Organization of the Human Body

APL3

Body cavities

• Dorsal Cavity

– Cranial cavity—contains the brain

– Spinal cavity-contains the spinal cord

• Cavities filled with visceral organs

• Ventral cavity

– Thoracic cavity-contains the lung and the heart

– Abdominal cavity—contains the spleen, liver, stomach, small and large intestine.

– Pelvic cavity-contains the large intestine, the bladder.

Pleural cavity

• Cover the two lungs individually

• Complications?

Pericardial cavity

• Outer covering of the heart

• Similar complications as with the lungs

Characteristics of Life

• Movement

• Responsiveness

• Growth

• Reproduction

• Respiration

• Digestion

• Absorption

• Circulation

• Excretion

• Together these constitute metabolism: Vital signs

Medical Diagnostic Tests

Medical Diagnostic Tests

Tests that will help a healthcare practitioner identify a disease or disorder.

Half of all imaging is the X-ray.

Uses radiation.

Allows you to seebony and dense structures.

CT scan

Computed tomography

Refined X-ray

Eliminates exploratory surgery

MRIexcellent view of soft tissues (bones don't get in the way).

Risks: Metal and STRONG magnetic fields.

PET ScanPET--positron emission tomography

helps in observing metabolic processes.

Glucose labeled radioisotopes show up in color.

Shows brain activity.

Ultrasound--inexpensive, safe, uses high-frequency sound waves.

Not good for bone and air.

Integumentary System•the skin•Purpose: waterproofing (homeostasis), cushions, protects

•Name the specialist associated with this system.

Integumentary System•the skin•Purpose: waterproofing (homeostasis), cushions, protects

•Dermatologist would treat skin cancer-Melanoma.

Skeletal System—•bones •cartilages•ligaments•joints.

•Purpose: protects and supports body organs

Name the specialist associated with this system.

 

Skeletal System—•bones •cartilages•ligaments•joints.

•Purpose: protects and supports body organs

Orthopedist- treats broken bonesReplaces joints.

 

Muscular System•Deltoid•Biceps•Triceps•Purpose: movement, producesHeat.

•Evan Centopani, Trumbull CT

•Name the specialist associated •with this system.

Muscular System•Deltoid•Biceps•Triceps•Purpose: movement, producesHeat.

•Evan Centopani, Trumbull CT

•General Physician (GP)

Nervous System Brain and nerves Fast acting control center Controls muscles and glands

Name the specialist associated with this system.

Nervous System Brain and nerves Fast acting control center Controls muscles and glands

Neurologist—concussion,migraines, tumors,

Psychiatrist--amnesia

Endocrine system—secrete hormones to regulate processes such as metabolism, growth, nutrient regulation.

Hormone (very basic definition)—a chemicalreleased in one part of the body that affectscells in another part of the body.

Name the specialist associated with this system.

Endocrine system—secrete hormones to regulate processes such as metabolism, growth, nutrient regulation.

Hormone (very basic definition)—a chemicalreleased in one part of the body that affectscells in another part of the body.

Endocrinologist deals with thyroid disease, Cushings disease/syndrome, diabetes.

Cardiovascular system•Transports blood, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes.•The heart is a pump.

•Name the specialist associated with this system.

Cardiovascular system•Transports blood, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nutrients and wastes.•The heart is a pump.

Cardiologist--Hypertension, arrythmia

Lymphatic System•Picks up fluid leaked from bloodVessels and returns it to blood. •Houses WBC involved in immunity.

Name the specialist associated with this system.

Lymphatic System•Picks up fluid leaked from bloodVessels and returns it to blood. •Houses WBC involved in immunity.

Oncologist—cancer, lymphomaLeukemia.Hematologist—anemia, hemophilia

Respiratory sytem•Keeps blood supplied with oxygen.•Removes carbon dioxide.

Name the specialist associated with this system.

Respiratory sytem•Keeps blood supplied with oxygen.•Removes carbon dioxide.

Pulmonologist—asthma, pneumonia (infection in the lungs), lung cancer.

Digestive System•Breaks food down so body can absorb it.•Elimates indigestable foodstuff eliminated as feces.

Name the specialist associated with this system.

Digestive System•Breaks food down so body can absorb it.•Elimates indigestable foodstuff eliminated as feces.

Gastroenterologist diverticulitis, stomach ulcers, liver disease.

Urinary System•Eliminates nitrogenous wastesFrom the body.•Regulates water, electrolytesand acid-base balance.

Name the specialist associated with this system.

Urinary System•Eliminates nitrogenous wastesFrom the body.•Regulates water, electrolytesand acid-base balance.

Urologist—kidney stones, Prostate disease, etc.

Reproductive System•Testis producesperm•Ovaries produceeggs.•Both produce Sex hormones.

Name the specialists associated with these systems.

Reproductive System•Testis producesperm•Ovaries produceeggs.•Both produce Sex hormones.

Gynecologist and Obstetrician UrologistPap smear prostateUrinary tract infection (UTI) kidneyPregnancy

Podiatrist and Pediatrician