Basics of Civil Engineering :- For retail purchase Contact our distributor : Shri Mukesh Gujarathi...

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A Textbook on:Basics ofCivilEngineering

TTHHEE MMAANNAAGGEEMMEENNTTCCOONNSSOORRTTIIUUMM

First Edition: 2012-13 onwardsMRP: - 200/-

Students Discounted Price: - 130/-

Published by: TMC

Book World, Gokulpeth, Nagpur

All Rights Reserved with TMC

No part of this book may be reproduced in any form, by photocopy, microfilm, or any other means, or incorporated into

any information retrieval system, electronic or mechanical, without the written permission of the publisher. All inquiries

can be emailed to [email protected]

1/e2012-13

onwards
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[ 2012-13 Onwards: TMC Textbook on BoCE] Page 2

The purpose of this textbook is to present an introduction to the subject of

The

book contains the syllabus from basics of the subjects going into the

intricacies of the subjects.

Students

Each topic is followed by which now

forms the compulsory part of . All the concepts have

been explained with relevant examples and diagrams to make it interesting

for the readers.

An attempt is made here by the experts of TMC to assist the students by

way of providing Study text as per the curriculum with non-commercial

considerations.

.

At the end we would l ike to say that there is always a room for

improvement in whatever we do. We would appreciate any suggestions

regarding this study material from the readers so that the contents can be

made more interesting and meaningful.
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Syllabus and TMC Contents

Unit Syllabus and TMC Contents Page

1 Introduction to Civil Engineering: Introduction and scope of Civil Engineering.

Role of Engineers in the infrastructure development.

General concepts related to building: Selection of site, basic functions of

buildings,

Types of buildings Residential, Public, Commercial, and Industrial. Principles

of planning, orientation of buildings, introduction to bye-laws regarding building

line, Height of building, open space requirement, F.S.I., Carpet area, built up area,

setbacks, ventilation.

Components of Buildings: Introduction to Types of loads on buildings.

Substructure Types of soils; rocks and foundation strata, concept of bearing

capacity, Types of foundation and their suitability.

SuperstructureTypes of construction: Load Bearing, Framed, and Composite.

Building Materials: Introduction to basic construction materials; cement, bricks,

stone, aggregates, reinforcing steel, structural glazing, structural steel; Concrete

types: PCC, RCC, Prestressed, Precast and Ready Mix Concrete. Use of various

eco- friendly materials in construction.

05

2 Surveying: Various types of maps and their uses; Introduction to digital mapping;

Principles of survey, Introduction to various survey instruments such as EDM,

Lasers, Total Station, and digital planimeter. Modern survey methods.

Introduction to GIS, GPS and their applications.

Transportation Engineering: Role of transportation in national development;

Various modes of Transportation. Classification of Highways: Expressways, NH,

SH, MDR, ODR, VR; Types of Pavements, Traffic Signs, signals, Parking system,

and Causes of Accidents.

75

3 Environment and Natural Resource Management:Water supply - Sources, drinking water requirements, impurities in water and

117


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their effects; Purification of water, modern purification processes; Standards of

purified water.

Waste Management: Collection and Disposal methods of Liquid, solid and

gaseous wastes.

Water Resources Engineering: Introduction to Hydraulic structures of storage;

water conveyance systems; Watershed management: Definition, Necessity and

methods; Roof top rain water harvesting and Ground water recharge: relevance

and methods.

4 Instrumentation in Civil Engineering Structures: Various Instruments used in

construction, water resources, Environmental Engineering, Foundation

Engineering, Thermocouples, condition monitoring equipments, Half Cell

Potentiometers, Strain Gauges.

Management of Utilities using telemetry & SCADA System.

Sustainable Development: Role of Engineers in Sustainable Development.

Concept of green buildings and LEED Certification.

149

Bibliography and further readings; Modal Question Paper

180


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Unit1:Introduction toCivilEngineeringIntroduction

Since time immemorial, human beings have been engaged in building all kinds of structures. From huts

made of mud to Taj Mahal made of marble, we have definitely come a long way. As civilizations matured, it

simultaneously led to the development of bigger, better and diverse structures. From cave dwellings, human

beings had moved on to construct houses, palaces, canals, dams, highways, and skyscrapers. These civilian

structures played a significant role in the development of human race and gave various dimensions to

human life as various activities evolved: Social, Political, Economic and Recreational.

Some significant structures from the past include the Great Pyramid of Giza, the Great Wall of China to the

magnificent Taj Mahal. Also worth mentioning here are buildings from the ancient cities of Mohenjo-

Daro and Harappa. These are just but a mere glimpse of the examples set by one of the oldest branches of

engineering, that is, Civil engineering.

Civil engineering is one of the most popular and broadest fields of engineering. Civil engineeringisa professional engineering discipline that deals with the design, construction, and maintenance of the

physical and naturally built environment, including works like roads, bridges, canals, dams, and buildings.

Before the middle of the 18th century, large-scale construction work was usually placed in the hands ofmilitary engineers. Military engineering involved work such as the preparation of topographical maps, the

location, design, and construction of roads and bridges; and the building of forts and docks.

However, the term civil engineering came into use to describe engineering work that was performed by

civilians for nonmilitary purposes.

Civil engineering is the oldest engineering discipline after military engineering, and it was defined to

distinguish non-military engineering from military engineering.

Amongst all branches of engineering, the range and application of civil engineering is the broadest and the

most visible. In fact, the entire infrastructural framework of a modern nation is the creation of civil

engineers. The credit of building mighty power plants, dams, airports, sea ports, highways, inland

waterways and industrial plants goes to civil engineers. These professionals are also engaged in building an
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unending range of urban structures such as commercial complexes, skyscrapers, tunnels, bridges, roads,

urban rapid transport systems, sports stadia and so on.

Wherever you might be, in cities or towns or in the far-flung areas of the country you simply cannot miss the

creation of civil engineers. The nature of this profile makes it an evergreen prospect for career minded

youngsters. There is an endless demand for this job profile both in the private as well as in public sector

undertakings in our country.

Scope of Civil Engineering

Civil engineering takes place on all levels: in the public sector from municipal through to national

governments, and in the private sector from individual homeowners through to international companies.

Civil engineeringis the broadest of the engineering fields.

Civil engineeringfocuses on the infrastructure of the world which include: Water works, Sewers, Dams,

Power Plants, Transmission Towers/Lines, Railroads, Highways, Bridges, Tunnels, Irrigation Canals,

River Navigation, Shipping Canals, Traffic Control, Mass Transit, Airport Runways, Terminals,

Industrial Plant Buildings, Skyscrapers, etc.

Civil engineeringis traditionally broken into several sub-disciplines including:

1. Environmental engineering,2. Construction engineering,3. Structural engineering,4. Earthquake engineering,5. Water resources engineering,6. Materials engineering,7. Surveying8. Transportation engineering,9. Municipal or Urban engineering10.Geotechnical engineering, and11.Coastal engineering.

Scope of each one of these sub-discipline is explained as follows:

1. Environmental engineeringEnvironmental engineering deals with the treatment of chemical, biological, and/or thermal waste, the

purification of water and air, and the remediation of contaminated sites, due to prior waste disposal or

accidental contamination. Among the topics covered by environmental engineering are pollutanttransport, water purification, waste water treatment, air pollution, solid waste treatment and hazardous

waste management. Environmental engineers can be involved with pollution reduction, green engineering,
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Assignment Questions:1. Instrumentation and measurement systems play an important role in the Civil Engineering? Explain2. Write notes on:

(i) Concrete testing instruments

(ii) Steel testing instruments

(iii) Masonry testing instruments

3. Explain the principle and limitations of Half Cell Potentiometers?4. State Strain Gauge Applications and Principle?5. What is Telemetry? Telemetry applications:6. Explain the SCADA Working? What are the benefits of SCADA?7. Define sustainable development.8. Define sustainable development? Why is it necessary?9. Keeping in view your locality, describe any four strategies of sustainable development.10. Explain the Role of Engineers in Sustainable Development?11. What is Green Building Concept? Mention its advantages and disadvantages?12. What is LEED Certification and how it is related to Green Building concepts?13. State the Benefits of LEED-India-certified buildings?


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Bibliography and Further Readings

1. Agarwal, S.K. (1996). Industrial Environment Assessment and Strategy (Ed.) APH Publishing Corporation, NewDelhi, 415.

2. Basic Civil Engineering: By Dr. B. C. Punmia, Ashok Kumar Jain, Arun Kumar Jain.3. Building Construction and Construction Materials, G S Birdie and Ahuja, Dhanpat, Rai Pubishing House, New

Delhi, 2007

4. Building Construction: By Sushil Kumar5. Building Drawing Design: By Shah and Kale6. Concrete Technology: By M.S.Shetty7.

Construction Engineering and Management, S Seetaraman, Umesh Publications, New Delhi, 2003

8. Construction Planning ,Equipments And Methods: Robert Peurifoy, Clifford J. Schexnayder, Aviad Shapira andRobert Schmitt

9. Dutt, R. and Sundaram, K.P.M. (2004); Indian Economy, 50th Edition, S. Chand & Co, New Delhi.10. Economic Survey (2004-05); Government of India, New Delhi.11. Elements of Civil Engineering: By S. S. Bhavikatti12. Foundation design: theory and practice / N.S.V. Kameswara Rao.13. Hand Book of Civil Engineering, Vazirani and Chndola, S Chand and Co, New Delhi, 200414. http://www.igbc.in/site/igbc/testigbc.jsp?desc=22968&event=2286915. http://www.usgbc.org/Default.aspx16. Irrigation And Hydraulic Structures: By S.K.Garg17. Jimenez, E. (1995); Human and Physical Infrastructure: Investment and Pricing Policies, in Behrman, J. and

Srinivasan, T.N. (eds.), Handbook of Development Economics, Chapter-43, Vol-3B, North-Holland.

18. Kumar Praveen, Kumar Ashwani, Dhawan, P.K. and Murty, A.V.R., Performance of Granulated Blast Furnace Slagin Road Construction A Case Strudy, Indian Highways, July 1999.

19. Kumar Praveen, Mehndiratta H.C. and Kumar Anant, "Economic Analysis of Rural Road Construction UnderPMGSY" Indian Highways, Indian Roads Congress, Vol 133, No. 8 August 2005, pp 21-33.

20. Kumar, (1986). Pollution Control Handbook, Utility Publications, Secunderabad, 57.21. Ministry of Finance (1996); The India Infrastructure Reports: Policy Imperatives for Growth and Welfare,

Government of India.

22. Sen, Raj Kumar (ed) (2005); Social Sector Development in India, Deep & Deep Publications Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi.23. Surveying And Leveling: By Kanetkar and Kulkarni24. Textbook of BUILDING CONSTRUCTION by S.P.Arora & S.P.Bindra25. Transportation Engineering: By Khanna & Justo26. Water Supply And Sanitary Engineering: Including Environmental Engineering, Water And Air Pollution Laws And

Ecology: By G. S. Birdie, J. S. Birdie

27. Wiley, N.Y., (1960). The Disposal of Municipal Refuse (Ed.) H.D.B. Parsons.

`
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Modal Question Paper for

Winter 2012

First Semester of

Bachelor of Engineering (BE) Examination

Basics of Civil Engineering

Time: Two Hours] [Max. Marks: 40

NB:-

1) All the Five Questions are compulsory.

2) All questions carry equal marks.

Q1. (a) What is Civil Engineering? Discuss various

sub-discipline of civil engineering.

or(b)Distinguish between dead load and imposed

load in a building. How their values are assessed?

Q2. (a) What are the different types of maps and

their representative scales?

or

(b) On what principle the working of an EDM is

based? Write four basic steps of working with an

EDM.

Q3. (a) What are different types of concrete dam?

Explain each with neat sketches.

or

(b) What is artificial recharge? State two methods

by which groundwater can be recharged

artificially.

Q4. (a) Explain the principle and limitations of

Half Cell Potentiometers?

or

(b) What is Green Building Concept? Mention its

advantages and disadvantages?

Q5. (a) What is substructure? Discuss various

functions of foundations.

(b)What is meant by modes of transport? State the

different modes of transport.

or(c)Why are Traffic Signals needed? What are the

ill effects of parking?

(d) Define sustainable development? Why is it

necessary?

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