Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates...

50
Biological Biological Molecules Molecules Revised 8/30/2006 Revised 8/30/2006

TAGS:

Transcript of Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates...

Page 1: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Biological Biological MoleculesMolecules

Revised 8/30/2006Revised 8/30/2006

Page 2: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Compounds of LifeCompounds of LifeFour Groups Four Groups

CarbohydratesCarbohydratesLipidsLipidsNucleic AcidsNucleic AcidsProteinsProteins

Page 3: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Compounds of LifeCompounds of LifeSugarsSugarsFatty AcidsFatty AcidsNucleotidesNucleotidesAmino AcidsAmino Acids

CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

Lipids/membranesLipids/membranes

Nucleic AcidsNucleic Acids

ProteinsProteins

Page 4: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

CarbohydratesCarbohydratesSugars store energy in chemical Sugars store energy in chemical

bondsbondsOrganisms break bonds to Organisms break bonds to

release energyrelease energyContain C,H and O.Contain C,H and O.Ratio 1:2:1.Ratio 1:2:1.

Page 5: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

MonosaccharidesMonosaccharides

Glucose – PlantsGlucose – PlantsGalactose - MilkGalactose - MilkFructose - FruitsFructose - Fruits

Page 6: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.
Page 7: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.
Page 8: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

GalactoseGalactose

Page 9: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Glucose RingGlucose Ring

Page 10: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

GalactoseGalactose

Page 11: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

RiboseRibose Sugar of RNASugar of RNA

D because the CH2OH Group is outside the ring

Page 12: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

DeoxyriboseDeoxyribose Sugar of DNASugar of DNA

Page 13: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Carbon to carbon single bondMonomers have a double bondThe bond breaks and chain is formed

Page 14: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Polymer Examples

Polyethylene plastic bottles, bags and toys Polypropylene indoor-outdoor carpeting,

molded parts (not heart valves) Polyvinyl chloride vinyl fences, PVC pipes etc. Teflon cooking utensil coating, artificial joints

and electrical insulation Polystyrene toys, Styrofoam and simulated

wood furniture HOW bout’ that????

Page 15: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.
Page 16: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.
Page 17: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.
Page 18: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

SucroseSucrose

Page 19: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

LactoseLactose

Page 20: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

MaltoseMaltose

Two D-glucose units

Page 21: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.
Page 22: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.
Page 23: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.
Page 24: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.
Page 25: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.
Page 26: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.
Page 27: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

LipidsLipids Glycerol + 3 Fatty AcidsGlycerol + 3 Fatty Acids

Page 28: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.
Page 29: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Saturated FatsSaturated Fats

Single Bonds on Fatty Acid chainSingle Bonds on Fatty Acid chain

palmitic acid

Page 30: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

No double bonds present Carbon chain up to 24 in length Dietary effect is increase in blood

cholesterol level

Page 31: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Monosaturated FatsMonosaturated Fats

One Double Bond on Fatty Acid ChainOne Double Bond on Fatty Acid Chain

Oleic Acid

Page 32: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Contain up to 24 carbon atoms One double is present in the carbon chain Dietary effect is little change in blood

cholesterol level

Page 33: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Polyunsaturated FatsPolyunsaturated Fats

Many Double Bonds on Fatty Acid ChainMany Double Bonds on Fatty Acid Chain

Linoleic Acid

Page 34: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Carbon chain length up to 24 2 or more double bonds present Dietary effect is decrease in blood

cholesterol level

Page 35: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Hydrophobic

Hydrophilic

PhospholipidsPhospholipids

polar (water loving)

two non-polar (water fearing)

Page 36: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Phospholipid BilayerPhospholipid Bilayer

Aligned tail to tail.Hydrophobic region within membrane.Hydrophilic heads on the inner and outer

surfaces of the membrane.

Page 37: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

DNA DNA Deoxyribonucleic acidDeoxyribonucleic acid

Genetic Code

Page 38: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

3-D3-D StructureStructure

Page 39: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

NucleotideNucleotide Deoxyribose (sugar)Deoxyribose (sugar) Phosphoric AcidPhosphoric Acid Nitrogen basesNitrogen bases

AdenineAdenine ThymineThymine GuanineGuanine CytosineCytosine

Page 40: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

07_03_RNA _v_DNA.jpg07_03_RNA _v_DNA.jpg

Page 41: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Size and Size and Shape Shape

Comparison Comparison of of

ProteinsProteins

Page 42: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

20 20 Amino Amino AcidsAcids

Page 43: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Amino AcidsAmino Acids

Page 44: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Amino AcidsAmino Acids

HydrophobicHydrophilic

Page 45: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Negative ChargeNegative Charge

Page 46: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Positive ChargePositive Charge

Page 47: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Uncharged PolarUncharged Polar

Page 48: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

NonpolarNonpolar

Page 49: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Peptide BondsPeptide Bonds

Proteins are formed by peptide bondsProteins are formed by peptide bonds Remove waterRemove water Called dehydrationCalled dehydration

Page 50: Biological Molecules Revised 8/30/2006. Compounds of Life Four Groups Carbohydrates Carbohydrates Lipids Lipids Nucleic Acids Nucleic Acids Proteins.

Peptide BondsPeptide Bonds


Bio-organic molecules 1. carbohydrates 2. proteins 3. lipids 4. nucleic acids.

Bio-organic molecules 1. carbohydrates 2. proteins 3. lipids 4. nucleic acids.

Macromolecules ( Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids )

Macromolecules ( Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins and Nucleic Acids )

Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids · Learning Objectives • Bio.9A Compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids,

Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids · Learning Objectives • Bio.9A Compare the structures and functions of different types of biomolecules, including carbohydrates, lipids,

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids macromolecules.

Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids macromolecules.

Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acidswsapbiology.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/1/4/38142749/ch_3_the_chemical... · •Proteins •Lipids •Nucleic Acids. ... •Amino Group N to

Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acidswsapbiology.weebly.com/uploads/3/8/1/4/38142749/ch_3_the_chemical... · •Proteins •Lipids •Nucleic Acids. ... •Amino Group N to

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acids

Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids and Nucleic Acids

Biological macromolecules carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Biological macromolecules carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

MACROMOLECULES Carbohydrates - Lipids Proteins - Nucleic Acids.

MACROMOLECULES Carbohydrates - Lipids Proteins - Nucleic Acids.

The Macromolecules of Cells: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acid

The Macromolecules of Cells: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acid

Biochemistry: Monomers and Polymers Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Biochemistry: Monomers and Polymers Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Major food groups Carbohydrates = sugars = saccharides Lipids = fats Proteins nucleic acids Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids (but not fats)

Major food groups Carbohydrates = sugars = saccharides Lipids = fats Proteins nucleic acids Carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids (but not fats)

Carbohydrates & Lipids - Weeblywestsidescience.weebly.com/uploads/4/0/0/8/40082621/macromole… · carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The prefix macro- means large,

Carbohydrates & Lipids - Weeblywestsidescience.weebly.com/uploads/4/0/0/8/40082621/macromole… · carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. The prefix macro- means large,

Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids.

Nucleic acids Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic acids.

Types: carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, and nucleic acids

Types: carbohydrates, lipids (fats), proteins, and nucleic acids

Carbs, Lipids, & Nucleic Acids Chapter 5. Carbohydrates.

Carbs, Lipids, & Nucleic Acids Chapter 5. Carbohydrates.

Biomolecules Carbohydrates Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic acids.

Biomolecules Carbohydrates Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates (saccharides) Organic biomolecules: 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic acids.

Carbohydrates (saccharides) Organic biomolecules: 1.Carbohydrates 2.Lipids 3.Proteins 4.Nucleic acids.

2-1 The Macromolecules of Cells: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acid.

2-1 The Macromolecules of Cells: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acid.

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids Macromolecules.

Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids Macromolecules.

Carbohydrates (sugars) Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids.

Carbohydrates (sugars) Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids.