Bolt Nut Screw

Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, andWasher Manufacturing

1997 Economic Census

Manufacturing

Industry Series

1997Issued November 1999

EC97M-3327C

U.S. Department of CommerceEconomics and Statistics Administration

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

The staff of the Manufacturing and Con-struction Division prepared this report.Judy M. Dodds, Assistant Chief for Cen-sus and Related Programs, was respon-sible for the overall planning, manage-ment, and coordination. KennethHansen, Chief, Manufactured DurablesBranch, assisted by Mike Brown, ReneeColey, Raphael Corrado, and MilbrenThomas, Section Chiefs, Michael Zampo-gna, Former Chief, Manufactured Nondu-rables Branch, assisted by Allen Fore-man, Robert Miller, Robert Reinard,and Nat Shelton, Section Chiefs, and TomLee, Robert Rosati, and Tom Flood,Special Assistants, performed the planningand implementation. Stephanie Angel,Brian Appert, Stanis Batton, Carol Bea-sley, Chris Blackburn, Larry Blum-berg, Vera Harris-Bourne, BrendaCampbell, Suzanne Conard, VanceDavis, Mary Ellickson, Matt Gaines,Merry Glascoe, Kay Hanks, KarenHarshbarger, Nancy Higgins, JamesHinckley, Walter Hunter, Jim Jamski,Evelyn Jordan, Robert Lee, John Line-han, Paul Marck, Keith McKenzie,Philippe Morris, Joanna Nguyen, BettyPannell, Joyce Pomeroy, Venita Powell,Cynthia Ramsey, Chris Savage,Aronda Stovall, Sue Sundermann, Tha-nos Theodoropoulos, Dora Thomas,Ann Truffa, Ronanne Vinson, KeeleyVoor, Denneth Wallace, Tempie Whit-tington, Lissene Witt, and MikeYamaner provided primary staff assis-tance.

Brian Greenberg, Assistant Chief forResearch and Methodology Programs,assisted by Stacey Cole, Chief, Manufac-turing Programs Methodology Branch, andRobert Struble, Section Chief, providedthe mathematical and statistical tech-niques as well as the coverage operations.Jeffrey Dalzell and Cathy Ritenour pro-vided primary staff assistance.

Mendel D. Gayle, Chief, Forms, Publica-tions, and Customer Services Branch,assisted by Julius Smith Jr. and BarutiTaylor, Section Chiefs, performed overall

coordination of the publication process.Kim Credito, Patrick Duck, ChipMurph, Wanda Sledd, and VeronicaWhite provided primary staff assistance.

The Economic Planning and CoordinationDivision, Lawrence A. Blum, AssistantChief for Collection Activities and ShirinA. Ahmed, Assistant Chief for Post-Collection Processing, assisted by DennisShoemaker, Chief, Post-Collection CensusProcessing Branch, Brandy Yarbrough,Section Chief, Sheila Proudfoot, RichardWilliamson, Andrew W. Hait, and Jenni-fer E. Lins, was responsible for develop-ing the systems and procedures for datacollection, editing, review, correction anddissemination

The staff of the National Processing Center,Judith N. Petty, Chief, performed mailoutpreparation and receipt operations, clericaland analytical review activities, data key-ing, and geocoding review.

The Geography Division staff developedgeographic coding procedures and associ-ated computer programs.

The Economic Statistical Methods and Pro-gramming Division, Charles P. PautlerJr., Chief, developed and coordinated thecomputer processing systems. Martin S.Harahush, Assistant Chief for Quinquen-nial Programs, assisted by Barbara Lam-bert and Christina Arledge were respon-sible for design and implementation of thecomputer systems. Gary T. Sheridan,Chief, Manufacturing and ConstructionBranch, Lori A. Guido and Roy A. Smith,Section Chiefs, supervised the preparationof the computer programs.

Computer Services Division, Debra Will-iams, Chief, performed the computer pro-cessing.

The staff of the Administrative and Cus-tomer Services Division, Walter C. Odom,Chief, performed planning, design, compo-sition, editorial review, and printing plan-ning and procurement for publications,Internet products, and report forms.Cynthia G. Brooks provided publicationcoordination and editing.

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Bolt, Nut, Screw, Rivet, andWasher Manufacturing

1997 Economic Census

Manufacturing

Industry Series

1997Issued November 1999

EC97M-3327C

U.S. Department of CommerceWilliam M. Daley,

SecretaryRobert L. Mallett,Deputy Secretary

Economicsand Statistics

AdministrationRobert J. Shapiro,Under Secretary for

Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAUKenneth Prewitt,

Director

Paula J. Schneider,Principal Associate Directorfor Programs

Frederick T. Knickerbocker,Associate Directorfor Economic Programs

Thomas L. Mesenbourg,Assistant Directorfor Economic Programs

William G. Bostic Jr.,Chief, Manufacturingand Construction Division

ECONOMICSAND STATISTICS

ADMINISTRATION

Economicsand StatisticsAdministration

Robert J. Shapiro,Under Secretaryfor Economic Affairs

U.S. CENSUS BUREAU

Kenneth Prewitt,Director

William G. Barron,Deputy Director

CONTENTS

Introduction to the Economic Census 1.............................Manufacturing 5.................................................

TABLES

1. Industry Statistics on NAICS Basis With Distribution Among1987 SIC~Based Industries: 1997 7.........................

2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 1997 7.................3. Detailed Statistics by Industry: 1997 8........................4. Industry Statistics by Employment Size: 1997 9................5. Industry Statistics by Industry and Primary Product Class

Specialization: 1997 9.....................................6a. Products Statistics: 1997 and 1992 10.........................6b. Product Class Shipments for Selected States: 1997 and 1992 11.7. Materials Consumed by Kind: 1997 and 1992 13................

APPENDIXES

A. Explanation of Terms A1.....................................B. NAICS Codes, Titles, and Descriptions B1......................C. Coverage and Methodology C1................................D. Geographic Notes ~~........................................E. Metropolitan Areas ~~.......................................F. Footnotes for Products Statistics and Materials Consumed by

Kind ~~...................................................G. Comparability of Product Classes and Product Codes: 1997 to

1992 G1...................................................~~ Not applicable for this report.

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES NAICS 332722 iiiU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Nov. 17, 1999

Introduction to the Economic Census

PURPOSES AND USES OF THE ECONOMIC CENSUS

The economic census is the major source of facts aboutthe structure and functioning of the Nations economy. Itprovides essential information for government, business,industry, and the general public. Title 13 of the UnitedStates Code (Sections 131, 191, and 224) directs the Cen-sus Bureau to take the economic census every 5 years,covering years ending in 2 and 7.

The economic census furnishes an important part of theframework for such composite measures as the grossdomestic product estimates, input/output measures, pro-duction and price indexes, and other statistical series thatmeasure short-term changes in economic conditions. Spe-cific uses of economic census data include the following:

Policymaking agencies of the Federal Government usethe data to monitor economic activity and assess theeffectiveness of policies.

State and local governments use the data to assessbusiness activities and tax bases within their jurisdic-tions and to develop programs to attract business.

Trade associations study trends in their own and com-peting industries, which allows them to keep their mem-bers informed of market changes.

Individual businesses use the data to locate potentialmarkets and to analyze their own production and salesperformance relative to industry or area averages.

ALL-NEW INDUSTRY CLASSIFICATIONS

Data from the 1997 Economic Census are published pri-marily on the basis of the North American Industry Classi-fication System (NAICS), unlike earlier censuses, whichwere published according to the Standard Industrial Classi-fication (SIC) system. NAICS is in the process of beingadopted in the United States, Canada, and Mexico. Mosteconomic census reports cover one of the following NAICSsectors:

21 Mining22 Utilities23 Construction31-33 Manufacturing42 Wholesale Trade44-45 Retail Trade48-49 Transportation and Warehousing51 Information

52 Finance and Insurance53 Real Estate and Rental and Leasing54 Professional, Scientific, and Technical

Services55 Management of Companies and Enterprises56 Administrative and Support and Waste

Management and Remediation Services61 Educational Services62 Health Care and Social Assistance71 Arts, Entertainment, and Recreation72 Accommodation and Foodservices81 Other Services (except Public Administration)

(Not listed above are the Agriculture, Forestry, Fishing, andHunting sector (NAICS 11), partially covered by the censusof agriculture conducted by the U.S. Department of Agri-culture, and the Public Administration sector (NAICS 92),covered by the census of governments conducted by theCensus Bureau.)

The 20 NAICS sectors are subdivided into 96 subsectors(three-digit codes), 313 industry groups (four-digit codes),and, as implemented in the United States, 1170 industries(five- and six-digit codes).

RELATIONSHIP TO SIC

While many of the individual NAICS industries corre-spond directly to industries as defined under the SIC sys-tem, most of the higher level groupings do not. Particularcare should be taken in comparing data for retail trade,wholesale trade, and manufacturing, which are sectortitles used in both NAICS and SIC, but cover somewhat dif-ferent groups of industries. The industry definitions dis-cuss the relationships between NAICS and SIC industries.Where changes are significant, it will not be possible toconstruct time series that include data for points bothbefore and after 1997.

For 1997, data for auxiliary establishments (those func-tioning primarily to manage, service, or support the activi-ties of their companys operating establishments, such asa central administrative office or warehouse) will not beincluded in the sector-specific reports. These data will bepublished separately.

GEOGRAPHIC AREA CODING

Accurate and complete information on the physicallocation of each establishment is required to tabulate thecensus data for the states, metropolitan areas (MAs), coun-ties, parishes, and corporate municipalities including cit-ies, towns, villages, and boroughs. Respondents were

INTRODUCTION 11997 ECONOMIC CENSUSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

required to report their physical location (street address,municipality, county, and state) if it differed from theirmailing address. For establishments not surveyed by mail(and those single-establishment companies that did notprovide acceptable information on physical location), loca-tion information from Internal Revenue Service tax formsis used as a basis for coding.

BASIS OF REPORTING

The economic census is conducted on an establishmentbasis. A company operating at more than one location isrequired to file a separate report for each store, factory,shop, or other location. Each establishment is assigned aseparate industry classification based on its primary activ-ity and not that of its parent company.

DOLLAR VALUES

All dollar values presented are expressed in current dol-lars; i.e., 1997 data are expressed in 1997 dollars, and1992 data, in 1992 dollars. Consequently, when makingcomparisons with prior years, users of the data shouldconsider the changes in prices that have occurred.

All dollar values are shown in thousands of dollars.

AVAILABILITY OF ADDITIONAL DATA

Reports in Print and Electronic Media

All results of the 1997 Economic Census are availableon the Census Bureau Internet site (www.census.gov) andon compact discs (CD-ROM) for sale by the Census Bureau.Unlike previous censuses, only selected highlights arepublished in printed reports. For more information, includ-ing a description of electronic and printed reports beingissued, see the Internet site, or write to U.S. CensusBureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300, or call CustomerServices at 301-457-4100.

Special Tabulations

Special tabulations of data collected in the 1997 Eco-nomic Census may be obtained, depending on availabilityof time and personnel, in electronic or tabular form. Thedata will be summaries subject to the same rules prohibit-ing disclosure of confidential information (including name,address, kind of business, or other data for individualbusiness establishments or companies) that govern theregular publications.

Special tabulations are prepared on a cost basis. Arequest for a cost estimate, as well as exact specificationson the type and format of the data to be provided, shouldbe directed to the Chief of the division named below, U.S.Census Bureau, Washington, DC 20233-8300. To discuss aspecial tabulation before submitting specifications, callthe appropriate division:

Manufacturing and Construction Division 301-457-4673Service Sector Statistics Division 301-457-2668

HISTORICAL INFORMATION

The economic census has been taken as an integratedprogram at 5-year intervals since 1967 and before that for1954, 1958, and 1963. Prior to that time, individual com-ponents of the economic census were taken separately atvarying intervals.

The economic census traces its beginnings to the 1810Decennial Census, when questions on manufacturing wereincluded with those for population. Coverage of economicactivities was expanded for the 1840 Decennial Censusand subsequent censuses to include mining and somecommercial activities. The 1905 Manufactures Census wasthe first time a census was taken apart from the regulardecennial population census. Censuses covering retail andwholesale trade and construction industries were added in1930, as were some covering service trades in 1933. Cen-suses of construction, manufacturing, and the other busi-ness service censuses were suspended during World WarII.

The 1954 Economic Census was the first census to befully integrated: providing comparable census data acrosseconomic sectors, using consistent time periods, con-cepts, definitions, classifications, and reporting units. Itwas the first census to be taken by mail, using lists offirms provided by the administrative records of other Fed-eral agencies. Since 1963, administrative records alsohave been used to provide basic statistics for very smallfirms, reducing or eliminating the need to send them cen-sus questionnaires.

The range of industries covered in the economic cen-suses expanded between 1967 and 1992. The census ofconstruction industries began on a regular basis in 1967,and the scope of service industries, introduced in 1933,was broadened in 1967, 1977, and 1987. While a fewtransportation industries were covered as early as 1963, itwas not until 1992 that the census broadened to includeall of transportation, communications, and utilities. Alsonew for 1992 was coverage of financial, insurance, andreal estate industries. With these additions, the economiccensus and the separate census of governments and cen-sus of agriculture collectively covered roughly 98 percentof all economic activity.

Printed statistical reports from the 1992 and earliercensuses provide historical figures for the study of long-term time series and are available in some large libraries.All of the census reports printed since 1967 are still avail-able for sale on microfiche from the Census Bureau.CD-ROMs issued from the 1987 and 1992 Economic Cen-suses contain databases including nearly all data pub-lished in print, plus additional statistics, such as ZIP Codestatistics, published only on CD-ROM.

2 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

SOURCES FOR MORE INFORMATION

More information about the scope, coverage, classifica-tion system, data items, and publications for each of theeconomic censuses and related surveys is published in theGuide to the 1997 Economic Census and Related Statisticsat www.census.gov/econguide. More information on themethodology, procedures, and history of the censuses willbe published in the History of the 1997 Economic Censusat www.census.gov/econ/www/history.html.

ABBREVIATIONS AND SYMBOLS

The following abbreviations and symbols are used withthe 1997 Economic Census data:

A Standard error of 100 percent or more.D Withheld to avoid disclosing data of individual

companies; data are included in higher leveltotals.

F Exceeds 100 percent because data includeestablishments with payroll exceeding rev-enue.

N Not available or not comparable.Q Revenue not collected at this level of detail for

multiestablishment firms.S Withheld because estimates did not meet

publication standards.

V Represents less than 50 vehicles or .05percent.

X Not applicable.Y Disclosure withheld because of insufficient

coverage of merchandise lines.Z Less than half the unit shown.a 0 to 19 employees.b 20 to 99 employees.c 100 to 249 employees.e 250 to 499 employees.f 500 to 999 employees.g 1,000 to 2,499 employees.h 2,500 to 4,999 employees.i 5,000 to 9,999 employees.j 10,000 to 24,999 employees.k 25,000 to 49,999 employees.l 50,000 to 99,999 employees.m 100,000 employees or more.p 10 to 19 percent estimated.q 20 to 29 percent estimated.r Revised.s Sampling error exceeds 40 percent.nec Not elsewhere classified.nsk Not specified by kind. Represents zero (page image/print only).(CC) Consolidated city.(IC) Independent city.

INTRODUCTION 31997 ECONOMIC CENSUSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

This page is intentionally blank.

4 INTRODUCTION 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

Manufacturing

SCOPE

The 1997 Economic Census Manufacturing covers allmanufacturing establishments with one or more paidemployees. Manufacturing is defined as the mechanical,physical, or chemical transformation of materials or sub-stances into new products. The assembly of componentsinto new products is also considered manufacturing,except when it is appropriately classified as construction.

Establishments in the manufacturing sector are oftendescribed as plants, factories, or mills and typically usepower-driven machines and materials-handling equipment.Also included in the manufacturing sector are some estab-lishments that make products by hand, like custom tailorsand the makers of custom draperies. While manufacturerstypically do not sell to the public, some establishmentslike bakeries and candy stores that make products on thepremises may be included.

While logging and publishing are no longer in the scopeof manufacturing, data for these industries are included inthe manufacturing industry reports, but are not includedin the manufacturing state, summary, and other reports.

GENERAL

This report, from the 1997 Economic Census Manufac-turing, is one of a series of 480 industry reports and 51geographic area reports, each of which provides statisticsfor individual industries or states, respectively. Seven ofthe industry reports are for industries no longer in themanufacturing sector but are included with manufacturingfor the 1997 census year. Also included for this sector areGeneral, Product, and Materials Consumed Summaryreports, a special report on Concentration Ratios in Manu-facturing, and data files on Location of ManufacturingPlants.

Each industry report presents data for a six-digit NorthAmerican Industry Classification System (NAICS) industry.A description of the particular NAICS industry may befound in Appendix B. These reports include such statisticsas number of establishments, employment, payroll, valueadded by manufacture, cost of materials consumed, valueof shipments, capital expenditures, etc. Explanations ofthese and other terms may be found in Appendix A. Theindustry reports also include data for states with 100employees or more in the industry.

State reports, which include the District of Columbia,present similar statistics at the all manufacturing levelfor each state and its metropolitan areas (MAs) with 250

employees or more, and for counties, consolidated cities,and places with 500 employees or more. The state reportsalso include six-digit NAICS level data for industries with100 employees or more in the state.

The General Summary report contains industry and geo-graphic area statistics summarized in one report. Itincludes higher levels of aggregation than the industryand state reports, as well as revisions to the data madeafter the release of the industry and state reports.

The Products and Materials Consumed reports summa-rize the products and materials data published in theindustry reports. The Product Summary report alsoincludes data from the Current Industrial Reports (CIR) anda special table with data for products that are primary tomore than one industry, which are not in the industryreports.

The Concentration Ratios report publishes data on thepercentage of value of shipments accounted for by the 4-,8-, 20-, and 50-largest companies for each manufacturingindustry. Also shown in this report are Hirschmann-Herfindahl Indexes for each industry.

The Location of Manufacturing data files contain statis-tics on the number of establishments for the three- andsix-digit NAICS industry by state, county, place, and ZIPCode by employment-size of the establishment.

GEOGRAPHIC AREAS COVERED

Statistics at the six-digit NAICS industry level are shownfor states and the District of Columbia in both the stateand industry reports for cells with 100 employees ormore.

The state reports also include data at the all manufac-turing level for a variety of geographies that meet theemployment criteria.

Data are available for the metropolitan areas (MAs) with250 employees or more. The term MA is a general termused to encompass all of the specifically defined metro-politan areas. A consolidated metropolitan statistical area(CMSA) is made up of two or more contiguous primarymetropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs) with a combinedpopulation of at least 1 million. A PMSA is a subdivision ofa CMSA that demonstrates very strong internal economicand social links separate from the ties to other portions ofthe CMSA. A metropolitan statistical area (MSA) is an inte-grated economic and social unit with a population of atleast 50,000. An MA is made up of one or more countiesmeeting standards of metropolitan character. In NewEngland, cities and towns, rather than counties, are the

MANUFACTURING 51997 ECONOMIC CENSUSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

component geographic units. Determination of the MAswas made by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB)as of June 30, 1997. The population estimates were fromthe 1990 Census of Population or a subsequent specialcensus. When applicable, the make-up of an MA isincluded in Appendix E. Changes to geographical bound-aries are noted in Appendix D.

The state reports include data for counties with 500employees or more. These are the primary divisions ofstates, except in Louisiana where they are called parishesand in Alaska where they are called boroughs and censusareas. Maryland, Missouri, Nevada, and Virginia have oneor more places that are independent of county organiza-tions. These places are treated as counties and places. Thecounties and places are defined as of January 1, 1997.

The state reports include data for places with 500employees or more. Places are typically cities, towns, andvillages. They may be incorporated municipalities, semi-independent municipalities, special economic urban areas(SEUAs), or other place equivalents.

The state reports also include data for consolidated cit-ies with 500 employees or more. Consolidated cities aremade up of separately incorporated municipalities.

COMPARABILITY OF THE 1992 AND 1997 CENSUSES

The adoption of the North American Industry Classifica-tion System (NAICS) has had a major impact on the compa-rability of data between the 1992 and 1997 censuses.Approximately half of the industries in the manufacturingsector of NAICS do not have comparable industries in theStandard Industrial Classification (SIC) system that wasused in the past. If industries are not comparable betweenthe two censuses, historic data are not shown. When appli-cable, Appendix G shows the product class and productcomparability between the two systems.

While most of the change affecting the manufacturingsector was change within the sector, some industries leftmanufacturing and others came into manufacturing.Prominent among those leaving manufacturing are loggingand portions of publishing. Prominent among the indus-tries coming into the manufacturing sector are bakeries,candy stores where candy is made on the premises, cus-tom tailors, makers of custom draperies, and tire retread-ing. Data for the industries coming into manufacturing aswell as those leaving manufacturing are included in themanufacturing industry report series for 1997. However,the state and summary reports only include data forindustries in the NAICS definition of manufacturing.

Another change resulting from the conversion to NAICSis that data for central administrative offices (CAOs) asso-ciated with manufacturing are not included along side themanufacturing data. This change affects data in the statereports and the general summary.

DISCLOSURE

In accordance with Federal law governing censusreports (Title 13 of the United States Code), no data arepublished that would disclose the operations of an indi-vidual establishment or company. However, the number ofestablishments classified in a specific industry or geogra-phy is not considered a disclosure, and may be releasedeven when other information is withheld.

The disclosure analysis for the industry statistics files isbased on the total value of shipments. When the totalvalue of shipments cannot be shown without disclosinginformation for individual companies, the complete line issuppressed except for capital expenditures. However, thesuppressed data are included in higher-level totals. A sepa-rate disclosure analysis is performed for capital expendi-tures that can be suppressed even though value of ship-ments data are published.

AVAILABILITY OF MORE FREQUENT ECONOMICDATA

The Census Bureau conducts the Annual Survey ofManufactures (ASM) in each of the 4 years between theeconomic censuses. The ASM is a probability-basedsample of approximately 58,000 establishments and col-lects many of the same industry statistics (includingemployment, payroll, value of shipments, etc.) as the eco-nomic census. However, there are selected statistics notincluded in the ASM. Among these are the number of com-panies and establishments, detailed product and materialsdata, and substate geographic data.

In addition to the ASM, the Census Bureau conducts aCurrent Industrial Reports (CIR) program. The CIR pub-lishes detailed product statistics for selected manufactur-ing industries at the U.S. level annually and, in somecases, monthly and/or quarterly. For the 1997 EconomicCensus Manufacturing, the annual CIR data are includedin the Product Summary report.

The Census Bureau also conducts the monthly Manufac-turers Shipments, Inventories, and Orders (M3) program,which publishes detailed statistics for manufacturingindustries at the U.S. level.

6 MANUFACTURING 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

Table 1. Industry Statistics on NAICS Basis With Distribution Among 1987 SIC~BasedIndustries: 1997

[NAICS codes appear in bold type. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NAICSor SICcode

IndustryAll employees Production workers

Com~panies1

Allestab~

lish~ments2 Number

Payroll($1,000) Number

Hours(1,000)

Wages($1,000)

Value added bymanufacture

($1,000)Cost of

materials($1,000)

Value ofshipments

($1,000)

Total capitalexpendi~

tures($1,000)

332722 Bolt, nut, screw, rivet, & washermfg 911......................... 1 040 53 002 1 939 373 39 605 84 271 1 227 390 4 649 769 3 507 320 8 130 536 396 186

345200 Bolts, nuts, rivets, & washers N.. 1 040 53 002 1 939 373 39 605 84 271 1 227 390 4 649 769 3 507 320 8 130 536 396 186

1For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control.2Includes establishments with payroll at any time during the year.

Table 2. Industry Statistics for Selected States: 1997[States that are disclosures or with less than 100 employees are not shown. For explanation of terms, see appendixes. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text]

Industry and geographic area

Allestablishments All employees Production workers

E1 Total

With 20em~

ploy~ees ormore Number


Hours(1,000)

Wages($1,000)


($1,000)Cost of

materials($1,000)

Value ofshipments

($1,000)


tures($1,000)

332722, BOLT, NUT, SCREW,RIVET, & WASHER MFG

United States 1.............. 1 040 529 53 002 1 939 373 39 605 84 271 1 227 390 4 649 769 3 507 320 8 130 536 396 186

Alabama ........................... 14 8 721 18 457 559 1 158 11 556 43 401 63 063 100 956 6 398Arizona 2............................ 7 4 285 9 268 231 373 5 864 26 670 10 973 37 654 1 884Arkansas ........................... 8 4 413 13 003 311 717 9 137 18 683 33 713 52 557 1 286California .......................... 131 65 9 797 401 340 7 376 17 262 237 949 850 293 475 564 1 315 405 73 014Colorado 1........................... 6 2 171 4 465 117 248 3 246 7 643 5 888 13 509 339

Connecticut ........................ 38 20 1 825 83 510 1 273 2 926 40 876 171 992 131 179 305 601 14 352Florida ............................. 20 4 564 17 697 448 835 11 026 32 530 20 660 53 813 2 664Georgia 3............................ 8 3 183 5 690 138 260 3 503 13 628 8 474 21 782 1 867Illinois ............................. 135 77 8 976 334 529 6 655 14 322 219 028 796 059 608 738 1 403 167 61 232Indiana ............................ 32 19 1 627 55 089 1 231 2 821 38 201 163 656 187 184 351 109 14 998

Kentucky 2........................... 11 7 475 12 837 370 664 9 139 48 609 41 979 91 297 2 948Massachusetts 2..................... 33 15 1 075 40 509 780 1 654 23 125 67 086 51 533 119 333 5 818Michigan ........................... 123 70 5 924 215 789 4 371 9 205 140 832 607 564 622 420 1 228 233 54 879Minnesota .......................... 9 4 322 12 425 262 547 8 994 26 761 10 993 37 753 905Mississippi ......................... 4 2 156 3 246 140 255 2 605 5 244 2 889 8 353 140

Missouri 1........................... 19 10 437 15 506 333 665 10 150 27 866 18 741 46 036 3 162Nevada ............................ 6 3 364 9 259 270 401 6 235 18 858 15 849 34 967 1 968New Hampshire 1..................... 6 4 211 6 689 157 340 4 155 13 141 8 993 22 350 514New Jersey 3........................ 39 19 1 352 53 207 847 1 693 29 163 135 282 80 893 210 273 10 382New York 4.......................... 54 23 1 616 55 738 1 084 2 279 30 324 135 977 106 728 240 999 8 211

Ohio ............................... 97 56 4 609 157 898 3 328 6 738 99 029 385 748 341 361 733 407 33 841Oklahoma 3.......................... 6 3 348 11 542 272 497 7 379 25 764 19 551 44 947 3 291Oregon 7............................ 8 4 225 7 152 187 357 5 064 13 461 13 050 26 509 2 181Pennsylvania ....................... 48 25 4 117 165 115 3 177 6 556 117 622 388 248 196 559 581 327 36 036Rhode Island 5....................... 17 9 481 15 066 363 686 9 729 26 569 19 195 46 237 3 248

South Carolina 1...................... 12 5 322 11 395 239 479 6 935 27 764 20 447 46 721 3 926Tennessee 1......................... 16 10 941 36 890 718 1 645 22 274 77 745 63 506 140 782 8 522Texas 2............................. 50 21 1 555 55 177 1 170 2 290 33 769 121 209 96 463 215 980 10 303Virginia ............................ 8 6 835 21 625 691 1 274 17 059 86 235 53 993 139 247 6 051Wisconsin .......................... 25 10 1 088 33 365 875 1 730 22 036 124 459 82 696 205 388 8 803

* Hawaii has no incorporated places in the sense of functioning governmental units; however, in agreement with Hawaiian law, the Bureau of the Census reports data for census designatedplaces (CDPs) which have been designated as place equivalents. Those CDPs, only for the state of Hawaii, with 2,500 or more population are recognized.

1Some payroll and sales data for small single~establishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other governmentagencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. This technique was also used for asmall number of other establishments whose reports were not received at the time data were tabulated. The following symbols are shown where estimated data based on administrative~record dataaccount for 10 percent or more of the figures shown: 110 to 19 percent; 220 to 29 percent; 330 to 39 percent; 440 to 49 percent; 550 to 59 percent; 660 to 69 percent; 770 to 79 percent; 880 to89 percent; 990 percent or more.

MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIES NAICS 332722 7U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Nov. 17, 1999

Table 3. Detailed Statistics by Industry: 1997[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Item Value

332722, BOLT, NUT, SCREW, RIVET, & WASHERMFG

Companies1 number.................................................. 911All establishments number............................................. 1 040

Establishments with 1 to 19 employees number......................... 511Establishments with 20 to 99 employees number....................... 384Establishments with 100 employees or more number.................... 145

All employees number................................................. 53 002Total compensation2 $1,000............................................ 2 434 304

Annual payroll $1,000................................................ 1 939 373Total fringe benefits $1,000........................................... 494 931

Production workers, average for year number............................ 39 605Production workers on March 12 number.............................. 38 871Production workers on May 12 number................................ 39 296Production workers on August 12 number.............................. 39 753Production workers on November 12 number........................... 40 500

Production~worker hours 1,000......................................... 84 271Production~worker wages $1,000........................................ 1 227 390Total cost of materials $1,000........................................... 3 507 320

Cost of materials, parts, containers, etc., consumed $1,000............... 2 547 248Cost of resales $1,000............................................... 275 767Cost of fuels $1,000................................................. 38 260Cost of purchased electricity $1,000................................... 92 827Cost of contract work $1,000......................................... 553 218

Quantity of electricity purchased for heat and power 1,000 kWh............. 1 339 115Quantity of electricity generated less sold for heat and power 1,000 kWh..... 5 947Total value of shipments $1,000........................................ 8 130 536

Primary products value of shipments $1,000............................ 7 287 373Secondary products value of shipments $1,000......................... 438 566Total miscellaneous receipts $1,000................................... 404 597

Value of resales $1,000............................................ 350 836Contract receipts $1,000........................................... 21 961Other miscellaneous receipts $1,000................................ 31 800

Primary products specialization ratio percent............................. 94Value of primary products shipments made in all industries $1,000.......... 7 510 530

Value of primary products shipments made in this industry $1,000......... 7 287 373Value of primary products shipments made in otherindustries $1,000................................................... 223 157

Coverage ratio percent................................................ 97

Item Value

332722, BOLT, NUT, SCREW, RIVET, & WASHERMFGmCon.

Value added $1,000................................................... 4 649 769Total inventories, beginning of year $1,000............................... 1 209 217

Finished goods inventories, beginning of year $1,000.................... 589 731Work~in~process inventories, beginning of year $1,000................... 317 462Materials and supplies inventories, beginning of year $1,000.............. 302 024

Total inventories, end of year $1,000.................................... 1 224 841Finished goods inventories, end of year $1,000......................... 572 090Work~in~process inventories, end of year $1,000........................ 361 656Materials and supplies inventories, end of year $1,000................... 291 095

Gross book value of total assets at beginning of year $1,000................ 3 009 946Total capital expenditures (new and used) $1,000....................... 396 186

Capital expenditures for buildings and other structures(new and used) $1,000........................................... 42 186

Capital expenditures for machinery and equipment (newand used) $1,000................................................ 354 000

Total retirements2 $1,000............................................ 75 673Gross book value of total assets at end of year $1,000..................... 3 330 459Total depreciation during year2 $1,000................................... 230 063Total rental payments2 $1,000.......................................... 97 821

Buildings and other structures rental payments2 $1,000.................. 47 790Machinery and equipment rental payments2 $1,000...................... 50 031

Cost of purchased services for the repair of buildings and otherstructures3 $1,000.................................................... 16 334Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 89

Cost of purchased services for the repair of machinery andequipment3 $1,000................................................... 73 055Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 89

Cost of purchased communications services3 $1,000...................... 16 951Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 89

Cost of purchased legal services3 $1,000................................ 8 985Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 89

Cost of purchased accounting and bookkeeping services3 $1,000........... 4 839Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 89

Cost of purchased advertising services3 $1,000........................... 15 680Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 89

Cost of purchased software and other data processingservices3 $1,000..................................................... 12 094Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 89

Cost of purchased refuse removal (including hazardous waste)services3 $1,000..................................................... 8 820Response coverage ratio4 percent.................................... 89

1For the census, a company is defined as a business organization consisting of one establishment or more under common ownership or control.2These items are collected in the ASM and estimated for the remaining establishments; therefore, the levels of estimation are higher than for other items in the table.3Based on ASM sample data.4A response coverage ratio is derived for this item by calculating the ratio of the weighted employment (establishment data multiplied by sample weight) for those ASM establishments that

reported to the weighted total employment for all ASM establishments classified in this industry.

Note: The amounts shown for purchased services reflect only those services that establishments purchase from other companies.

8 NAICS 332722 MANUFACTURINGmINDUSTRY SERIESU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census Nov. 17, 1999

Table 4. Industry Statistics by Employment Size: 1997[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

Employment size class

Allestablishments All employees Production workers

E1 Total

With 20em~

ploy~ees ormore Number


Hours(1,000)

Wages($1,000)


($1,000)Cost of

materials($1,000)

Value ofshipments

($1,000)


tures($1,000)

332722, BOLT, NUT, SCREW,RIVET, & WASHER MFG

All establishments 1......... 1 040 529 53 002 1 939 373 39 605 84 271 1 227 390 4 649 769 3 507 320 8 130 536 396 186

Establishments with 1 to 4employees 8........................ 160 365 11 221 295 492 7 751 22 068 19 520 41 646 3 473

Establishments with 5 to 9employees 5........................ 145 1 027 31 586 798 1 355 21 439 72 609 64 949 136 912 9 930

Establishments with 10 to 19employees 3........................ 206 2 843 86 622 2 135 3 731 53 515 179 006 158 840 337 319 17 087

Establishments with 20 to 49employees 1........................ 254 254 8 128 273 118 6 148 12 459 172 078 657 175 531 961 1 172 288 47 971

Establishments with 50 to 99employees 1........................ 130 130 9 024 308 382 6 831 13 896 194 360 765 317 682 839 1 446 884 68 615

Establishments with 100 to 249employees ........................ 112 112 16 598 629 625 11 891 25 863 385 042 1 542 359 1 181 937 2 722 252 134 684

Establishments with 250 to 499employees ........................ 22 22 7 048 265 516 5 280 11 329 173 333 647 186 500 139 1 140 555 52 078

Establishments with 500 to 999employees ........................ 10 10 D D D D D D D D D

Establishments with 1,000 to 2,499employees ........................ 1 1 D D D D D D D D D

Establishments with 2,500 employeesor more ...........................

Administrative records2 9.............. 293 1 843 47 665 1 450 2 139 32 885 94 464 89 615 184 038 16 660

1Some payroll and sales data for small single~establishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other governmentagencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. This technique was also used for asmall number of other establishments whose reports were not received at the time data were tabulated. The following symbols are shown where estimated data based on administrative~record dataaccount for 10 percent or more of the figures shown: 110 to 19 percent; 220 to 29 percent; 330 to 39 percent; 440 to 49 percent; 550 to 59 percent; 660 to 69 percent; 770 to 79 percent; 880 to89 percent; 990 percent or more.

2Some payroll and sales data for small single~establishment companies with up to 20 employees (cutoff varied by industry) were obtained from administrative records of other governmentagencies rather than from census report forms. These data were then used in conjunction with industry averages to estimate statistics for these small establishments. Data are also included in respectivesize classes shown.

Table 5. Industry Statistics by Industry and Primary Product Class Specialization: 1997[For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NAICSindustry or

productclass code

Industry or primary product classAll employees Production workersAll

estab~lish~

ments NumberPayroll

($1,000) NumberHours

(1,000)Wages

($1,000)

Value addedby

manufacture($1,000)

Cost ofmaterials($1,000)

Value ofshipments

($1,000)


tures($1,000)

332722 Bolt, nut, screw, rivet, &washer mfg 1 040............. 53 002 1 939 373 39 605 84 271 1 227 390 4 649 769 3 507 320 8 130 536 396 186

3327221 Aircraft (including aerospace)fasteners other than plastics (meetspecifications for flying vehicles) 66.... 9 236 407 300 6 881 16 475 256 420 840 972 428 169 1 263 276 68 134

3327223 Externally threaded metal fasteners,except aircraft types 317.............. 19 487 695 769 14 583 30 533 449 671 1 726 776 1 549 630 3 273 319 124 725

3327225 Internally threaded metal fasteners,except aircraft types 76.............. 5 389 191 073 4 120 8 878 118 555 556 633 350 529 904 386 53 089

3327227 Nonthreaded metal fasteners, exceptaircraft types 96..................... 6 027 222 913 4 028 8 266 117 892 566 375 363 427 923 445 44 539

3327229 Products, other than fasteners, madeby cold~heading (or warm~ or hot~heading) processes 53............... 6 060 213 674 4 670 10 626 144 921 538 023 449 110 979 103 44 716


Table 6a. Products Statistics: 1997 and 1992[Includes quantity and value of products of this industry produced by (1) establishments classified in this industry (primary) and (2) establishments classified in other industries (secondary). Transfers ofproducts of this industry from one establishment of a company to another establishment of the same company (interplant transfers) are also included. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, seeintroductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NAICSproduct

codeProduct

1997 1992

Product shipments Product shipmentsNumber ofcompanies

withshipments

of$100,000

or more

Quantity ofproduction

for allpurposes Quantity

Value($1,000)

Number ofcompanies

withshipments

of$100,000

or more



Value($1,000)

332722 Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets andwashers ...................... N................... X X 7 510 530 N X X 4 854 439

3327221 Aircraft (including aerospace) fastenersother than plastics (meet specifications forflying vehicles)......................... N................... X X 1 208 695 N X X 767 501

33272211 Aircraft (including aerospace) fastenersother than plastics (meet specificationsfor flying vehicles) .................... N................... X X 1 161 833 N X X N

3327221101 Aircraft bolts, except plastics (includingaerospace), less than 161 KSI tensile(meets specifications for flyingvehicles) .......................... 26................... X X 140 369 21 X X 115 180

3327221106 Aircraft bolts, except plastics (includingaerospace), 161 KSI tensile or more(meets specifications for flyingvehicles) .......................... 30................... X X 248 609 19 X X 202 990

3327221115 Aircraft screws and studs, exceptplastics (including aerospace) (meetsspecifications for flying vehicles) ..... 25................... X X 186 530 20 X X 39 703

3327221145 Aircraft locknuts, except plastics(including aerospace), includingflanged locknuts (meets specificationsfor flying vehicles) .................. 15................... X X 213 307 15 X X 144 069

3327221159 Other internally threaded aircraftfasteners, except plastics (includingaerospace), including flanged nuts (alltypes except flanged locknuts), hexsquare nuts (all types) and sheetmetal fasteners .................... 17................... X X 100 675 13 X X 102 524

3327221172 Aircraft (including aerospace) washers,all types except plastics ............. 15................... X X 25 357 10 X X 8 427

3327221178 Aircraft (including aerospace) rivets, alltypes except plastics ............... 10................... X X 171 579 9 X X 109 622

3327221184 Aircraft (including aerospace) pins, alltypes except plastics ............... 16................... X X 75 407 21 X X 44 337

3327221Y Aircraft (including aerospace) fastenersother than plastics (meet specificationsfor flying vehicles), nsk................ N................... X X 46 862 N X X N

3327221YWV Aircraft (including aerospace) fastenersother than plastics (meetspecifications for flying vehicles), nsk . N................... X X 46 862 N X X 649

3327223 Externally threaded metal fasteners, exceptaircraft types .......................... N................... X X 2 956 265 N X X 2 016 014

33272231 Externally threaded metal fasteners,except aircraft types .................. N................... X X 2 759 616 N X X N

3327223111 Mine roof bolts...................... 13................... X X 110 156 12 X X 203 8503327223122 Hex bolts, including heavy, tap~and~

joint, excluding high~strength structuraland aircraft ........................ 66................... X X 366 056 55 X X 250 177

3327223133 Other metal bolts, including square,round, plow, high~strength structural,and bent bolts (except aircraft types) . 92................... X X 418 314 98 X X 263 662

3327223144 Cap, set, machine, lag, flange, and self~locking screws, except aircraft types .. 105................... X X 660 375 108 X X 429 308

3327223155 Tapping screws (including fillister, flat,hex, oval, pan, and truss) and woodscrews (including flat, oval, and round)(except aircraft types)............... 60................... X X 531 301 73 X X 410 788

3327223199 Other externally threaded metalfasteners, including studs, exceptaircraft types ...................... 121................... X X 673 414 118 X X 413 645

3327223Y Externally threaded metal fasteners,except aircraft types, nsk.............. N................... X X 196 649 N X X N

3327223YWV Externally threaded metal fasteners,except aircraft types, nsk............ N................... X X 196 649 N X X 44 584

3327225 Internally threaded metal fasteners, exceptaircraft types .......................... N................... X X 858 173 N X X 557 587

33272251 Internally threaded metal fasteners,except aircraft types .................. N................... X X 776 866 N X X N

3327225104 Hex nuts, including flanges, doublechamfered, washer face, flat, jam,slotted, thick, castle, heavy, machine,and locking (except aircraft types) .... 70................... X X 288 181 77 X X 285 999

3327225129 Square nuts (including flat, washer,crowned, heavy, track, sleeve, andmachine), sheet metal nuts, weld nuts,wing nuts, nut retainers, etc. (exceptaircraft types)...................... 25................... X X 46 121 22 X X 32 388

3327225189 Other internally threaded metalfasteners, including flanged nuts andlocknuts (except aircraft types)....... 59................... X X 442 564 57 X X 227 328

3327225Y Internally threaded metal fasteners,except aircraft types, nsk.............. N................... X X 81 307 N X X N

3327225YWV Internally threaded metal fasteners,except aircraft types, nsk............ N................... X X 81 307 N X X 11 872

See footnotes at end of table.


Table 6a. Products Statistics: 1997 and 1992mCon.[Includes quantity and value of products of this industry produced by (1) establishments classified in this industry (primary) and (2) establishments classified in other industries (secondary). Transfers ofproducts of this industry from one establishment of a company to another establishment of the same company (interplant transfers) are also included. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, seeintroductory text. For explanation of terms, see appendixes]

NAICSproduct

codeProduct

1997 1992

Product shipments Product shipmentsNumber ofcompanies

withshipments

of$100,000

or more



Value($1,000)

Number ofcompanies

withshipments

of$100,000

or more



Value($1,000)

332722 Bolts, nuts, screws, rivets andwashersmCon.

3327227 Nonthreaded metal fasteners, exceptaircraft types .......................... N................... X X 932 355 N X X 669 816

33272271 Nonthreaded metal fasteners, exceptaircraft types ........................ N................... X X 874 335 N X X N

3327227109 Solid rivets, except aircraft types ...... 45................... X X 93 291 47 X X 91 8263327227115 Tubular, split (including rivet caps) and

blind rivets, except aircraft types ..... 28................... X X 190 198 32 X X 134 5933327227135 Washers, except aircraft types ........ 44................... X X 176 437 47 X X 166 9793327227179 Other nonthreaded metal fasteners,

including pins (except aircraft types) .. 73................... X X 414 409 87 X X 275 5083327227Y Nonthreaded metal fasteners, except

aircraft types, nsk .................... N................... X X 58 020 N X X N3327227YWV Nonthreaded metal fasteners, except

aircraft types, nsk .................. N................... X X 58 020 N X X 9103327229 Products, other than fasteners, made by

cold~heading (or warm~ or hot~heading)processes............................. N................... X X 858 765 N X X 538 712

33272291 Products, other than fasteners, made bycold~heading (or warm~ or hot~heading)processes........................... N................... X X 836 470 N X X N

3327229105 Aircraft parts, other than fasteners,made by cold~heading (or warm~ orhot~heading) processes ............. 10................... X X 64 632 14 X X 51 295

3327229115 Automotive parts, other than fasteners,made by cold~heading (or warm~ orhot~heading) processes ............. 55................... X X 613 042 44 X X 287 476

3327229135 Parts for household appliances(including radio and television), otherthan fasteners, made by cold~heading(or warm~ or hot~heading) processes.. 17................... X X 49 169 21 X X 31 752

3327229199 Other products (except fasteners)made by cold~heading (or warm~ orhot~heading) processes ............. 35................... X X 109 627 49 X X 167 238

3327229Y Products, other than fasteners, made bycold~heading (or warm~ or hot~heading)processes, nsk ...................... N................... X X 22 295 N X X N

3327229YWV Products, other than fasteners, madeby cold~heading (or warm~ or hot~heading) processes, nsk ............ N................... X X 22 295 N X X 951

332722W Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers, nsk, total .. N................... X X 696 277 N X X 304 809332722WY Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers, nsk,

total ................................ N................... X X 696 277 N X X N332722WYWW Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers, nsk,

for nonadministrative~recordestablishments..................... N................... X X 524 455 N X X 197 108

332722WYWY Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers, nsk,for administrative~recordestablishments..................... N................... X X 171 822 N X X 107 701

# Additional information is available for this item; see Appendix F.@ Additional data are available for these codes at the aggregate U.S. level in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) series; see Appendix F for the CIR survey number and title.$ This product is primary to more than one industry; see Appendix F for a listing of the related product codes.Note: For some establishments, data have been estimated from central unit values which are based on quantity~value relationships of reported data. The following symbols are used when

percentage of each quantity figure estimated in this manner equals or exceeds 10 percent of published figure: p 10 to 19 percent estimated; q 20 to 29 percent estimated. If 30 percent or more isestimated, figure is replaced by S.

Table 6b. Product Class Shipments for Selected States: 1997 and 1992[Product classes covered are those that are economically significant and whose production is geographically dispersed, provided dispersion is not approximated by data in Table 2. Also, product classesare not shown if they are miscellaneous or "not specified by kind" classes. Statistics for some states are withheld because they are either less than $2 million in product class shipments or they disclosedata for individual companies in 1997. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanations of terms, see appendixes]

NAICSproduct class

codeProduct class and geographic area

Value of product shipments($1,000)

1997 1992

3327221 AIRCRAFT (INCLUDING AEROSPACE) FASTENERS OTHER THAN PLASTICS (MEETSPECIFICATIONS FOR FLYING VEHICLES)

United States 1 208 695............................................................................. 767 501 California 985 385......................................................................................... 602 230 Connecticut 13 987...................................................................................... 16 623 Illinois 6 664........................................................................................... 5 798 Massachusetts 8 592.................................................................................... N Michigan 6 671......................................................................................... 6 686 New Jersey 4 485....................................................................................... N New York 13 673........................................................................................ 2 373 Ohio 10 072............................................................................................. 3 294

See footnotes at end of table.


Table 6b. Product Class Shipments for Selected States: 1997 and 1992mCon.[Product classes covered are those that are economically significant and whose production is geographically dispersed, provided dispersion is not approximated by data in Table 2. Also, product classesare not shown if they are miscellaneous or "not specified by kind" classes. Statistics for some states are withheld because they are either less than $2 million in product class shipments or they disclosedata for individual companies in 1997. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanations of terms, see appendixes]

NAICSproduct class

codeProduct class and geographic area

Value of product shipments($1,000)

1997 1992

3327223 EXTERNALLY THREADED METAL FASTENERS, EXCEPT AIRCRAFT TYPESUnited States 2 956 265............................................................................. 2 016 014

Alabama 82 131......................................................................................... 43 907 Arkansas 22 000......................................................................................... N California 44 602......................................................................................... 37 719 Connecticut 47 074...................................................................................... 53 127 Florida 17 655........................................................................................... 10 215

Georgia 7 953.......................................................................................... N Illinois 801 419........................................................................................... 623 126 Indiana 193 431.......................................................................................... 97 249 Kentucky 40 317......................................................................................... 51 414 Massachusetts 50 737.................................................................................... 34 981

Michigan 496 388......................................................................................... 290 646 Minnesota 2 513........................................................................................ 9 862 Missouri 22 699.......................................................................................... 14 337 New Jersey 24 741....................................................................................... 11 576 New York 90 036........................................................................................ 85 746

Ohio 362 056............................................................................................. 218 745 Pennsylvania 191 293..................................................................................... 131 771 Rhode Island 12 391..................................................................................... 10 950 South Carolina 18 070.................................................................................... N Tennessee 31 399....................................................................................... 21 189 Texas 116 771............................................................................................ 68 126 Virginia 88 275.......................................................................................... 69 427

3327225 INTERNALLY THREADED METAL FASTENERS, EXCEPT AIRCRAFT TYPESUnited States 858 173............................................................................. 557 587

California 58 565......................................................................................... N Connecticut 30 517...................................................................................... N Illinois 73 650........................................................................................... 43 989 Indiana 71 161.......................................................................................... 53 070 Massachusetts 9 753.................................................................................... 6 886

Michigan 173 269......................................................................................... 121 437 Minnesota 2 957........................................................................................ N Missouri 3 165.......................................................................................... N New Jersey 14 536....................................................................................... N New York 17 058........................................................................................ 8 061

Ohio 112 892............................................................................................. 85 968 Pennsylvania 103 062..................................................................................... 59 784 Rhode Island 4 209..................................................................................... N Texas 25 369............................................................................................ 16 393 Wisconsin 40 515........................................................................................ 16 889

3327227 NONTHREADED METAL FASTENERS, EXCEPT AIRCRAFT TYPESUnited States 932 355............................................................................. 669 816

Alabama 2 115......................................................................................... N California 34 267......................................................................................... 33 990 Connecticut 98 736...................................................................................... 69 385 Illinois 163 849........................................................................................... 120 296 Indiana 4 717.......................................................................................... 4 224

Massachusetts 23 755.................................................................................... 26 231 Michigan 50 085......................................................................................... 66 980 Minnesota 6 209........................................................................................ N Missouri 7 746.......................................................................................... N New Jersey 125 878....................................................................................... 54 736

New York 54 670........................................................................................ 41 525 Ohio 62 982............................................................................................. 56 283 Pennsylvania 27 769..................................................................................... 29 354 South Carolina 16 754.................................................................................... 14 182 Wisconsin 107 236........................................................................................ 75 629

3327229 PRODUCTS, OTHER THAN FASTENERS, MADE BY COLD~HEADING (OR WARM~ ORHOT~HEADING) PROCESSES

United States 858 765............................................................................. 538 712

California 73 966......................................................................................... 48 196 Connecticut 53 719...................................................................................... 37 249 Illinois 144 438........................................................................................... 110 992 Massachusetts 8 932.................................................................................... 10 123 Michigan 308 444......................................................................................... 113 061

New Jersey 2 485....................................................................................... 36 665 New York 8 431........................................................................................ 33 551 Ohio 73 405............................................................................................. 73 274 Pennsylvania 74 837..................................................................................... 38 127

# Additional information is available for this item; see Appendix F.@ Additional data are available for these codes at the aggregate U.S. level in the Current Industrial Report (CIR) series; see Appendix F for the CIR survey number and title.$ This product is primary to more than one industry; see Appendix F for a listing of the related product codes.


Table 7. Materials Consumed by Kind: 1997 and 1992[Includes quantity and cost of materials consumed or put into production by establishments classified only in this industry. For meaning of abbreviations and symbols, see introductory text. For explanationof terms, see appendixes]

NAICSmaterial

codeMaterial consumed

1997 1992

QuantityDelivered cost

($1,000) QuantityDelivered cost

($1,000)

332722 BOLT, NUT, SCREW, RIVET, & WASHER MFG33200005 Fabricated metal products, including forgings............................ X................... 158 418 X 96 05333100035 Castings (rough and semifinished) ..................................... X................... 5 874 X 10 30833120071 Steel bars and bar shapes (except castings, forgings, and fabricated metal

products) .......................................................... X................... 215 552 X 207 88133120017 Steel sheet and strip, including tin plate................................. X................... 122 627 X 121 46833120025 Steel wire and wire products .......................................... X................... 847 951 X 518 655

33120035 All other steel shapes and forms (except castings, forgings, and fabricatedmetal products)..................................................... X................... 67 178 X 67 324

33142107 Copper and copper~base alloy rod, bar, and bar shapes (except castings,forgings, and fabricated metal products) ............................... X................... 24 676 X 16 000

33142131 Copper and copper~base alloy plate, sheet, and strip, including military cupsand discs .......................................................... X................... 1 014 X 13 448

33142117 All other copper and copper~base alloy shapes and forms (except castings,forgings, and fabricated metal products) ............................... X................... 17 900 X 12 193

33131600 Aluminum and aluminum~base alloy extruded shapes, including extrudedrod, bar, pipe, tube, etc. ............................................. X................... 9 993 X 5 766

33100059 All other aluminum and aluminum~base alloy shapes and forms (wire, rolledrod and bar, powder, welded tubing, etc.) .............................. X................... 54 785 X 29 175

33100083 Other nonferrous shapes and forms (except castings, forgings, andfabricated metal products) ........................................... X................... 100 265 X 66 404

32221001 Paperboard containers, boxes, and corrugated paperboard ............... X................... 33 327 X 21 54633510000 Special dies, tools, die sets, jigs, and fixtures, except cutting tools for

machine tools ...................................................... X................... 172 435 X 112 92400970099 All other materials and components, parts, containers, and supplies ........ X................... 228 793 X 239 18100971000 Materials, ingredients, containers, and supplies, n.s.k. .................... X................... 486 460 X 181 136

# Additional information is available for this item; see Appendix F.

Note: For some establishments, data have been estimated from central unit values which are based on quantity~value relationships of reported data. The following symbols are used whenpercentage of each quantity figure estimated in this manner equals or exceeds 10 percent of published figure: p 10 to 19 percent estimated; q 20 to 29 percent estimated. If 30 percent or more isestimated, figure is replaced by S.


Appendix A.Explanation of Terms

BEGINNING- AND END-OF-YEAR INVENTORIES

Respondents were asked to report their beginning-of-year and end-of-year inventories at cost or market. Effec-tive with the 1982 Economic Census, this change to a uni-form instruction for reporting inventories was introducedfor all sector reports. Prior to 1982, respondents were per-mitted to value inventories using any generally acceptedaccounting method (FIFO, LIFO, market, to name a few).Beginning in 1982, LIFO users were asked to first reportinventory values prior to the LIFO adjustment and then toreport the LIFO reserve and the LIFO value after adjust-ment for the reserve.

Inventory Data by Stage of Fabrication

Total inventories and three detailed components (1) fin-ished goods, (2) work-in-process, and (3) materials, sup-plies, fuels, etc., were collected.

When using inventory data by stage of fabrication forall industries and at the three-digit subsector level, itshould be noted that an item treated as a finished productby an establishment in one industry may be reported as araw material by an establishment in a different industry.For example, the finished-product inventories of a steelmill would be reported as raw materials by a stampingplant. Such differences are present in the inventory figuresby stage of fabrication shown for all publication levels.

COST OF MATERIALS

This term refers to direct charges actually paid or pay-able for items consumed or put into production during theyear, including freight charges and other direct chargesincurred by the establishment in acquiring these materials.It includes the cost of materials or fuel consumed,whether purchased by the individual establishment fromother companies, transferred to it from other establish-ments of the same company, or withdrawn from inventoryduring the year.

Included in this item are:

1. Cost of parts, components, containers, etc.Includesall raw materials, semifinished goods, parts, contain-ers, scrap, and supplies put into production or used asoperating supplies and for repair and maintenanceduring the year.

2. Cost of products bought and sold in the same condi-tion.

3. Cost of fuels consumed for heat and powerIncludesthe cost of materials or fuel consumed, whether pur-chased by the individual establishment from othercompanies, transferred to it from other establishmentsof the same company, or withdrawn from inventoryduring the year.

4. Cost of purchased electricityThe cost of purchasedelectric energy represents the amount actually usedduring the year for heat and power. In addition, infor-mation was collected on the quantity of electricenergy generated by the establishment and the quan-tity of electric energy sold or transferred to otherplants of the same company.

5. Cost of contract workThis term applies to workdone by others on materials furnished by the manu-facturing establishment. The actual cost of the mate-rial is to be reported on the cost of materials, parts,and containers line of this item. The term ContractWork refers to the fee a company pays to anothercompany to perform a service.

Specific Materials Consumed

In addition to the total cost of materials, which everyestablishment was required to report, information alsowas collected for most manufacturing industries on theconsumption of major materials used in manufacturing.The inquiries were restricted to those materials whichwere important parts of the cost of production in a par-ticular industry and for which cost information was avail-able from manufacturers records. If less than $25,000 ofa listed material was consumed by an establishment, thecost data could be reported in the Cost of all other mate-rials..., Census material code 00970099. Also, the cost ofmaterials for small establishments for which administra-tive records or short forms were used was imputed intothe Materials not specified by kind, Census materialscode 00971000.

Duplication in Cost of Materials and Value ofShipment

The aggregate of the cost of materials and value ofshipments figures for industry groups and for all manufac-turing industries includes large amounts of duplicationsince the products of some industries are used as materi-als by others. This duplication results, in part, from theaddition of related industries representing successive

APPENDIX A A11997 ECONOMIC CENSUSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

stages in the production of a finished manufactured prod-uct. Examples are the addition of flour mills to bakeries inthe food group and the addition of pulp mills to papermills in the paper and allied products group of industries.Estimates of the overall extent of this duplication indicatethat the value of manufactured products exclusive of suchduplication (the value of finished manufactures) tends toapproximate two-thirds of the total value of productsreported in the survey.

Duplication of products within individual industries issignificant within a number of industry groups, e.g.,machinery and transportation industries. These industriesfrequently include complete machinery and their parts. Inthis case, the parts made for original equipment are mate-rials consumed for assembly plants in the same industry.

Even when no significant amount of duplication isinvolved, value of shipments figures are deficient as mea-sures of the relative economic importance of individualmanufacturing industries or geographic areas because ofthe wide variation in ratio of materials, labor, and otherprocessing costs of value of shipments, both amongindustries and within the same industry.

Before 1962, cost of materials and value of shipmentswere not published for some industries which includedconsiderable duplication. Since then, these data have beenpublished for all industries at the U.S. level and beginningin 1964, for all geographic levels.

COST OF PURCHASED SERVICES

Annual Survey of Manufactures (ASM) establishmentswere requested to provide information on the cost of pur-chased services for the repair of buildings and other struc-tures, the repair of machinery, communication services,legal services, accounting and bookkeeping services,advertising, software and other data processing services,and refuse removal. Each of these items reflects the costspaid directly by the establishment and excludes salariespaid to employees of the establishment for these services.

Included in the cost of purchased services for the repairof buildings and machinery are payments made for allmaintenance and repair work on buildings and equipment.Payments made to other establishments of the same com-pany and for repair and maintenance of any leased prop-erty also are included. Extensive repairs or reconstructionthat was capitalized is considered capital expendituresand is, therefore, excluded from this item. Repair andmaintenance costs provided by an owner as part of arental contract or incurred directly by an establishment inusing its own work force also are excluded.

Included in the cost of purchased advertising servicesare payments for printing, media coverage, and otheradvertising services and materials.

Included in the cost of purchased software and otherdata processing services are all purchases by the estab-lishment from other companies. Excluded are services pro-vided by other establishments of the same company (suchas by a separate data processing unit).

Included in the cost of purchased refuse removal ser-vices are all costs of refuse removal services paid by theestablishment, including costs for hazardous wasteremoval or treatment. Excluded are all costs included inrental payments or as capital expenditures.

Response Coverage Ratio

A response coverage ratio is a measure of the extent towhich respondents report for an item. The estimate ismade by calculating the ratio value of the weighted totalemployment data for all the ASM establishments thatreport the item to the weighted total employment data forall ASM establishments classified in an industry (reportersand non-reporters).

DEPRECIATION CHARGES FOR FIXED ASSETS

This item includes depreciation and amortizationcharged during the year against assets. Depreciationcharged against fixed assets acquired since the beginningof the year and against assets sold or retired during theyear are components of this category. Respondents wererequested to make certain that they did not report accu-mulated depreciation.

EMPLOYEES

This item includes all full-time and part-time employeeson the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishmentsduring any part of the pay period which included the 12thof the months specified on the report form. Included areall persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays, and paidvacations during these pay periods. Officers of corpora-tions are included as employees; proprietors and partnersof unincorporated firms are excluded. The all employeesnumber is the average number of production workers plusthe number of other employees in mid-March. The numberof production workers is the average for the payroll peri-ods including the 12th of March, May, August, and Novem-ber.

Production Workers

This item includes workers (up through the line-supervisor level) engaged in fabricating, processing,assembling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, pack-ing, warehousing, shipping (but not delivering), mainte-nance, repair, janitorial and guard services, product devel-opment, auxiliary production for plants own use (e.g.,power plant), recordkeeping, and other services closelyassociated with these production operations at the estab-lishment covered by the report. Employees above theworking-supervisor level are excluded from this item.

All Other Employees

This item covers nonproduction employees of themanufacturing establishment including those engaged infactory supervision above the line-supervisor level. It

A2 APPENDIX A 1997 ECONOMIC CENSUSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

includes sales (including driver-salespersons), sales deliv-ery (highway truck drivers and their helpers), advertising,credit, collection, installation and servicing of own prod-ucts, clerical and routine office functions, executive, pur-chasing, financing, legal, personnel (including cafeteria,medical, etc.), professional, and technical employees. Alsoincluded are employees on the payroll of the manufactur-ing establishment engaged in the construction of majoradditions or alterations utilized as a separate work force.

FRINGE BENEFITS

Fringe benefits are divided into legally required expen-ditures and payments for voluntary programs. The legallyrequired portion consists primarily of Federal old age andsurvivors insurance, unemployment compensation, andworkers compensation. Payments for voluntary programsinclude all programs not specifically required by legisla-tion whether they were employer initiated or the result ofcollective bargaining. They include the employer portionof such plans as insurance premiums, premiums forsupplemental accident and sickness insurance, pensionplans, supplemental unemployment compensation, wel-fare plans, stock purchase plans on which the employerpayment is not subject to withholding tax, and deferredprofit-sharing plans. They exclude such items as company-operated cafeterias, in-plant medical services, free parkinglots, discounts on employee purchases, and uniforms andwork clothing for employees.

GROSS BOOK VALUE OF DEPRECIABLE ASSETS ATBEGINNING OF YEAR (BOY) AND END OF YEAR (EOY)

Total value of depreciable assets is collected on all cen-sus forms. It shows the value of depreciable assets for thebeginning of year and end of year. The data encompass allfixed depreciable assets on the books of establishments.The values shown (book value) represent the actual costof assets at the time they were acquired, including allcosts incurred in making the assets usable (such as trans-portation and installation). Included are all buildings,structures, machinery, and equipment (production, office,and transportation equipment) for which depreciationreserves are maintained. Excluded are nondepreciablecapital assets including inventories and intangible assets,such as timber and mineral rights.

The definition of fixed depreciable assets is consistentwith the definition of capital expenditures. For example,expenditures include actual capital outlays during the yearrather than the final value of equipment put in place andbuildings completed during the year. Accordingly, thevalue of assets at the end of the year includes the value ofconstruction in progress.

In addition, respondents were requested to make cer-tain that assets at the beginning of the year plus capitalexpenditures, less retirements, equaled assets at the endof the year.

NUMBER OF ESTABLISHMENTS AND COMPANIES

A separate report was required for each manufacturingestablishment (plant) with one employee or more. Anestablishment is defined as a single physical locationwhere manufacturing is performed. A company, on theother hand, is defined as a business organization consist-ing of one establishment or more under common owner-ship or control.

If the company operated at different physical locations,even if the individual locations were producing the sameline of goods, a separate report was requested for eachlocation. If the company operated in two or more distinctlines of manufacturing at the same location, a separatereport was requested for each activity.

An establishment not in operation for any portion ofthe year was requested to return the report form with theproper notation in the Operational Status section of theform. In addition, the establishment was requested toreport data on any employees, capital expenditures, inven-tories, or shipments from inventories during the year.

PAYROLL

This item includes the gross earnings of all employeeson the payrolls of operating manufacturing establishmentspaid in the calendar year. Respondents were told theycould follow the definition of payrolls used for calculatingthe Federal withholding tax. It includes all forms of com-pensation, such as salaries, wages, commissions, dis-missal pay, bonuses, vacation and sick leave pay, andcompensation in kind, prior to such deductions as employ-ees social security contributions, withholding taxes,group insurance, union dues, and savings bonds. The totalincludes salaries of officers of corporations; it excludespayments to proprietors or partners of unincorporatedconcerns. Also excluded are payments to members ofArmed Forces and pensioners carried on the active pay-rolls of manufacturing establishments.

The census definition of payrolls is identical to that rec-ommended to all Federal statistical agencies by the Officeof Management and Budget. It should be noted that thisdefinition does not include employers social security con-tributions or other nonpayroll labor costs, such as employ-ees pension plans, group insurance premiums, and work-ers compensation.

The ASM provides estimates of employers total supple-mental labor costs (those required by Federal and statelaws and those incurred voluntarily or as part of collectivebargaining agreements).

PRODUCT CODES AND CLASSES OF PRODUCTS

NAICS United States industries are identified by a six-digit code, in contrast to the four-digit SIC code. Thelonger code accommodates the large number of sectorsand allows more flexibility in designing subsectors. Each

APPENDIX A A31997 ECONOMIC CENSUSU.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census

product or service is assigned a ten-digit code. The prod-uct coding structure represents an extension by the Cen-sus Bureau of the six-digit industry classifications of themanufacturing and mining sectors. The classification sys-tem operates so that the industrial coverage is progres-sively narrower with the successive addition of digits. Thisis illustrated as follows:

NAICS level NAICS code Description

Industry . . . . . . . . . . 33461 Manufacturing and reproductionof magnetic and optical media

U.S. industry. . . . . . 334612 Reproduction of softwareProduct class . . . . . 3346120 Prerecorded compact disc (except

software), tape, and record repro-ducing

BLS link code . . . . . 3346120XProduct code . . . . . 3346120XXX

As in previous censuses, data were collected for mostindustries on the quantity and value of individual productsshipped. In the 1997 census program, information wascollected on the output of almost 10,000 individual prod-uct items.

In the new system, there are about 1,500 productclasses (seven-digit codes), about 6,000 census products(ten-digit codes), and an additional 3,700 CIR products(ten-digit codes). The ten-digit products are considered theprimary products of the industry with the same first sixdigits.

The list of products for which separate information wascollected was prepared after consultation with industryand government representatives. Comparability with pre-vious figures was given considerable weight in the selec-tion of product categories so that comparable 1992 infor-mation is presented for most products.

Typically, both quantity and value of shipments infor-mation were collected. However, if quantity was not sig-nificant or could not be reported by manufacturers, onlyvalue of shipments was collected.

Shipments include both commercial shipments andtransfers of products to other plants of the same com-pany. For industries in which a considerable portion of thetotal shipments is transferred to other plants of the samecompany, separate information on interplant transfers alsowas collected. Moreover, for products that are used to alarge degree within the same establishment as materialsor components in the fabricati

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