit' o t0o or ore oi&io$" !n!er" "7!ll be "oli%!r') $nle"" t7e !n!eent

0!" !""$e% to "!(e t7e t7in or b$"ine"" ro iinent %!ner. *19:8!+

Art. 21,. T7e oi&io$" !n!er "7!ll be li!ble or !n' ort$ito$" e(ent/

*1+ I 7e $n%ert!


58/73

Art. 2152. T7e oi&io$" !n!er i" er"on!ll' li!ble or &ontr!&t" 07i&7 7e 7!" entere% into 0it7t7ir% er"on") e(en t7o$7 7e !&te% in t7e n!e o t7e o0ner) !n% t7ere "7!ll be no ri7t o!&tion bet0een t7e o0ner !n% t7ir% er"on". T7e"e ro(i"ion" "7!ll not !l'/

*1+ I t7e o0ner 7!" e;re""l' or t!&itl' r!tiie% t7e !n!eent) or

*2+ 7en t7e &ontr!&t reer" to t7in" ert!inin to t7e o0ner o t7e b$"ine"". *n+

Art. 2153. T7e !n!eent i" e;tin$i"7e%/

*1+ 7en t7e o0ner re$%i!te" it or $t" !n en% t7ereto

*2+ 7en t7e oi&io$" !n!er 0it7%r!0" ro t7e !n!eent) "$b#e&t to t7e

ro(i"ion" o Arti&le 21

*3+ B' t7e %e!t7) &i(il inter%i&tion) in"!nit' or in"ol(en&' o t7e o0ner or t7e oi&io$"

!n!er. *n+

SECTION 2. - Solutio Indebiti

Art. 215. I "oet7in i" re&ei(e% 07en t7ere i" no ri7t to %e!n% it) !n% it 0!" $n%$l'%eli(ere% t7ro$7 i"t!


59/73

He 07o !i% $n%$l' !' ro&ee% onl' !!in"t t7e tr$e %ebtor or t7e $!r!ntor" 0it7 re!r% to

07o t7e !&tion i" "till ee&ti(e. *19::+

Art. 2163. It i" re"$e% t7!t t7ere 0!" ! i"t!


60/73

ob#e&t" to t7e l!n !n% re$"e" to &ontrib$te to t7e e;en"e" b$t i" beneite% b' t7e ro#e&t !"

e;e&$te% "7!ll be li!ble to !' 7i" "7!re o "!i% e;en"e".

Art. 21,5. An' er"on 07o i" &on"tr!ine% to !' t7e t!;e" o !not7er "7!ll be entitle% to

reib$r"eent ro t7e l!tter.

CHAPTER 24?ASI-DELICTS

Art. 21,6. 7oe(er b' !&t or oi""ion &!$"e" %!!e to !not7er) t7ere bein !$lt ornelien&e) i" oblie% to !' or t7e %!!e %one. S$&7 !$lt or nelien&e) i t7ere i" no re-e;i"tin &ontr!&t$!l rel!tion bet0een t7e !rtie") i" &!lle% ! =$!"i-%eli&t !n% i" o(erne% b' t7ero(i"ion" o t7i" C7!ter. *1:82!+

Art. 21,,. Re"on"ibilit' or !$lt or nelien&e $n%er t7e re&e%in !rti&le i" entirel' "e!r!te

!n% %i"tin&t ro t7e &i(il li!bilit' !ri"in ro nelien&e $n%er t7e Pen!l Co%e. B$t t7e l!inti

&!nnot re&o(er %!!e" t0i&e or t7e "!e !&t or oi""ion o t7e %een%!nt. *n+

Art. 21,9. T7e ro(i"ion" o Arti&le" 11,2 to 11, !re !l"o !li&!ble to ! =$!"i-%eli&t. *n+

Art. 21,:. 7en t7e l!inti" o0n nelien&e 0!" t7e ie%i!te !n% ro;i!te &!$"e o 7i"

in#$r') 7e &!nnot re&o(er %!!e". B$t i 7i" nelien&e 0!" onl' &ontrib$tor') t7e ie%i!te

!n% ro;i!te &!$"e o t7e in#$r' bein t7e %een%!nt" l!&< o %$e &!re) t7e l!inti !'

re&o(er %!!e") b$t t7e &o$rt" "7!ll iti!te t7e %!!e" to be !0!r%e%. *n+

Art. 2198. T7e obli!tion io"e% b' Arti&le 21,6 i" %e!n%!ble not onl' or one" o0n !&t" or

oi""ion") b$t !l"o or t7o"e o er"on" or 07o one i" re"on"ible.

T7e !t7er !n%) in &!"e o 7i" %e!t7 or in&!!&it') t7e ot7er) !re re"on"ible or t7e %!!e"

&!$"e% b' t7e inor &7il%ren 07o li(e in t7eir &o!n'.

G$!r%i!n" !re li!ble or %!!e" &!$"e% b' t7e inor" or in&!!&it!te% er"on" 07o !re $n%er

t7eir !$t7orit' !n% li(e in t7eir &o!n'.

T7e o0ner" !n% !n!er" o !n e"t!bli"7ent or enterri"e !re li


61/73

Art. 2191. 7oe(er !'" or t7e %!!e &!$"e% b' 7i" %een%ent" or elo'ee" !' re&o(er

ro t7e l!tter 07!t 7e 7!" !i% or %eli(ere% in "!ti"!&tion o t7e &l!i. *1:8+

Art. 2192. I t7e inor or in"!ne er"on &!$"in %!!e 7!" no !rent" or $!r%i!n) t7e inor

or in"!ne er"on "7!ll be !n"0er!ble 0it7 7i" o0n roert' in !n !&tion !!in"t 7i 07ere !

$!r%i!n !% lite "7!ll be !ointe%. *n+

Art. 2193. T7e o""e""or o !n !ni!l or 07oe(er !' !


62/73

*3+ B' t7e !llin o tree" "it$!te% !t or ne!r 7i70!'" or l!ne") i not &!$"e% b' or&e

!#e$re

*+ B' e!n!tion" ro t$be") &!n!l") "e0er" or %eo"it" o ine&tio$" !tter)

&on"tr$&te% 0it7o$t re&!$tion" "$it!ble to t7e l!&e. *1:89+

Art. 21:2. I %!!e reerre% to in t7e t0o re&e%in !rti&le" "7o$l% be t7e re"$lt o !n' %ee&tin t7e &on"tr$&tion entione% in Arti&le 1,23) t7e t7ir% er"on "$erin %!!e" !' ro&ee%onl' !!in"t t7e enineer or !r&7ite&t or &ontr!&tor in !&&or%!n&e 0it7 "!i% !rti&le) 0it7in t7eerio% t7erein i;e%. *1:8:+

Art. 21:3. T7e 7e!% o ! !il' t7!t li(e" in ! b$il%in or ! !rt t7ereo) i" re"on"ible or

%!!e" &!$"e% b' t7in" t7ro0n or !llin ro t7e "!e. *1:18+

Art. 21:. T7e re"on"ibilit' o t0o or ore er"on" 07o !re li!ble or =$!"i-%eli&t i" "oli%!r'.

*n+

Title >VIII. - DAAGES

CHAPTER 1GENERAL PROVISIONS

Art. 21:5. T7e ro(i"ion" o t7i" Title "7!ll be re"e&ti(el' !li&!ble to !ll obli!tion"entione% in Arti&le 115,.

Art. 21:6. T7e r$le" $n%er t7i" Title !re 0it7o$t re#$%i&e to "e&i!l ro(i"ion" on %!!e"

or$l!te% el"e07ere in t7i" Co%e. Coen"!tion or 0or


63/73

Art. 2288. In%enii&!tion or %!!e" "7!ll &ore7en% not onl' t7e (!l$e o t7e lo"" "$ere%)

b$t !l"o t7!t o t7e roit" 07i&7 t7e obliee !ile% to obt!in. *1186+

Art. 2281. In &ontr!&t" !n% =$!"i-&ontr!&t") t7e %!!e" or 07i&7 t7e oblior 07o !&te% in

oo% !it7 i" li!ble "7!ll be t7o"e t7!t !re t7e n!t$r!l !n% rob!ble &on"e=$en&e" o t7e bre!&7

o t7e obli!tion) !n% 07i&7 t7e !rtie" 7!(e ore"een or &o$l% 7!(e re!"on!bl' ore"een !t t7e

tie t7e obli!tion 0!" &on"tit$te%.

In &!"e o r!$%) b!% !it7) !li&e or 0!nton !ttit$%e) t7e oblior "7!ll be re"on"ible or !ll

%!!e" 07i&7 !' be re!"on!bl' !ttrib$te% to t7e non-eror!n&e o t7e obli!tion. *118,!+

Art. 2282. In &rie" !n% =$!"i-%eli&t") t7e %een%!nt "7!ll be li!ble or !ll %!!e" 07i&7 !re

t7e n!t$r!l !n% rob!ble &on"e=$en&e" o t7e !&t or oi""ion &ol!ine% o. It i" not ne&e""!r'

t7!t "$&7 %!!e" 7!(e been ore"een or &o$l% 7!(e re!"on!bl' been ore"een b' t7e

%een%!nt.

Art. 2283. T7e !rt' "$erin lo"" or in#$r' $"t e;er&i"e t7e %ilien&e o ! oo% !t7er o !

!il' to iniie t7e %!!e" re"$ltin ro t7e !&t or oi""ion in =$e"tion.

Art. 228. In &rie") t7e %!!e" to be !%#$%i&!te% !' be re"e&ti(el' in&re!"e% or le""ene%

!&&or%in to t7e !r!(!tin or iti!tin &ir&$"t!n&e".

Art. 2285. D!!e" !' be re&o(ere%/

*1+ @or lo"" or i!irent o e!rnin &!!&it' in &!"e" o teor!r' or er!nent

er"on!l in#$r'

*2+ @or in#$r' to t7e l!inti" b$"ine"" "t!n%in or &oer&i!l &re%it.

Art. 2286. T7e !o$nt o %!!e" or %e!t7 &!$"e% b' ! &rie or =$!"i-%eli&t "7!ll be !t le!"tt7ree t7o$"!n% e"o") e(en t7o$7 t7ere !' 7!(e been iti!tin &ir&$"t!n&e". In !%%ition/

*1+ T7e %een%!nt "7!ll be li!ble or t7e lo"" o t7e e!rnin &!!&it' o t7e %e&e!"e%)

!n% t7e in%enit' "7!ll be !i% to t7e 7eir" o t7e l!tter "$&7 in%enit' "7!ll in e(er'

&!"e be !""e""e% !n% !0!r%e% b' t7e &o$rt) $nle"" t7e %e&e!"e% on !&&o$nt o

er!nent 7'"i&!l %i"!bilit' not &!$"e% b' t7e %een%!nt) 7!% no e!rnin &!!&it' !t

t7e tie o 7i" %e!t7

*2+ I t7e %e&e!"e% 0!" oblie% to i(e "$ort !&&or%in to t7e ro(i"ion" o Arti&le 2:1)

t7e re&iient 07o i" not !n 7eir &!lle% to t7e %e&e%ent" in7erit!n&e b' t7e l!0 o te"t!te

or inte"t!te "$&&e""ion) !' %e!n% "$ort ro t7e er"on &!$"in t7e %e!t7) or !

erio% not e;&ee%in i(e 'e!r") t7e e;!&t %$r!tion to be i;e% b' t7e &o$rt

*3+ T7e "o$"e) leiti!te !n% illeiti!te %e"&en%!nt" !n% !"&en%!nt" o t7e %e&e!"e%

!' %e!n% or!l %!!e" or ent!l !n$i"7 b' re!"on o t7e %e!t7 o t7e

%e&e!"e%.

Art. 228,. I t7e l!inti" roert' 7!" been in"$re%) !n% 7e 7!" re&ei(e% in%enit' ro t7ein"$r!n&e &o!n' or t7e in#$r' or lo"" !ri"in o$t o t7e 0ron or bre!&7 o &ontr!&t&ol!ine% o) t7e in"$r!n&e &o!n' "7!ll be "$bro!te% to t7e ri7t" o t7e in"$re% !!in"tt7e 0ron%oer or t7e er"on 07o 7!" (iol!te% t7e &ontr!&t. I t7e !o$nt !i% b' t7e in"$r!n&e&o!n' %oe" not $ll' &o(er t7e in#$r' or lo"") t7e !rie(e% !rt' "7!ll be entitle% to re&o(ert7e %ei&ien&' ro t7e er"on &!$"in t7e lo"" or in#$r'.


64/73

Art. 2289. In t7e !b"en&e o "ti$l!tion) !ttorne'" ee" !n% e;en"e" o liti!tion) ot7er t7!n

#$%i&i!l &o"t") &!nnot be re&o(ere%) e;&et/

*1+ 7en e;el!r' %!!e" !re !0!r%e%

*2+ 7en t7e %een%!nt" !&t or oi""ion 7!" &oelle% t7e l!inti to liti!te 0it7 t7ir%

er"on" or to in&$r e;en"e" to rote&t 7i" intere"t

*3+ In &riin!l &!"e" o !li&io$" ro"e&$tion !!in"t t7e l!inti

*+ In &!"e o ! &le!rl' $no$n%e% &i(il !&tion or ro&ee%in !!in"t t7e l!inti

*5+ 7ere t7e %een%!nt !&te% in ro"" !n% e(i%ent b!% !it7 in re$"in to "!ti"' t7e

l!inti" l!inl' (!li%) #$"t !n% %e!n%!ble &l!i

*6+ In !&tion" or le!l "$ort

*,+ In !&tion" or t7e re&o(er' o 0!e" o 7o$"e7ol% 7eler") l!borer" !n% "


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Art. 2215. In &ontr!&t") =$!"i-&ontr!&t") !n% =$!"i-%eli&t") t7e &o$rt !' e=$it!bl' iti!te t7e

%!!e" $n%er &ir&$"t!n&e" ot7er t7!n t7e &!"e reerre% to in t7e re&e%in !rti&le) !" in t7e

ollo0in in"t!n&e"/

*1+ T7!t t7e l!inti 7i"el 7!" &ontr!(ene% t7e ter" o t7e &ontr!&t

*2+ T7!t t7e l!inti 7!" %eri(e% "oe beneit !" ! re"$lt o t7e &ontr!&t

*3+ In &!"e" 07ere e;el!r' %!!e" !re to be !0!r%e%) t7!t t7e %een%!nt !&te%

$on t7e !%(i&e o &o$n"el

*+ T7!t t7e lo"" 0o$l% 7!(e re"$lte% in !n' e(ent

*5+ T7!t "in&e t7e ilin o t7e !&tion) t7e %een%!nt 7!" %one 7i" be"t to le""en t7e

l!inti" lo"" or in#$r'.

CHAPTER 3

OTHER KINDS O@ DAAGES

Art. 2216. No roo o e&$ni!r' lo"" i" ne&e""!r' in or%er t7!t or!l) noin!l) teer!te)li=$i%!te% or e;el!r' %!!e") !' be !%#$%i&!te%. T7e !""e""ent o "$&7 %!!e")e;&et li=$i%!te% one") i" let to t7e %i"&retion o t7e &o$rt) !&&or%in to t7e &ir&$"t!n&e" oe!&7 &!"e.

SECTION 1. - or!l D!!e"

Art. 221,. or!l %!!e" in&l$%e 7'"i&!l "$erin) ent!l !n$i"7) ri7t) "erio$" !n;iet')be"ir&7e% re$t!tion) 0o$n%e% eelin") or!l "7o&


66/73

*18+ A&t" !n% !&tion" reerre% to in Arti&le" 21) 26) 2,) 29) 2:) 38) 32) 3) !n% 35.

T7e !rent" o t7e e!le "e%$&e%) !b%$&te%) r!e%) or !b$"e%) reerre% to in No. 3 o t7i"!rti&le) !' !l"o re&o(er or!l %!!e".

T7e "o$"e) %e"&en%!nt") !"&en%!nt") !n% brot7er" !n% "i"ter" !' brin t7e !&tionentione% in No. : o t7i" !rti&le) in t7e or%er n!e%.

Art. 2228. ill$l in#$r' to roert' !' be ! le!l ro$n% or !0!r%in or!l %!!e" i t7e

&o$rt "7o$l% in% t7!t) $n%er t7e &ir&$"t!n&e") "$&7 %!!e" !re #$"tl' %$e. T7e "!e r$le

!lie" to bre!&7e" o &ontr!&t 07ere t7e %een%!nt !&te% r!$%$lentl' or in b!% !it7.

SECTION 2. - Noin!l D!!e"

Art. 2221. Noin!l %!!e" !re !%#$%i&!te% in or%er t7!t ! ri7t o t7e l!inti) 07i&7 7!" been(iol!te% or in(!%e% b' t7e %een%!nt) !' be (in%i&!te% or re&onie%) !n% not or t7e $ro"eo in%eni'in t7e l!inti or !n' lo"" "$ere% b' 7i.

Art. 2222. T7e &o$rt !' !0!r% noin!l %!!e" in e(er' obli!tion !ri"in ro !n' "o$r&e

en$er!te% in Arti&le 115,) or in e(er' &!"e 07ere !n' roert' ri7t 7!" been in(!%e%.

Art. 2223. T7e !%#$%i&!tion o noin!l %!!e" "7!ll re&l$%e $rt7er &onte"t $on t7e ri7t

in(ol(e% !n% !ll !&&e""or' =$e"tion") !" bet0een t7e !rtie" to t7e "$it) or t7eir re"e&ti(e 7eir"

!n% !""in".

SECTION 3. - Teer!te or o%er!te D!!e"

Art. 222. Teer!te or o%er!te %!!e") 07i&7 !re ore t7!n noin!l b$t le"" t7!n&oen"!tor' %!!e") !' be re&o(ere% 07en t7e &o$rt in%" t7!t "oe e&$ni!r' lo"" 7!"been "$ere% b$t it" !o$nt &!n not) ro t7e n!t$re o t7e &!"e) be ro(i%e% 0it7 &ert!int'.

Art. 2225. Teer!te %!!e" $"t be re!"on!ble $n%er t7e &ir&$"t!n&e".

SECTION . - Li=$i%!te% D!!e"

Art. 2226. Li=$i%!te% %!!e" !re t7o"e !ree% $on b' t7e !rtie" to ! &ontr!&t) to be !i% in&!"e o bre!&7 t7ereo.

Art. 222,. Li=$i%!te% %!!e") 07et7er inten%e% !" !n in%enit' or ! en!lt') "7!ll be

e=$it!bl' re%$&e% i t7e' !re ini=$ito$" or $n&on"&ion!ble.

Art. 2229. 7en t7e bre!&7 o t7e &ontr!&t &oitte% b' t7e %een%!nt i" not t7e one

&ontel!te% b' t7e !rtie" in !reein $on t7e li=$i%!te% %!!e") t7e l!0 "7!ll %eterine

t7e e!"$re o %!!e") !n% not t7e "ti$l!tion.

SECTION 5. - E;el!r' or Corre&ti(e D!!e"

Art. 222:. E;el!r' or &orre&ti(e %!!e" !re io"e%) b' 0!' o e;!le or &orre&tion ort7e $bli& oo%) in !%%ition to t7e or!l) teer!te) li=$i%!te% or &oen"!tor' %!!e".


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Art. 2238. In &riin!l oen"e") e;el!r' %!!e" !" ! !rt o t7e &i(il li!bilit' !' be

io"e% 07en t7e &rie 0!" &oitte% 0it7 one or ore !r!(!tin &ir&$"t!n&e". S$&7

%!!e" !re "e!r!te !n% %i"tin&t ro ine" !n% "7!ll be !i% to t7e oen%e% !rt'.

Art. 2231. In =$!"i-%eli&t") e;el!r' %!!e" !' be r!nte% i t7e %een%!nt !&te% 0it7

ro"" nelien&e.

Art. 2232. In &ontr!&t" !n% =$!"i-&ontr!&t") t7e &o$rt !' !0!r% e;el!r' %!!e" i t7e

%een%!nt !&te% in ! 0!nton) r!$%$lent) re&I>. - CONC?RRENCE AND PRE@ERENCEO@ CREDITS

CHAPTER 1

GENERAL PROVISIONS

Art. 2236. T7e %ebtor i" li!ble 0it7 !ll 7i" roert') re"ent !n% $t$re) or t7e $lillent o 7i"obli!tion") "$b#e&t to t7e e;etion" ro(i%e% b' l!0. *1:11!+

Art. 223,. In"ol(en&' "7!ll be o(erne% b' "e&i!l l!0" in"o!r !" t7e' !re not in&on"i"tent 0it7

t7i" Co%e. *n+

Art. 2239. So lon !" t7e &on#$!l !rtner"7i or !b"ol$te &o$nit' "$b"i"t") it" roert' "7!ll

not be !on t7e !""et" to be t!


68/73

Art. 228. Proert' 7el% b' t7e in"ol(ent %ebtor !" ! tr$"tee o !n e;re"" or ilie% tr$"t) "7!ll

be e;&l$%e% ro t7e in"ol(en&' ro&ee%in". *n+

CHAPTER 2

CLASSI@ICATION O@ CREDITS

Art. 221. it7 reeren&e to "e&ii& o(!ble roert' o t7e %ebtor) t7e ollo0in &l!i" or lien""7!ll be reerre%/

*1+ D$tie") t!;e" !n% ee" %$e t7ereon to t7e St!te or !n' "$b%i(i"ion t7ereo

*2+ Cl!i" !ri"in ro i"!rori!tion) bre!&7 o tr$"t) or !le!"!n&e b' $bli&

oi&i!l" &oitte% in t7e eror!n&e o t7eir %$tie") on t7e o(!ble") one' or

"e&$ritie" obt!ine% b' t7e

*3+ Cl!i" or t7e $n!i% ri&e o o(!ble" "ol%) on "!i% o(!ble") "o lon !" t7e' !re

in t7e o""e""ion o t7e %ebtor) $ to t7e (!l$e o t7e "!e !n% i t7e o(!ble 7!"

been re"ol% b' t7e %ebtor !n% t7e ri&e i" "till $n!i%) t7e lien !' be enor&e% on t7e

ri&e t7i" ri7t i" not lo"t b' t7e iobili!tion o t7e t7in b' %e"tin!tion) ro(i%e% it

7!" not lo"t it" or) "$b"t!n&e !n% i%entit' neit7er i" t7e ri7t lo"t b' t7e "!le o t7e

t7in toet7er 0it7 ot7er roert' or ! l$ "$) 07en t7e ri&e t7ereo &!n be

%eterine% roortion!ll'

*+ Cre%it" $!r!ntee% 0it7 ! le%e "o lon !" t7e t7in" le%e% !re in t7e 7!n%" o

t7e &re%itor) or t7o"e $!r!ntee% b' ! &7!ttel ort!e) $on t7e t7in" le%e% or

ort!e%) $ to t7e (!l$e t7ereo

*5+ Cre%it" or t7e !


69/73

*13+ Cl!i" in !(or o t7e %eo"itor i t7e %eo"it!r' 7!" 0ron$ll' "ol% t7e t7in

%eo"ite%) $on t7e ri&e o t7e "!le.

In t7e oreoin &!"e") i t7e o(!ble" to 07i&7 t7e lien or reeren&e !tt!&7e" 7!(e

been 0ron$ll' t!


70/73

*3+ E;en"e" %$rin t7e l!"t illne"" o t7e %ebtor or o 7i" or 7er "o$"e !n% &7il%ren

$n%er 7i" or 7er !rent!l !$t7orit') i t7e' 7!(e no roert' o t7eir o0n

*+ Coen"!tion %$e t7e l!borer" or t7eir %een%ent" $n%er l!0" ro(i%in or

in%enit' or %!!e" in &!"e" o l!bor !&&i%ent) or illne"" re"$ltin ro t7e n!t$re o

t7e elo'ent

*5+ Cre%it" !n% !%(!n&eent" !%e to t7e %ebtor or "$ort o 7i"el or 7er"el) !n%

!il') %$rin t7e l!"t 'e!r re&e%in t7e in"ol(en&'

*6+ S$ort %$rin t7e in"ol(en&' ro&ee%in") !n% or t7ree ont7" t7ere!ter

*,+ @ine" !n% &i(il in%enii&!tion !ri"in ro ! &riin!l oen"e

*9+ Le!l e;en"e") !n% e;en"e" in&$rre% in t7e !%ini"tr!tion o t7e in"ol(ent" e"t!te

or t7e &oon intere"t o t7e &re%itor") 07en roerl' !$t7orie% !n% !ro(e% b' t7e

&o$rt

*:+ T!;e" !n% !""e""ent" %$e t7e n!tion!l o(ernent) ot7er t7!n t7o"e entione% in

Arti&le" 221) No. 1) !n% 222) No. 1

*18+ T!;e" !n% !""e""ent" %$e !n' ro(in&e) ot7er t7!n t7o"e reerre% to in Arti&le"

221) No. 1) !n% 222) No. 1

*11+ T!;e" !n% !""e""ent" %$e !n' &it' or $ni&i!lit') ot7er t7!n t7o"e in%i&!te% in

Arti&le" 221) No. 1) !n% 222) No. 1

*12+ D!!e" or %e!t7 or er"on!l in#$rie" &!$"e% b' ! =$!"i-%eli&t

*13+ Git" %$e to $bli& !n% ri(!te in"tit$tion" o &7!rit' or benei&en&e

*1+ Cre%it" 07i&7) 0it7o$t "e&i!l ri(ilee) !e!r in *!+ ! $bli& in"tr$ent or *b+ in !

in!l #$%ent) i t7e' 7!(e been t7e "$b#e&t o liti!tion. T7e"e &re%it" "7!ll 7!(e

reeren&e !on t7e"el(e" in t7e or%er o riorit' o t7e %!te" o t7e in"tr$ent" !n%

o t7e #$%ent") re"e&ti(el'. *1:2!+

Art. 225. Cre%it" o !n' ot7er


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Art. 22:. I t7ere !re t0o or ore &re%it" 0it7 re"e&t to t7e "!e "e&ii& re!l roert' or re!l

ri7t") t7e' "7!ll be "!ti"ie% ro r!t!) !ter t7e !'ent o t7e t!;e" !n% !""e""ent" $on t7e

io(!ble roert' or re!l ri7t. *1:2,!+

Art. 2258. T7e e;&e"") i !n') !ter t7e !'ent o t7e &re%it" 07i&7 en#o' reeren&e 0it7

re"e&t to "e&ii& roert') re!l or er"on!l) "7!ll be !%%e% to t7e ree roert' 07i&7 t7e

%ebtor !' 7!(e) or t7e !'ent o t7e ot7er &re%it". *1:29!+

Art. 2251. T7o"e &re%it" 07i&7 %o not en#o' !n' reeren&e 0it7 re"e&t to "e&ii& roert') !n%

t7o"e 07i&7 en#o' reeren&e) !" to t7e !o$nt not !i%) "7!ll be "!ti"ie% !&&or%in to t7e

ollo0in r$le"/

*1+ In t7e or%er e"t!bli"7e% in Arti&le 22

*2+ Coon &re%it" reerre% to in Arti&le 225 "7!ll be !i% ro r!t! re!r%le"" o %!te".

*1:2:!+

TRANSITIONAL PROVISIONS

Art. 2252. C7!ne" !%e !n% ne0 ro(i"ion" !n% r$le" l!i% %o0n b' t7i" Co%e 07i&7 !'re#$%i&e or i!ir (e"te% or !&=$ire% ri7t" in !&&or%!n&e 0it7 t7e ol% lei"l!tion "7!ll 7!(e noretro!&ti(e ee&t.

@or t7e %eterin!tion o t7e !li&!ble l!0 in &!"e" 07i&7 !re not "e&iie% el"e07ere in t7i"

Co%e) t7e ollo0in !rti&le" "7!ll be ob"er(e%/ *P!r". 1 !n% 2) Tr!n"ition!l Pro(i"ion"+.

Art. 2253. T7e Ci(il Co%e o 199: !n% ot7er re(io$" l!0" "7!ll o(ern ri7t" oriin!tin) $n%er

"!i% l!0") ro !&t" %one or e(ent" 07i&7 too< l!&e $n%er t7eir reie) e(en t7o$7 t7i" Co%e

!' re$l!te t7e in ! %ierent !nner) or !' not re&onie t7e. B$t i ! ri7t "7o$l% be

%e&l!re% or t7e ir"t tie in t7i" Co%e) it "7!ll be ee&ti(e !t on&e) e(en t7o$7 t7e !&t or e(ent

07i&7 i(e" ri"e t7ereto !' 7!(e been %one or !' 7!(e o&&$rre% $n%er rior lei"l!tion)

ro(i%e% "!i% ne0 ri7t %oe" not re#$%i&e or i!ir !n' (e"te% or !&=$ire% ri7t) o t7e "!e

oriin. *R$le 1+

Art. 225. No (e"te% or !&=$ire% ri7t &!n !ri"e ro !&t" or oi""ion" 07i&7 !re !!in"t t7el!0 or 07i&7 inrine $on t7e ri7t" o ot7er". *n+

Art. 2255. T7e orer l!0" "7!ll re$l!te !&t" !n% &ontr!&t" 0it7 ! &on%ition or erio%) 07i&7

0ere e;e&$te% or entere% into beore t7e ee&ti(it' o t7i" Co%e) e(en t7o$7 t7e &on%ition or

erio% !' "till be en%in !t t7e tie t7i" bo%' o l!0" oe" into ee&t. *n+

Art. 2256. A&t" !n% &ontr!&t" $n%er t7e reie o t7e ol% l!0") i t7e' !re (!li% in !&&or%!n&e

t7ere0it7) "7!ll &ontin$e to be $ll' oer!ti(e !" ro(i%e% in t7e "!e) 0it7 t7e liit!tion"

e"t!bli"7e% in t7e"e r$le". B$t t7e re(o&!tion or o%ii&!tion o t7e"e !&t" !n% &ontr!&t" !ter

t7e beinnin o t7e ee&ti(it' o t7i" Co%e) "7!ll be "$b#e&t to t7e ro(i"ion" o t7i" ne0 bo%' ol!0". *R$le 2!+

Art. 225,. Pro(i"ion" o t7i" Co%e 07i&7 !tt!&7 ! &i(il "!n&tion or en!lt' or ! %eri(!tion o

ri7t" to !&t" or oi""ion" 07i&7 0ere not en!lie% b' t7e orer l!0") !re not !li&!ble to


72/73

t7o"e 07o) 07en "!i% l!0" 0ere in or&e) !' 7!(e e;e&$te% t7e !&t or in&$rre% in t7e oi""ion

orbi%%en or &on%ene% b' t7i" Co%e.

I t7e !$lt i" !l"o $ni"7e% b' t7e re(io$" lei"l!tion) t7e le"" "e(ere "!n&tion "7!ll be !lie%.

I ! &ontin$o$" or ree!te% !&t or oi""ion 0!" &oen&e% beore t7e beinnin o t7e

ee&ti(it' o t7i" Co%e) !n% t7e "!e "$b"i"t" or i" !int!ine% or ree!te% !ter t7i" bo%' o

l!0" 7!" be&oe oer!ti(e) t7e "!n&tion or en!lt' re"&ribe% in t7i" Co%e "7!ll be !lie%)

e(en t7o$7 t7e re(io$" l!0" !' not 7!(e ro(i%e% !n' "!n&tion or en!lt' t7ereor. *R$le

3!+

Art. 2259. A&tion" !n% ri7t" 07i&7 &!e into bein b$t 0ere not e;er&i"e% beore t7e ee&ti(it'

o t7i" Co%e) "7!ll re!in in $ll or&e in &onorit' 0it7 t7e ol% lei"l!tion b$t t7eir e;er&i"e)

%$r!tion !n% t7e ro&e%$re to enor&e t7e "7!ll be re$l!te% b' t7i" Co%e !n% b' t7e R$le" o

Co$rt. I t7e e;er&i"e o t7e ri7t or o t7e !&tion 0!" &oen&e% $n%er t7e ol% l!0") b$t i"en%in on t7e %!te t7i" Co%e t!


73/73

*2+ Arti&le" 181 !n% 99) ro(i%in !!in"t &oll$"ion in &!"e" o le!l "e!r!tion !n%

!nn$lent o !rri!e

*3+ Arti&le" 293) 29) !n% 29:) &on&ernin t7e roo o illeiti!te ili!tion

*+ Arti&le 939) !$t7oriin t7e rob!te o ! 0ill on etition o t7e te"t!tor 7i"el

*5+ Arti&le" 135: to 136:) rel!ti(e to t7e reor!tion o in"tr$ent"

*6+ Arti&le" ,6 to 91) re$l!tin !&tion" to =$iet title

*,+ Arti&le" 282: to 2831) 07i&7 !re %e"ine% to roote &oroi"e. *n+

Art. 226,. T7e ollo0in ro(i"ion" "7!ll !l' not onl' to $t$re &!"e" b$t !l"o to t7o"e en%inon t7e %!te t7i" Co%e be&oe" ee&ti(e/

*1+ Arti&le 2:) Rel!ti(e to &riin!l ro"e&$tion" 07erein t7e !&&$"e% i" !&=$itte% on t7ero$n% t7!t 7i" $ilt 7!" not been ro(e% be'on% re!"on!ble %o$bt

*2+ Arti&le 33) &on&ernin &!"e" o %e!!tion) r!$%) !n% 7'"i&!l in#$rie". *n+

Art. 2269. S$it" bet0een eber" o t7e "!e !il' 07i&7 !re en%in !t t7e tie t7i" Co%eoe" into ee&t "7!ll be "$"en%e%) $n%er "$&7 ter" !" t7e &o$rt !' %eterine) in or%er t7!t&oroi"e !' be e!rne"tl' "o$7t) or) in &!"e o le!l "e!r!tion ro&ee%in") or t7e$ro"e o ee&tin) i o""ible) ! re&on&ili!tion. *n+

Art. 226:. T7e rin&ile" $on 07i&7 t7e re&e%in tr!n"ition!l ro(i"ion" !re b!"e% "7!ll) b'

!n!lo') be !lie% to &!"e" not "e&ii&!ll' re$l!te% b' t7e. *R$le 13!+

REPEALING CLA?SE

Art. 22,8. T7e ollo0in l!0" !n% re$l!tion" !re 7ereb' ree!le%/

*1+ T7o"e !rt" !n% ro(i"ion" o t7e Ci(il Co%e o 199: 07i&7 !re in or&e on t7e %!te

07en t7i" ne0 Ci(il Co%e be&oe" ee&ti(e/

*2+ T7e ro(i"ion" o t7e Co%e o Coer&e o(ernin "!le") !rtner"7i) !en&') lo!n)

%eo"it !n% $!r!nt'

*3+ T7e ro(i"ion" o t7e Co%e o Ci(il Pro&e%$re on re"&rition !" !r !" in&on"i"tent

0it7 t7i" Co%e !n%

*+ All l!0") A&t") !rt" o A&t") r$le" o &o$rt) e;e&$ti(e or%er") !n% !%ini"tr!ti(e

re$l!tion" 07i&7 !re in&on"i"tent 0it7 t7i" Co%e. *n+

BOOK IV New Civil Code

Documents

Transcript of BOOK IV New Civil Code