AVIAN INFLUENZA ZIMBABWE COUNTRY STATUS REPORT Dr J Nyika, Dr SM Midzi, Dr O Kakono Roode Vallei...
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Transcript of AVIAN INFLUENZA ZIMBABWE COUNTRY STATUS REPORT Dr J Nyika, Dr SM Midzi, Dr O Kakono Roode Vallei...
AVIAN INFLUENZA ZIMBABWE
COUNTRY STATUS REPORT
Dr J Nyika, Dr SM Midzi, Dr O KakonoRoode Vallei Country Lodge
Pretoria7-9 March 2006
Presentation Outline
• Background– Migratory birds– Livestock farming systems– Trade issues
• Country capacities– Human Resources– Diagnostics– Infrastructure
• Preparedness• Suspect & Outbreak situations• Challenges
Migratory birds
• Transcontinental migratory birds are said to be of very minor threat– They maybe problems with regional migrators
coming out of the Great Rift Valley
• We have few, if any, ducks and geese which are likely to be the major carriers of the disease
Livestock Farming Systems
• Vibrant well regulated industry– Commercial and communal
• Beef, dairy, poultry, pigs
• Export of livestock and livestock products to the region and beyond
Trade
International trade (Formal)• The country exports:
– Day old chicks– Hatching (embryonated) eggs – Table eggs
• And until recently poultry and ostrich meat.
– Beef
Local Trade• Animals and birds slaughtered at registered abattoirs are
sold through the formal market. – However there is informal trading at local level.
Capacity: Human resources-Animal Health
Indicator Number
Veterinarians 75
Lab Technologists 33
Para-Vets 1 265
Research Scientists 8
Capacity-Human Resources-Human Health
Indicator Establishment Filled Vacant Ratio of filled posts
Doctors 1 557 770 787 49.5%
Pharmacists 132 20 112 15.2%
Pharmacy Technicians
185 72 113 38.9%
Nurses 14 239 9 680 4 559 68.0%
Radiographers 159 29 130 18.2%
Hospital Equipment Technicians
95 40 55 42.1%
Lab Scientists 385 263 122 68.0%
Environmental Health Officers
1 599 753 846 47.1%
Diagnostics-Animal Health
• The Central Veterinary Laboratory (CVL) that is ISO 17025 Accredited, employs an HAI test
• Determines the H and not N of the virus. • Capacity to test at least 2 000 samples per day. • Has validated and are using the AI ELISA. • The lab is making efforts to develop molecular
based techniques for the typing of the AI virus. • CVL has put up a High Security Lab for
dangerous pathogens but it needs EQUIPPING.• They have received assistance from regional FAO
AI TCP to acquire reagents and protective gear – In addition to CVL a private laboratory,ZIMVET, has been
accredited by Government to screen samples on their behalf using the HAI and ELISA.
Capacity-Diagnostics-Human Health
• Currently there is no capacity to test human samples in the country – Relying on sending samples to RSA
• However the country has WHO accredited Virology lab for testing measles and polio viruses– There is potential to capacitate the existing
virology lab to test AI samples • need to be pursued with assistance of WHO
Capacity-Infrastructure
VETERINARY• 8 Provincial Veterinary
Offices• 53 Field Veterinary Offices• 308 Animal Health Centres• 4 000 Dip tanks• 1 Central Laboratory & 4
Provincial Diagnostic Laboratories– Virology and Bacteriology
section have ISO 17025 certification
HUMAN HEALTH• 6 Government Central
Hospitals (all with Labs but no capacity for AI virus-testing)
• University Teaching Hospital has a WHO accredited regional Virology Laboratory (Measles and Polio) which can be improved to do AI testing.
• 10 Private Tertiary Hospitals• 7 Provincial Hospitals• 60 District Hospitals• 17 Mission Hospitals• 1 316 Rural/Municipal Health
Facilities• At least 15 Private
laboratories
Preparedness
National• A multi-stakeholder National Taskforce on HPAI has
been set up and is co-chaired by Veterinary Services (Ministry of Agriculture) and the Department of Disease Prevention and Control (Ministry of Health and Child Welfare)(MOHCW)
• The Taskforce, which also includes Wildlife Management & National Parks, Bird Groups, WHO, FAO, Ostrich/Pig Producers, Transport and Communications, Home Affairs and ZIMRA, meets once a month.
Provincial and District Level• Zoonotic subcommittees comprised of Veterinary
Services and MOHCW meet quarterly but meets more frequently when necessary.
Suspect situations VETERINARY
Wild birds• Surveillance of wetlands
(identified and mapped) by Wildlife Management and Parks
Ostriches and Poultry• Sero-surveillance• Enforcement of Bio-security
measures• Movement control• Establishment of disease free
compartments• Awareness programmes in the
print and electronic media, extension by departmental staff and local government structures.
HUMAN HEALTH• Seasonal (May to
September)-Weekly reporting of clinical Human Influenza cases in place from 750 health institutions (representing 75% of all health facilities).
Outbreaks situations-Veterinary
• As soon as an outbreak is confirmed:– Properties are quarantined
• Screening and surveillance of birds in the whole country to establish extend of infection
• Mapping of problem areas• Establishment of disease free compartments• Movement control• Suspension of exports• Policy on control (slaughter, vaccination etc.) still
to be developed• Awareness programmes in the print and electronic
media, extension by departmental staff and local government structures.
Outbreaks situations- Human Health
• A wide network of health facilities in place which are within 8km of any individual however there is a shortage of professional staff particularly in outlying rural areas.
• Shortage of suitable equipment, reagents and drugs will be a problem
• Guidelines will be needed from the WHO on the management of HPAI in human beings
Challenges• Demand for high insurance by health workers
working in infectious disease hospitals remains unresolved– outbreak experiences
• SARS• VHF (Ebola,Marburg )
• Protective clothing• Compensation for farmers of culled poultry• Quarantine facilities are likely to be
stretched• Capacity to import
– Vaccines ,Osteltamivir(Tamiflu),Lab reagents• In light of FC constraints