Biodiesel Nigeriaenergy 200808

8/3/2019 Biodiesel Nigeriaenergy 200808

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Introducing Jatropha based Biodiesel into Nigeria rural villages

Rationale: In Nigeria an estimated 98 percent of households lack access toquality cooking and lighting fuel. This situation compels families to dependwholly on inferior and health-damaging fuel wood and kerosene fuels, which

results in high levels of indoor air pollution. The people of Nigeria, in particularthe rural area, desperate for energy. However, Jatropha Curcas, the mostpromising biodiesel oil feedstock that grows well in semi-tropical conditions,on poor soils and requires little care present almost everywhere in Nigeria andit is perceived as a weed.

Objective: The aim of this project is to integrate Jatropha Curcas1 into therural economy of Nigeria by introducing village-scale biodiesel and promotingthe use of Jatropha cooking stoves and lamps (as a means to reduce indoorair pollution and GHG, save costs, and protect the forests).

The focus of the project is to provide Kebbi state (Nigeria) rural communitywith Jatropha cooking stoves and lamps, with the potential to adapt thisinitiative to other parts of Nigeria. As a show case the project will also focus inusing the biodiesel as a suitable diesel substitute for use in stationary enginessuch as irrigation pumps, mills, and generators.The specific objectives of the project will be to;

1. Introduce renewable energy system into rural villages for cooking andlighting

2. Develop a pilot project which demonstrates the feasibility andcommercial viability of adapted technologies based on Jatropha.

a. Establish show cases of diesel substitute by biodiesel for use instationary engines such as irrigation pumps, mills, andgenerators.

b. Establish village-scale biodiesel, which is affordable andtechnically easy to operate.

3. Encourage production of Jatropha plant, for oil production, protectivehedges, combating desertification and soil erosion.

4. Decrease Indoor-air pollution, which is responsible for 2.7% of theglobal burden of disease.

5. Create better and alternative incomes and jobs for local farmers

The oil from the collected Jatropha seeds will be extracted using the factorythat will be established near Brinin, the regional capital of Kebbi state. Kebbistate is located in north-western of Nigeriahttp://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/kebbiadv.asp?blurb=299

The project partners are:1. Bestspice GmbH project lead partnerIt currently involves in Jatropha plantation in Kebbi state with 10.000hactare. Its program objectives is to align peoples needs with investorsrationale. It focuses on development investments, i.e. needs investmentsthat provide economic and social benefits.

1Jatropha Curcas is a perennial shrub that grows well in semi-tropical conditions, on

poor soils and requires . little care
http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/kebbiadv.asp?blurb=299http://www.onlinenigeria.com/links/kebbiadv.asp?blurb=299


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2. NEJAB: is a not for profit organization, which is working actively inNigeria. NEJAB works mainly in promoting bioenergy for rural areas. Ithas involved particularly in promoting Jatropha plantation in Kebbistate.

3. Kebbi state local community: WWW & RRR rural villages will be

represented by their tribal chiefs TTT and ZZZ. These two tribal chiefshave shown their keen interest for the project idea. They have alsodiscussed the project idea with their respective communities byorganizing series of meetings.

Bestspice will be responsible for the technical maters such as assisting thelocal farmers in acquiring appropriate lanterns and stoves, managing thebiodiesel extraction and providing technical trainings to the local peolple.NEJAB will make awarness rainsing of the local farmers. The biodiesel will beowned and managed by the cooperative that will be established by the localfarmers (represented by their respective tribal chiefs),NEJAB and Bestspice.

Bestspice and NEJAB stay in the cooperative to show the relevance of theJatropa based energy system to the local farmers, aiding the farmerscooperative take it over and replicate it. Therefore, both these organizationswill decrease their share of the cooperative through time.

Technical Viability

The main technology that will be introduced is a village-scale biodiesel with4.000 t/year capacity. The total duration of the project is 18 months, while thebiodiesel will be established within six months. The diesel will be establishedtogether with tanks and fuel station facilities. The extracted Jatropha oil will bemainly used for cooking stoves and lighting lamps as a substitute for keroseneand as a suitable diesel substitute for use in stationary engines such asirrigation pumps, mills, and generators.

The Bestspices company personals will manage the installation and the dailyoperation of the biodiesel. They will also provide the technical knowledgerequired to make some minor amendments on the stationary engines for the

replacement of diesel by Jatropha oil. However, on job-training will be given tothe local people on the above technical necessities. The trainees will beselected by the tribal chiefs and the training will be given free of charge.

The project team comprises:1. Mr. Helmut Pirk: CEO of Bestspices and Enginees specialist2. Dr. Birhanu Assefa: Proceess enginer and Bioenergy specialist3. Dr. AlHaji Dioha: Organi chemist and former vice president of Nigeria

Energy commission4. Mr. Kalgo Sani: an economist and former Minister of Agriculture for

Kebbi state

The project will expand this plantation in the desert areas where food crops


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can not grow. In addition, the Jatropha seeds will also be collected from thenon-dedicated plantations ( Jatropha plant grown as food crop protectors orperceived as weeds) through educating of the local farmers.To initiate the project ( for one year) the 75 percent of the raw material for theextraction factory will be supplied from the companys own plantations. At the

moment Bestspices GmbH has 39 months old Jatropha in 10.000 hectare ina dedicated plantations. The rest amount of feedstock (25 percent) will bebought from the members of an out grower scheme (either from intercroppingfield or dedicated cultivation) comprising many smallholder farmers. In Kebbistate rural areas Jatropha plant grown as protective hedges around fields,where they protect food crops against predators, or as weeds. Once thefarmers are aware of the value and benefit of the Jatropha plant they canprovide the necessary amount of the feedstock for the biodiesel right fromtheir backyards.

Economic Feasibility

In Nigeria there is lack of information about the value and benefit of biodieselamongst the farmers. Due to this fact, the farmers might not be willing enougheasily to substitute their kerosene by biodiesel for cooking stoves and lightinglamps. To decrease this problem, intense awareness raising will be done bytribal chiefs and NNN. There might be also lack of confidence from engineowners to replace their fossil-fuelled engines by biodiesel. A universal barrierto the deployment of bioenergy projects is here again the difficulty to accessfinancing, especially for small structures like SMEs to scale out the project tonation in general. Short-term micro-credit and the establishment of guaranteefunds for small enterprises should help developing this sector. This projectwill serve as a demonstration project for engines owners, SMEs and Financiallenders. The project will first show its technical functioning and economicalfeasibility by replacing the fossil-fuelled engines of Bestspices by biodiesel.Then, it will be an interesting mean to promulgate biodiesel technologies sinceit is always easier to find confidence in a technology that one can seefunctioning. Its practical showing on economical feasibility will also bringconfidences on the local financial lenders. Communication and exchangesbetween all different actors right from the beginning of the project will beenhanced to avoid information barriers and promote the learning case of the

project. To avoid engine modifications for those engine owners who dontshow their confidence the bio-diesel can also be blended with conventionaldiesel.

The by products of the bio-diesel processing plant, nitrogen-rich press cakeand glycerol, have good commercial value as fertiliser and as a base for soapand cosmetics respectively in Abuja market and will be sold out based onsome agreements. Bestspices will arrange the market for the by productsusing its wide business network.

Cash needs: 271.550 euro to be financed by:

- Bestspice and NNN 21.550 euro- support required from SEPS 250.000 euro


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- scale out activities for farmers investment is to be financed through micro-credit- The cooperative will be profitable by end of 2011- Minimum yield for good profitability = 4 tons of seeds per ha

Environmental benefit

Reduction of primary fossil fuels and resources: In indoor air pollutioncaused by cooking with wood, dung, coal and other solid fuels is a major riskfactor for pneumonia among children, and chronic respiratory disease amongadults of the Kebbi state. Many people from the state die from exposure tostove smoke inside their homes. A growing number of people in the state arealso using kerosene for cooking and lighting. The poor technical performance

of the stoves produces significant amount of Carbon-mono Oxide (CO) andthe cost of the kerosene has been rocketed. This project will introducecooking and operating stationary engines with Jatropha Curcas oil and willgreatly reduce smoke emissions and thereby help to save lives. It will alsoreducese GHG produced by the kerosene and traditional fuel (wood, dung,and coal).

Reduction of ecological side effects and water consumtion: The projectwill contribute towards the conservation of more than 5,000 ha from dedicatedplantiation and 5,000 ha mainly planted as hedges. The project alsoaddresses water consumption, deforestation, erosion and desertification. It isdue to the fact that Jatropha can tolerate high temperatures and grows verywell under low fertility and moisture conditions, the project dedicatedplantation is on marginal semi-arid and arid lands, and it also offers theopportunity of combining soil conservation with cash-crop production.Jatropha is now being increasingly used in reforestation programs in tropicalcountries because it thrives on poor soils and on land that is suffering undererosion. This project supports such kind of programmes.

Replicability and Marketability

The project will place its unique market position at the interface of socialentrepreneurs, social investors and development organizations. It will buy thefeedstock (Jatropha) from the local farmers and sell its product, biodiesel,back to the community. The community members are also the owners of thebiodiesel. This approach has been discussed with the tribal chiefs and theyhave also disseminated the idea to their respective communities.

The cost of Kerosene in Nigeria is on average 140 naira/litre (0.59 euro/litre)and the cost of diesel is 190 naira/litre (1.02 ero/litre) while biodiesel will cost

only 80 naira/litre (0.43 euro).In addition, the supply of kerosene and diesel inNigeria is quite irregular and volatile despite the fact that Nigeria is oil


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producing country. Nigeria exports much of its oil but its own people are indesperate need of energy. The Nigeria national energy policy on Article 2 No.9 declares the promotion of biodiesel as the most appropriate energy choicefor Nigeria rural areas. Based on this policy the government has establishedan organization called National Biodiesel of Nigeria which is working on the

promotion of biodiesel nation wide. This project will work together with thisorganization for replication of the project and dissemination of its result.

Social benefits

Notable community participation: The consortium of the project will includethe chiefs of the local community ( mainly chief .. and chief.) who are theultimate decision makers in their respective tribes. They will mobilize theircommunity to harvest Jatropha seeds from their hedges and use biodiesel forcooking and lighting. The biodiesel will be owned by the community(represented by the tribal chiefs) Bestspices and NNN However, bu the local

community will be the eventual owners of the project as Bestspices and NNNwill withdraw once a reliable community organizational set up is done. Initialdiscussions have been done with the community chiefs and they have showntheir keen interest to the idea of the project in series of meetings that have beheld on May 2008.

Capacity - Building Component: Community members will be trained on

cultivating and processing Jatropha curcas (value chain), substituting

Kerosene in stationary engies and operating the biodiesel. The traings will be

on - Job type and will be given by Bestspices.

Emphasis on Sustainable Livelihoods: The community will be able to sellthe Jatropha oil as an alternative to paraffin, charcoal and woodfuel.

Bestspice will arrange the market for the by products of Jatropha through its

business networks.

Gender Focus: Women will be the direct beneficiaries of this project as they

carry the burden of collecting firewood and other energy sources. A time

consuming activity leaving very little time for other important economic and

educational activities. Additionally the incomplete combustion of biomass in

rural households due to low quality cooking equipment lead to a high rate of

sicknesses related to indoor air pollution. Again the most vulnerable are

women and children.

Promoting Public Awareness of Global Environment The project is

targeting the reduction of green house gas emissions and will disseminate its

project results throughout Nigeria through the networks, conferences and

workshops of NNN and National Biodiesel.


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Implementation Strategy

The project will have three phases:

I. Jatropha plantationII. Biodiesel installationIII. Providing heat and lighting and substituting fulled-filled stationary

engines by biodiesel

Phase I. Jatropha plantationThe Jatropha plantations for this project will be done into forms. The first willbe expanding the existed dedicated Jatropha plantation into the desert andmarginal lands that are not earmarked for growing food crops. The secondform is to educate farmers at large about the value of Jatropha seeds so that

they can collect the seeds right from their backyards where they grow theJatropha plant for protecting the crops against predators and compacting soilerosion.

The awareness raising activities for the local farmers in Kibbi state about thevalue and benefit of planting Jatropha both as intercropping and dedicatedcultivation will be done by organizing field visiting for selected local farmersand representatives to the Jatropha plantation of Bestspice. In addition, aseries of discussions will be done with the tribal chiefs on identifyingdedicated farmers for special follow up.

Phase II. Establishing Village-scale Biodiesel

A village-scale biodiesel factory which has a capacity of 4.000t/year will beestablished with tanks, and fuel station facilities near Birnin, as un upwardlinkage to the Jatropha farming activities and beneficiaries of the extracted oil.

Phase III. Providing decentralized and localized Jatropha Energy System(JES)The extracted Jatropha oil will be mainly for the household utilization of the

local farmers. The oil can be used by the locals in two possible forms:

1. the Jatropha oil functions as a replacement for kerosene, which can beused in the household as a fuel for lanterns and cooking stoves. It willalso replace the use of wood for cooking. Jatropha oil can be used forlamps and cooking stoves with out any kind of technical modification onthe existed lamps and stoves. The awarness of the local people to usethe extracted oil for their household will be handled by NNNN

2. Jatropha oil makes for a suitable diesel substitute for use in wide rangeof stationary engines that are commonly used in rural Kebbi statesettings such as irrigation pumps, mills and generators. The enginesrequire only minor modifications which can be managed by any juniorengine technician. As a demonstration site the use of Jatropha oil for

stationary engine will be used first in Bestspices engines.


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Time Plan of the Project

Description of Items

1st year (2009) 2nd year

(2010)

1st

Q. 2nd

Q. 3rd

Q. 4th

Q. 1st

Q. 2nd

Q.

Awareness raising on thevalues and the benefits ofJatropha,

Establishing a cooperative

Additional plantations ofJatropha in dedicatedcultivation fields

Harvesting of the seeds

Establishing diesel factory foroil extraction

Jatropha oil extraction

Setting up stationary enginesand farmers households forJatropha oil

Project result dissemination

Project report and follow upstrategies

Estimated Budget

Category Description of Items Cost in euro

Jatropha seed production

Leasing the land and clearing (1.000 ha) 350

Organic fertilizer, planting, pruning andharvesting (1.000 ha)

900

Management of the agricultural field 300

Sub total (plant cultivation) 1.550

Establishing 4.000 t/year diesel factory foroil extraction

250.000

Extension programmes to farmers (onJatropha plant cultivation and utilization of 20.000


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the extracted oil)

Total 271.550

Biodiesel Nigeriaenergy 200808

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