Biorefineries Existing initiatives in The Netherlands

Integrated Biorefinery Workshop / ETP Task Force, Ghent, 7 June 2007 1

Biorefineries

Existing initiatives in The Netherlands

René van Ree / Ruud Weusthuis


Content

1. Background- biomass-related policy goals and LT Vision

- role and general scheme biorefineries

2. Programmatic co-operation ECN-WUR “Bio2Value”

3. Dutch knowledge network on biorefineries“Biorefinery.nl”

4. Projects related towards Biorefineries with Dutch participation


1. Background1.1 Biomass use in The Netherlands [PJth, a.f.f.u.]

Maximally achievable in 20102

Estimation for 20051

120 (3-4% total)about 60 (=1.8% total)Total

23 (5.75%)< 2Biofuels for transport

1711.7CHP comb./gasification

54-6CHP – digestion

11.6Landfill gas

1811.5Domestic waste comb.

5629Direct/indirect cofiring

1Statusdocument Bioenergie 2005, SenterNovem, 161105; 2Ecofys DEN-project 2004


• 20% Renewable Energy in 2020 [EU]

• Biofuels for transport: 2% 2005, 5.75% 2010, 10% 2020 [EU] (25% 2030) [vision EU TPB]

Substitution of 30% of the fossil fuel use in the Dutch economy – both as fuel and raw material–

by biomass in 2030 [PGG]

Biomass has to be used in a variety of the market sectors of the Dutch economy !!!

1. Background1.2 Biomass-related Policy Goals and LT Vision


1. Background1.3 Biomass-related LT Vision

1018517 (SNG!)Heat

1420325Power

1114025 (R&D >)Chemicals, materials

2432460 (very opt.)Biofuels for transport

CO2-em.red. [MT/a]

[PJth, affu]FF substitution

[%]

Application


1. Background1.4 Role biorefineries

Current production costs of biomass-derived products are

generally too high to be market competitive without

governmental support

Biomass is expected to play a major role in greening the Dutch economy

Biomass-derived products will be applied in a variety of market sectors

Domestic biomass contractability covers less

than half of the future needs;the larger part of the biomass or biomass-based products

has to be imported (relatively high costs)

Development and deployment of high-efficiency Biorefineries unavoidable


1. Background– 1.5 General scheme biorefinery


2. Biorefinery-related activities within the Netherlands (and with Dutchparticipation)

• Networking and co-operation activities

• RTD activities


Networking and co-operation activities

Programmatic biorefinery-based co-operation

Upstream and (bio)chemical

expertise

Downstream and (thermo)chemical

expertise

Dutch Knowledge Network on Biorefinery

www.bio2value.nl

IEA BioenergyTask 42 on

Biorefineries

National and EU-funded

projects

www.biorefinery.nl


Dutch knowledge network on biorefineries“www.Biorefinery.nl”

A close co-operation of different stakeholders (industry, universities, institutes, NGOs, GOs) with a broad variety of disciplines working together in research,

development and demonstration of (innovative) biorefinery concepts for implementation in the Dutch economy and abroad

• Knowledge import and dissemination (www.biorefinery.nl, newsletters, national workshops, …)

• Definition of a national Biorefinery Visionwithin an European and global framework (first half of 2007)

• Develop a Technology Roadmap, incl. SRA and Technology Deployment Plan (second half of 2007)


IEA Bioenergy Task 42 on Biorefineries

Partners: Austria, Canada, Denmark, France, Germany, the Netherlands, EU

Observers: Finland, Sweden, Ireland

Task 31Sustainable

forestry

Task 40Sustainable international

biomass trade

Task 32Biomass cofiring

Task 33Thermal

gasification of biomass

Task 34Pyrolysis

of biomass

Task 29Socio-

economic drivers

Task 38Greenhouse

gas balances

Task 41System analysis

Task 42 Biorefineries

national RD&D

programmes

international RD&D

programmes

EU Technology Platforms

Task 30SRC

Task 39Liquid fuels

from biomass

Task 37Energy from

Biogas

Why a new Task?New integrated technologies

Complicated organisation

Co-operation between stakeholders different sectors necessary

Info: www.biorefinery.nl



1.1. Preparation of a Preparation of a common definitioncommon definitionon Biorefineries, incl. a clear and on Biorefineries, incl. a clear and widely accepted widely accepted classification systemclassification system

2.2. Get a better insight in the current processing potential of exiGet a better insight in the current processing potential of existing sting biorefineries in participating countriesbiorefineries in participating countries

3.3. Assessment of biorefinery (related) RD&DAssessment of biorefinery (related) RD&D--programmesprogrammesin participating in participating countries to help national governments to define their own countries to help national governments to define their own biorefinery policy goals and related RD&Dbiorefinery policy goals and related RD&D--programmesprogrammes

4.4. Prove the advantages of biorefinery concepts over more conventiProve the advantages of biorefinery concepts over more conventional onal single product processes by assessment and comparison of their single product processes by assessment and comparison of their financialfinancial--economic and ecological chain aspects economic and ecological chain aspects

Activities 2007 - 2009



6.6. Provide a stakeholder platform to discuss biorefinery topics, tProvide a stakeholder platform to discuss biorefinery topics, to foster o foster necessary RD&Dnecessary RD&D--trajectories, and to accelerate the deployment of trajectories, and to accelerate the deployment of technologies developedtechnologies developed

7.7. Identification of the most promising addedIdentification of the most promising added--value chemicals to be covalue chemicals to be co--produced with secondary energy carriers to optimise overall procproduced with secondary energy carriers to optimise overall process ess economics and minimise overall environmental impacteconomics and minimise overall environmental impact

8.8. CoCo--operation with ongoing national and international activities andoperation with ongoing national and international activities andprogrammes, i.e. other IEA Tasks and EUTPsprogrammes, i.e. other IEA Tasks and EUTPs

9.9. Dissemination of knowledge, including teaching aspects, to makeDissemination of knowledge, including teaching aspects, to makestudents familiar with the integral concept thinking of biorefinstudents familiar with the integral concept thinking of biorefineries eries

Activities 2007 - 2009



Definition (concept for approval)

Biorefinery is the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products



Definition (concept for approval)

Biorefinery is the sustainable processing of biomass into a spectrum of marketable products

Biorefinery: concepts, facilities, plants, processes, cluster of industries

Sustainable: maximising economics and minimising negative environmental aspects; fossil fuel replacement

Processing: upstream processing, transformation, fractionation, thermochemical conversion, (bio)chemical conversion, extraction, separation, downstream processing

Biomass: crops, agroresidues, forest residues, organic residues, aquatic (marine) biomass

Spectrum: more than one

Marketable products: both intermediate and final products; i.e. food, feed, chemicals, materials, fuels, power, heat


RTD activitiesA variety of national RTD projects within the fields of:

- Biomass decomposition/hydrolysis -> C5, C6, lignin - Advanced fermentation (ethanol, butanol, …) - Primary refinery: grass, sugar beet leaves, oil crops, …- Thermo-chemical biorefinery: staged degasifcation, advanced pyrolysis, HTU, syngas platform - Marine biorefinery (algae, seeweeds) - C5 to chemicals, lignin to chemicals - (Co-) Production of functionalised (O/N containing) chemicals - Upgrading of DDGS, digestate, glycerol, …- Development of separation technologies - Development of catalytic upgrading processes - Full TEE chain assessments, incl. LCA …


EU IP BIOSYNERGY (1)BIOmass for the market competitive and environmentally

friendly SYNthesis of bioproducts – chemicals and/or materials – together with the production of secondary

enERGY carriers – transportation fuels, power and/or CHP –through the biorefinery approach

(Bio)chemical and thermo-chemical pathways are combined. Process development from lab-scale to demonstration at pilot-scale.

Partners: ECN (NL), Greencell (ES), Cepsa (ES), DOW (NL), VTT (FIN), Aston (UK), WUR-A&F (NL), ARD (F), IFP (F), CRES (GR), BTG (NL), JR (AT), Bioref (D), GIG (P), JRC (B), Chimar (GR), TUD (NL)

Duration: 2006 – 2010 (four years), Budget: 13 M€ (grant: 7 M€)


EU IP BIOSYNERGY (2)

Advanced cellulosic bioethanol production plant: straw -> 5 Ml/a cellulosic ethanol

Existing conventional bioethanol production plant of Greencell in Salamanca (ES): cereals -> 295 Ml/a bioethanol, DDGS, CHP

Base-case

BIOSYNERGY Maximising the overall plant economics by the co-production of chemicals with

cellulosic ethanol

Lab-scale development and pilot-scale demonstration advanced physical/chemical fractionation, thermo-chemical conversion, biochemical and

chemical conversion and synthesis technologies. Integral chain ass./optimisation

Conceptual design integrated Biorefinery facility for Greencell


EU SSP BIOPOL

Assessment of BIO refinery concepts and the implications for agricultural and forestry

POLicy

Partners: WUR-A&F (NL), Biopos e.V. (D), Imperial College (UK), Lund University (S), EC-BREC (PL), ECN (NL), University Weihenstephan (D), Technical University of Athens (GR)

Duration: 2007 – 2008 (two years)

Budget: about € 700,000 (grant: about: € 550,000)


EU IP Ecobinders (2005-2008)ECOBINDERS aims to develop new sustainable processes

and products using furan and/or lignin based binders for high added-value, environmentally friendly products and

services in SME intensive industries. These binders will be used in conjunction with natural fibres and are inherently non-toxic, environmentally friendly, emission-free and

water-resistant. Furthermore, a reduction of CO2 emission will be established. Further information is available at

www.ecobinders.net


Jatropha curcas utilization (Dutch/Indonesia KNAW project 2006-2009)

The proposed program aims to research the potential exploitation and valorisation of the full tree by application of the biorefinery concept. Including:

• Economic and socio-economic analysis, and, definition of the optimum cultivation and production configurations,

• Optimisation of the oil extraction process and process/product development to obtain consistent and high quality fuel oils,

• Research and development of new technology to derive a new type of bio-diesel without the need to convert the PPO into bio-diesel (i.e. without conversion to ethanol or methanol esters),

• Chemical modification of PPO into new bulk and specialty chemicals, • Exploration of the plant constituents to develop new pharmaceutical products, • Oil extraction and detoxification by the use of a fungus, • Microbial treatment of the seed residue (primarily proteins) for energy and feed

production, • Non-food valorisation of bio-refinery waste streams. • The development of efficient direct somatic embryogenesis of the Jatropha curcas

plant


Sumitted for FP7

• CSA BIOREF-INTEG: integration of biorefineries into existing industrial infrastructures

• MC ITN on Biorefineries (a.o. 20 PHDs)

• BIOLATIN: biofuels in Latin America

• Green Biorefinery (ERANET)

• …… on natural rubber substitute


Thank you for your attention !!!

Information

www.Biorefinery.nl

www.Bio2Value.nl

www.Biosynergy.eu

www.ecn.nl

www.biobasedproducts.nl


Thermo-chemical biorefinery concept of ECN

Gasification

CO2 removal Tar removal ”OLGA” unit

Combined Cycle

H2O

CO2 Syngas

Transportation fuels • Fischer-Tropsch diesel • MeOH • Hydrogen

Electricity & Heat

Torrefaction

Chemicals • acids • solvents

Chemical industry, sequestering, oil industry (EOR), greenhouses CO2

Aqueous scrubber

Fertiliser (NH4)2SO4

Impregnating reagent heavy tars

Solvents • benzene • toluene • xylenes

Fine chemicals light tars

Product Gas • H2 • CO • CO2 • H2O • CH4 • C2H2 & C2H4 • BTX • light tars • heavy tars • NH3

Cryogenic distillation

Base chemicals • acetylene (C 2H2) • ethylene (C 2H4)

Gaseous fuel CH4 / SNG

Fertiliser minerals (ash)


The staged catalytic biomass conversion process scheme

2 28-10-2005

Staged (catalytic) biomass degasification

Torrefaction area

180-290°C

Catalyst?

Pyrolysis area

290-600°C

Catalyst?

Gasification area

> 600°C

Catalyst?

Crude Crude Crude

Product separation and upgrading

Biomass

Base / Platform chemicals

Fuels Power Heat

Integrated Biorefinery Workshop / ETP Task Force, Ghent, 7 June 2007 27Sanders, 2004

Compositionof Grass


Pilot biorefinery line Foxhol (Groningen) (Prograss Consortium)

Green grass proteincompound feed

white grass proteinGrass protein (products)

+ .....

compound feed

Grass juice concentrate

Ethanol

Potting soil

Construction material+ paper

Polymer extrusion products

FibersGrass juice Fibers

Protein

Biorefineries Existing initiatives in The Netherlands

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