Body Wall and Cavity

• Abdominal Surface and underyling bones• Muscular Wall and Hernias• Peritoneum and Mesenteries•Thorax Surface•Ribs and Intercostal Muscles•Breast

Iliac crest

Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)

Pubic crest

Inguinal ligament

Costal margin

Xiphoid process

Bony Landmarks around Abdomen

Abdominal Wall from surface

Rectus abdominus

Linea alba

Iliac crest

Muscles of abdominal wall

Rectus abdominus--vertical midlineThree layers form tube External oblique

(“hands-in-pocket”) Internal oblique (fibers

perpendicular to external)

Transverse abdominus (wraps around)

Muscles of abdominal wall--details

Please see Fig. 11.11, M&M for accurate labeling.

Abdominal muscular wall pressurizes abdomen

When? Cough Sneeze Urinate Defecate Birth Lifting

For article on abdominal muscles, role of different layers and use of lifting belts:http://www.paulchekseminars.com/articles.cfm?select=16#top

Inguinal hernia results because pressure finds weak spot at inguinal canal

Mesenteries, peritoneum--what is retroperitoneal?(back to basic body plan)

[board drawing]

Peritoneal vs Retroperitoneal

Laproscopic kidney donation with retroperitoneal access

THORAX SURFACE ANATOMY

• Student who cheated in anatomy lab: counted own ribs

• Males and Females have same number of ribs (no, Eve wasn’t formed from one of Adam’s)

BONES

STERNUM manubrium xiphoid process

RIBS

INTERCOSTAL MUSCLES

Function in posture, respiration

“COSTAL” = ribs“intercostal” = between the ribs

The Breast

Location Superior border: 2nd rib Inferior border: 6th rib Medial border: Sternum Lateral border: Midaxillary line

Underlying muscle Pectoralis major and minor Part of serratus anterior, external

obliques

Mammary Glands (within breast)

Mammary Glands (within breast)

Lactiferous (modified sweat) Glands

Breast made of 15-25 lobes (each a compound alveolar gland)

Lobes made of lobules called acini, alveoli

Acini/Alveoli lined w/milk-secreting simple epithelial cells

Lactiferous Ducts of lobes open at nipple

Areola-ring of pigmented skin around nipple Sebaceous gland produce sebum during nursing

Lobes separated by adipose tissue and suspended by connective tissue = Suspensory Ligaments of the Breasts

Mammary Glands

Lactiferous (modified sweat) Glands

Breast made of 15-25 lobes (each a compound alveolar gland)

Lobes made of lobules called acini, alveoli

Acini/Alveoli lined w/milk-secreting simple epithelial cells

Lactiferous Ducts of lobes open at nipple

Areola-ring of pigmented skin around nipple Sebaceous gland produce sebum during nursing

Lobes separated by adipose tissue and suspended by connective tissue = Suspensory Ligaments of the Breasts