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Canadian Biodiesel Standards and Activities APEC Biodiesel Workshop By: Mark Stumborg, P.Eng. Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Swift Current, Saskatchewan [email protected]

Transcript of 2. Canadian Biodiesel Standards and Activities APEC ... APEC... · Canadian Biodiesel Standards and...

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Canadian Biodiesel Standards and ActivitiesAPEC Biodiesel Workshop

By: Mark Stumborg, P.Eng.Agriculture and Agri-Food CanadaSwift Current, [email protected]

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My Home & Centre

My Home

Semiarid Prairie Agricultural Research Centre

(SPARC)

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Objectives

• Biodiesel Standards Activity

• Biodiesel Evaluation Activity

• Biodiesel Support R&D

Observations for APEC economies

Discuss biodiesel standards and thoughts for future biodiesel development in Canada.

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Biofuel Regulation – Renewable Fuel Standard

• Regulations for Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) by Environment Canada will require:– 5% renewable content based on the gasoline pool by

2010;

– 2% renewable content in diesel and heating oil by 2012, upon successful demonstration of renewable diesel fuel use under the range of Canadian conditions.

• Expected GHG emission reduction for RFS is ~4 MT per year including conventional ethanol and conventional methyl ester based biodiesel produced from tallow and canola oil.

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National Renewable Fuels Strategy

Impact on land and production (2012 requirement vs. 2006 & 2007 production)

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

2006 2007 2012 requirement

Mill

ion

hect

ares

Wheat

Grain corn

Canola

0.00

5.00

10.00

15.00

20.00

25.00

30.00

2006 2007 2012 requirement

Mill

ion

tonn

es Wheat

Grain corn

Canola

12% 14%

35.9

16.3

9.9

5.3

1.1 1.9

0.0

5.0

10.0

15.0

20.0

25.0

30.0

35.0

40.0

Total

land in

Cro

psM

ain b

iofue

l cro

ps

Whea

t

Canola

Corn

2012

Fue

l req

uirem

ent

Mill

ion

hect

ares

2012 requirement will equal 5% of total land in crops (2006)

Source: Statistics Canada

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Biodiesel Feedstock Availability

Recent estimates:– 100,000+ tonnes of recycled cooking oils.

– 500,000 tonnes of rendered oils from animal fats.

– Oilseed crushing capacity 2.3M tonnes of seed or 950,000 + tonnes of vegetable oil.

– 1.7 M tonnes of seed crushing capacity being added over the next 16 months.

– A total of 1.68 M tonnes of oil will be produced by the end of 2009.

At 10% of typically low grade materials available, 168,000 tonnes of oil available for biodiesel.

Total: 768,000 tonnes ~ 1110 ML of ester-based biodiesel.

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Feedstock Hierarchy

Conventional Grain & Oilseeds

Crop and Forestry Residues

Modified Plants

Purpose Grown Perennial Materials

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Plant Locations

CRFA Web Site: www.greenfuels.org

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Canadian Standards Approach

• Refiner / Marketer insistence on final fuel blend standard.

• Establishment of B100 specification for the biodiesel portion of the blended biodiesel fuel.– EN 14214

– ASTM 6751

• Establishment of blend levels allowed within the vehicle fleet targeted for the blended biodiesel.

• Development of a blended fuel standard.– ASTM D975

– CAN/CGSB-3.520-2005 (including Appendix A and B)

• Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS) requires establishment of an accepted CGSB standard for the biofuel offered at retail.

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Canadian Standard Progress

• Standard was published in Spring, 2005 as CAN/CGSB 3.520.

• CAN/CGSB-3.520 (including Appendices A and B) for B1 - B5 covers all blended fuels from 1.0% to 5.0% of biodiesel addition. Less than 1% is covered in existing diesel standard as an additive.

• Canadian standard uses existing low sulphur and ultra-low sulphur diesel specifications.

• Major issues addressed by the standard are:– Cloud / pour point

– Lubricity of biodiesel in ultra-low sulphur diesel (ULSD)

– Oxidative stability

• Heating oil standard will be based on the Automotive fuel standard.

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Canadian Standards Development

• Work to progress on B6 – B20.– Likely targeted to fleets and off-road applications.

– New ASTM acceptance of B6 – B20 will greatly assist this effort.

– Cold weather operability will likely be the key problem area for Canada.

• Anticipate resistance to B6 – B20 due to:– ‘Small market’ argument by Refiners.

– Price issues.

– Access to adequate feedstock.

• Latest ASTM B100 and D975 changes:– Improves the likelihood of acceptance of biodiesel by refiners and

marketers.

– Addresses standards for oxidative stability and cold weather operability.

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Tripartite Observations Differences in Standards

• Differences in Composition and Blend– Fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE)

– Used as both a stand-alone diesel fuel or a blending component in conventional hydrocarbon based diesel fuel

• Source Differences– Some specifications are feedstock neutral, but others based on local

feedstocks

– Canadian standard required to meet soy, canola, and tallow feedstock requirements.

• Regional Differences in End Use– Fleet differences – light (EU) versus heavy (NA) vehicles

– Heating versus engine use.

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Highway Fleet Evaluation

Climate Change Central (Alberta) Project

• Objective:– Demonstration of blending and distribution within Canada.

– Demonstration of cold weather operability of biodiesel within Class 8 highway fleet (25 RME, 30 HDRD, and 20 ULSD).

– B2 used in winter, B5 from spring though to fall.

– B5 is 75% Canola and 25% tallow ME.

• Dates: June 1, 2007 to August 31, 2008

• Interim Report is currently under review.

• Off-road demonstration project is currently under discussion.

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Test Locations

• Cardlocks were established in Edmonton, Lloydminister, and Calgary.

• Yard tank was established in Edmonton.

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Blending System

Filter BankTwin Storage Tanks

Heated Biodiesel Off-loading Rack

Dual-track Pulse Blending System

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Fuel Characteristics of CCC Study

844.5-30.8Mar 10

834.3-30.4Mar 06

839.2-30.3Feb 26

839.2-33.5Feb 12

833.2-38.3Jan 22

Density

(kg m-3)

Cloud Point

(oC)

842.2-31.3Mar 12

833.1-34.0Mar 04

840.3-31.8Feb 25

837.3-36.5Feb 13

828.1-37.9Jan 22

Density

(kg m-3)

Cloud Point

(oC)

Table 1: Methyl Ester Table 2: HDRD

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Interim Observations

• No blending issues were reported.

• No operational issues with the truck fleet were reported.

• No maintenance issues with the truck fleet have been reported.

• Final report due in December 2008.

403,278245,572Total

145,132RoseneauYard

226,161Edmonton Cardlock

100,450Calgary Cardlock

177,117Lloydminister

B2 HDRD

B2 METotal Litres of Fuel Supplied

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Agricultural Bioproduct Innovation Program (ABIP)

[email protected](306)966-4120

Dr. Scott WrightUniversity of Saskatchewan

Feed Opportunities from the Biofuel Industries

[email protected](403) 782-8134

Dr. K. Neil Harker

Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada

Sustainable Cropping System Platforms for Biodiesel

[email protected](306) 956-7265

Dr. Alister MuirAAFCGeneration BioProducts for Health and Wellness (NGBHW)

[email protected] 235-3507

Dr. Peter Zahradka

CCARM Research Centre University of Manitoba

Therapeutic Efficacy of Agriculturally-derived Materials (TEAM)

[email protected](204) 487-2318

Ms Kelley Fitzpatrick

Flax Canada 2015 IncCanadian Health and Efficiency Functional Feed Network (CHEFF)

[email protected](604) 224-5700

Mr. Jack Grushcow

Linnaeus Plant Sciences Inc.

Industrial Oil Seed Network (IOSN)

[email protected](519) 661-2128

Dr Franco BerrutiThe University of Western Ontario

Agricultural Biorefinery Innovation Network for Green Fuels & Chemicals

Email / CourrielPhone / Numérodetéléphone

Contact / Personne-ressource

Organization / Organisme

Network Title / Titre du réseau

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Mobile Pyrolysis Systems

• Takes the conversion plant to the biomass source.

• Drying of biomass can be integrated into process.

• Generates a medium viscosity bio-oil fuel that is approx ½heating value of fuel oil.

• Bio-oil has double the energy of forest residue and is easier to transport.

• Reduces risks of uncertainty of biomass supply and stranded assets.

• Increases biomass supply through use of multiple feedstocks.

• Leave char in the woods / fields for carbon sequestration.

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Traditional Pyrolysis and Gasification Approach

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Why Mobile Pyrolysis ?

Plant to Central Facility

65,000 L

1300 GJ ENERGY PER TANKER LOAD

Compared to:

300 GJ ENERGY PER TRUCK LOAD

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ABRI Pyrolysis Model For Ontario

Remote BioRefinery+ Processing+ Production

+ Site Refining

Regional Service Hubs+ Transportation & Distribution+ Bio-liquid Storage & Refining

+ Bio-liquid � Gasify � Ethanol

Export Centers+ Transportation & Distribution

+ Training & Development+ Marketing & Sales

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Policy Initiatives for BTL Fuels

• EcoEnergy for Biofuels Incentive– supports production of renewable alternatives to gasoline and diesel.

– $1.5 billion over 9 years

– up to 20¢ litre-1 for renewable diesel

http://www.ecoaction.gc.ca/ecoenergy-ecoenergie/renewablefuels-carburantsrenouvelables-eng.cfm

• Sustainable Development Technology Canada – NextGenBiofuels Fund will invest $500 million in large scale demo plants that produce next generation, bio-based renewable fuels using non-conventional feedstocks including agricultural and forest residues.

http://www.sdtc.ca/en/funding/index.htm

Bio-oil could take advantage of a number of government programs for biofuels.

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Algae-Based Biodiesel

Micro-Algae:

• Menova Engineering is designing algae systems to work in combination with Power Spar technology plus CO2 enhancement.

Details:

The use of algae to sequester CO2 and produce biodiesel offers tremendous promise if growing conditions can be offered at an industrial scale. The consortium led by MenovaEnergy Inc. will develop and demonstrate the technical and commercial viability of a Solar Concentrating Photo Bio-Reactor (SC-PBR) for sequestering CO2 emissions from compressor stations (and other installations in the fossil fuel, power generation sector), and for the subsequent production of biofuels. The project will integrate existing proprietary solar concentrating technology with a new closed loop proprietary PBR system, using algae both to sequester the CO2 and to generate significant quantities of feedstock for biofuels and other high value applications.

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Potential Lessons for APEC Economies

Develop B100 specification in relation to:

– Target final blend percentage with diesel • similar to ethanol;

– Feedstock limitations • Canada’ conventional limit likely 3% of diesel pool;

• Move limit up as 2nd and 3rd generation fuels become commercialized;

– Temperature requirements • Canola for cold, tallow for warm seasons;

– Distribution and storage infrastructure • heated transfer and blending facilities;

• off-road and heating oil concerns for local storage;

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Potential Lessons for APEC Economies

• Final blend specification in relation to:

– Renewable fuel content goals; • Air quality, security, rural development, sustainability;

– Temperature requirements; • Cold weather operability limits use for North and winter season;

• Using a pooled yearly average and reporting requirements;

• Ongoing quality control of the final products

– Canada has set up government laboratories to assist with testing and quality assurance;

– Field test developments should assist processors;

– Training will be the key to produce quality biodiesel;

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Conclusions

• Canada will move forward on conventional biodiesel.– Problems of feedstock cost and access to capital for

producers will limit growth.

• Canada will continue to evaluate biodiesel use in off-road and heating applications.

• Distributed biomass to liquid (BTL) production schemes may hold promise for Canada– Pyrolysis technology availability

– Distributed biomass

– Multiple biomass feedstock types

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Thank You for Your Attention !