Bahay na bato by Paul DJ

7/25/2019 Bahay na bato by Paul DJ

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THEBUILDINGENVELOPE

Homework#1:ClimateResponsiveBuildingDesign

PauldeJesus

UCBerkeleyExtension X413.3 Summer2010

Instructor:

Ryan

Stroupe

BAHAYNABATO:ThePhilippineIndigenousHome

PARTI:ClimateInvestigation

TheclimateofMANILAistropicalandmaritime.Itischaracterizedbyrelativelyhightemperature,highhumidityandabundantrainfall.

Temperature: Mean annual temperature is 82 F. The coolest months fall in

Januarywith amean temperatureof 79 Fwhile thewarmestmonthsoccur in

Apriland

May

with

amean

temperature

of

85

F.

Humidity:Duetohightemperatureandthesurroundingbodiesofwater,Manila

has a high relative humidity. The average monthly relative humidity varies

between 71 percent in March and 85 percent in September. It is especially

uncomfortableduringApril toMay,when temperatureandhumidityattain their

maximumlevels.

Rainfall:Rainfall is oneof themost important climatic elements inManila. The

meanmonthly rainfall is 0.1 inches in February to 16.3 inches inAugust.At its

meanpeakinAugust,rainoccurs24outof31daysand154daysannually.

Daylight:Locatedatlatitude1431N,theaveragelengthofdayrangesfrom11to

13hoursmeasuredatbothsolsticepositions.However,climaticconditionsaffect

skycover.Withvaryingdegreesofovercastcloudcoverconditionsprevalent,the

averageperiodofdirectsunlightrangesfrom4to9hours.

Wind:Constantprevailingmoderatebreezerangingfrom8to11knotsmovingin

aneasterlydirectionflowsmostoftheyearexceptduringtheheavyrainyseason

wheredirectionreverses.

Seasons:Using temperature and rainfall asbases, the climate inManila can be

dividedintotwomajorseasons:(1)therainyseason,fromJunetoNovember;and(2)thedryseason,fromDecembertoMay.Thedryseason

maybesubdividedfurtherinto(a)thecooldryseason,fromDecembertoFebruary;and(b)thehotdryseason,fromMarchtoMay.

Typhoons:Typhoonshaveagreat influenceon the climateandweather conditions inManila.Agreatportionof the rainfall,humidityand

cloudinessareduetotheinfluenceoftyphoons.TheygenerallyoriginateintheregionoftheMarianasandCarolineIslandsofthePacificOcean.

Their movements follow a northwesterly direction. The

Philippinessitsastridethetyphoonbelt,andsuffersanannual

onslaught of dangerous storms from July through October.

TheseareespeciallyhazardousfornorthernandeasternLuzon

and theBicolandEastern Visayasregions, but Manila gets

devastatedperiodicallyaswell.

InSeptember2009,typhoonOndoy(internationaldesignation

0916 Ketsana), hitManila as one of theworst typhoons in

recorded history. Producing onlymoderate winds, a record

amount of rainfallmeasured at 17.9 inches in 24 hours fell

which flooded the lower lyingareasof themetropolisunder

10ftofwater.

ClimaticAnalysis:

Except

for

limited

periods

between

December

and

February,

the

psychrometric

analysis

shows

Manilas

climate

to

be

well

beyondthecomfortzone.ThepeakofdiscomfortwouldoccurduringtheperiodsbetweenApriltoMay(redorangebubble)wheretheeffects

oftemperatureandhumidityinteractingareattheirhighest.Asinmosttropicalconditions,designingforeffectiveheatinsulationandnatural

coolingstrategiesshouldbeofprimaryconcern.

Duetoitsazimuth,directand/orindirectdaylightallaroundthebuildingisplentifuleveninwintermonthswherethesunspathremainshigh

abovethehorizon.OrientingthelongersideofthebuildinginanEastWestaxiswillreducesolarheatgain.Considerpropershadingonwindow

openingsalongthewestsidetominimizesolarheatgainfromtheafternoonsun.

Considerhowtheuseofmaterialswithhighthermalmassmaycontributeincoolingthebuildingthroughstrategieslikenighttimeflushing.

Natural ventilation should be available year round. Maximize

window/ventopeningsontheeastandwestsidestocapturebest

airflow.

Duetothehighamountsofprecipitation,designforawatertight

building envelope and increased water runoff. Consider flood

probabilitiesandstudyhistoricalflooddata.

Choiceofbuildingmaterialswhichcanwithstandhighprecipitation

andhumidityshouldbetakenintoaccount.Considerthecorrosive

effectsofsaltwaterifsiteislocatedclosetoManilaBay.


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THEBUILDINGENVELOPE


PauldeJesus


Instructor:

Ryan

Stroupe

PartII:CaseStudy BAHAYNABATO:ThePhilippineIndigenousHome

Introduction

Built bymy greatgrandfather in 1917, the SantosAndres residence stood tall in the sealevel fishing

town of Navotas, north ofManila. It was designed in the typical Bahay na Bato fashion which has

successfully evolvedover generations addressing local climatic conditions. In the years since,modern

industrial development had taken over as the driving force in design in lieu of historically functional

patterns.Flooding,

congestion,

along

with

other

factors,

led

the

succeeding generations to leave their ancestral home. Four

generations later, the family sought to preserve their heritage by

deconstructing the entire structure and reconstructing it piece by

pieceinthecityofAntipolo40kilometersaway.Nowelevated500ft

above sea level on the gentle slopes of the Sierra Madre range

capturingthecoolermountainbreeze,itproudlysitsfacingwestward

overlookingthebustlingManilawhereitoncedidwatchingoverthe

fishingvesselsreturningtoportalongManilaBay.

TheProject

Aherculean taskofdeconstructionensuedcarefullytakingaparteachpieceand recording its location for

thereconstructionwhichtook8monthstocomplete.Althoughoriginallybuiltwithawoodenstructure, it

wasdecided

to

frame

the

house

using

reinforced

concrete

instead.

Careful

attention

to

finishing

details

were implemented toensure that theprojectwouldbe restoredto itsoriginalspecifications.Revisions in

planwereadoptedtoallowfortheprojectspresentneeds.Groundbreakingbegan inMay2000withthe

projectcompletedover2yearslater.

AdaptiveChanges

GroundFloorPlanOriginallydesignedforgaragespace (garaje)andanarea

tostoreprovisions(bodega),thebasement(silong)istraditionallyabovegrade

and never permanently lived in due to the annual inundation during the

monsoonmonths.Nowlocatedatahigherelevation,therevisedplanconverts

areaintolivingspaces.Groundfloorlevelisstillraisedabout2feetabovegrade

toprotectfromwaterrunoff.

Originally, windows on the ground floor are normally smaller in opening

compared to those located inupper living spaces.This,alongwith very thick

highthermalmasswalls,keeptheinteriorcooler,idealforstorage.Theoriginal

window sizeswere retainedduring reconstruction.Awnings (mediaagua)are

located above window openings. Revised layout exhibits an open plan

promotingbetter airflowandgoodcrossventilation.

The grand

foyer(entradaprincipal)stillretainsitslocationandoriginalfunction.

SecondFloorPlanThemainlivingarea.Theoriginalplancalledforrecessed

sections toallowdaylight to reachdeep into the interior.Revisedopenplan

compensates for the removal of the recesses allowing formore functional

T&Bsto

be

added.

Original

house

had

only

1functional

T&B.

Note

that

all

T&Bsarelocatedalongexteriorwallsandarenaturallyventilated.Maindining

andkitchenarerelocated.Dirtykitchenaddedandlocatedinannex.

Originalwindow openingsmaintained. Awningwraps around entire second

floorbuildingperimeter.

Interior partitions have punchedwooden panels along top section to allow

crossventilationevenwithdoorsclosed.Highceilingmaintained.

ThirdFloorPlanOriginalbedroomsarecombinedandT&Badded.Balcony

wrapsaroundfor360view.Operablewindowsallaroundforincreased

ventilation.Deepoverhangingroofprovidessolarandrainprotection.

Ventilatedatticplenumusingpunchedwoodenpanels.


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THEBUILDINGENVELOPE


PauldeJesus


Instructor:

Ryan

Stroupe

Windows traditionalwindowswith floor to ceiling arrangement in 3 sections bottom

ventanilla (operable sliding solid panels from floor to sill),mid ventana (operable sliding

wood/glasspanels from sill to top of awning)withplantation shutters, top transom (fixed

glassfromtopofawningtoceiling)providingmaximumviews,daylightingandventilation.

Wooden shutters located at

the west end effectively

control late afternoon sun

andofferprivacy.

Clear or smoked glazing

provides subdued

daylighting. Capiz, a

translucentmaterial frombi

valveshellsweretraditionally

usedwhereglasswasnotavailable.

Coloredglasstransomprovidesacolorfulplayofinteriorlight.

Roof painted corrugatedmetal roofwithwrap around and above

window

awning.

Metal

roof

was

first

introduced

late

19

th

to

early

20

th

centurywhichquicklyreplaced tileroofdue to itsweightadvantage,

ornipathatchedroofwhichcaughtfirealltooeasily.

Deep overhangs provide ample shade while allowing windows to remain

opened even during heavy rains. Awnings could benefit from underside

insulation to lessen radiatedheat frombeing transmitted into the interior.

Lightercolorshelptoreflectsunsraysandlessenheatgain.Redisafavored

colorduetoitsresemblancetoclaytileroof.

Exteriorwall woodandstoneconstruction.Ground

floor of concrete (originally quarried natural adobe

withlimeplaster)providesprotectionfromdamaging

effects of rain while providing cooling effects of

thermal mass. Although new location is no longer

prone to flooding, backsplash from awning runoff

canbeasdamaging.Secondandthirdfloorofwood

construction providing less thermalmass and heat

gain.

Landscaping is a characteristic component of

Philippinehomes.Treeswhenmatured,willprovide

added shading where needed while minimizing

disruption of airflow. The family also runs a large

scaleflowerfarmandisveryadeptinhorticulture.

PresentLivingConditions Inaninterviewwith itsoccupantsat

thesiteseveralyearsago,therelocationwasconsideredahuge

success,proudinthatitwilllastseveralmoregenerations.

Better environmental conditions only enhanced the already

effectivetropicaldesign.Airconditioning,whichwasaddedonly

asaback

up

for

the

warmest

of

nights,

had

hardly

been

used.

With theconstantbreeze,electric fansaremostlyunnecessary.

Theonly drawbacknotedwithopenedwindowswasmosquito

control, They intend to install screens in living quarters that

match the architecture. Electrical lighting is only used in the

evening.Powerisprovidedbythelocalutilitycompanyfromgas

firedgenerators.


4/4

THEBUILDINGENVELOPE


PauldeJesus


Instructor:

Ryan

Stroupe

Bibliography

Alejandro,Reynaldo;Santos,Vicente(2003)Tahanan:AHouseReborn.DuendePublishing.

Zialcita,Fernando;Tinio,Martin(1980)PhilippineAncestralHouses.GCFBooks.

Zialcita,Fernando;Javellana,Rene(1997)FilipinoStyle.PeriplusEditions.

Villalon,Augusto(2001)Lugar:PhilippineHeritageandArchitecture.Bookmark,Inc.

Reyes,Elizabeth(2000)TropicalLiving:ContemporaryHousesinthePhilippines.PeriplusEditions.

http://www.climatecharts.com/Locations/p/PH98429000000013.php

http://www.bbc.co.uk/weather/world/city_guides/results.shtml?tt=TT002730

Bahay na bato by Paul DJ

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