Omnimediakit011512 13268360381394 Phpapp02 120117153552 Phpapp02
Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02
-
Upload
ajaindu-shrivastava -
Category
Education
-
view
17 -
download
0
Transcript of Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02
![Page 1: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Nervous 3Autonomic Nervous System
McKinley and O’LaughlinChapter 18
![Page 2: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Introduction
What part of the vertebrate nervous system innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glandular tissues and governs involuntary, vital functions?
![Page 3: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
The ANS affects the following:
heart rate digestion respiration rate salivation perspiration diameter of the pupils micturition (urination) sexual arousal
![Page 4: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Whereas most of its actions are involuntary, some actions of the ANS, such as breathing, work in tandem with the conscious mind.
![Page 5: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
The ANS is:
Purely motor (though some references include visceral sensory as an arm of the ANS)
A functional, not anatomical, division Opposite is the somatic nervous system
Mostly working beyond our conscious awareness
![Page 6: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Autonomic vs. Somatic
If we follow a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector within the SNS, how many motor neurons would be involved?
If we follow a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector within the ANS, how many motor neurons would be involved?
![Page 7: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
![Page 8: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Autonomic vs. Somatic
A motor neuron within the ANS that lies between the CNS and a ganglion is what type of neuron? Pre-ganglionic - myelinated
A motor neuron within the ANS that lies between a ganglion and an effector is what type of neuron? Ganglionic - unmyelinated
![Page 9: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Autonomic vs. Somatic
What is the axon of a ganglionic neuron with in the ANS? Post-ganglionic axon
![Page 10: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
ANS Divisions
What are the 2 divisions of the ANS? Sympathetic division Parasympathetic division
![Page 11: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
ANS Divisions
What division of the ANS is primarily concerned with conserving energy and replenishing nutrient stores and has been nicknamed the “rest-and-digest” division? Parasympathetic division
![Page 12: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
ANS Divisions
What division of the ANS is primarily concerned with preparing the body for emergencies and is often referred to as the “fight-or-flight” division? Sympathetic division
![Page 13: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
The parasympathetic division is sometimes referred to as “craniosacral” because the nerves arise from the brain stem (mainly vagus) & sacral region
The sympathetic division is sometimes referred to as “thoracolumbar” because of the sympathetic neurons in the spinal nerves of these regions.
![Page 14: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
![Page 15: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
![Page 16: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Parasympathetic Division
What is another term for the parasympathetic division? _________ division
![Page 17: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
Parasympathetic Division
Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic division located? Brainstem S2-S4 (lateral gray matter of spinal cord)
![Page 18: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Parasympathetic Division
Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic division found? Terminal ganglia - close to target organ Intramural ganglia - within wall of target organ
![Page 19: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
![Page 20: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
Parasympathetic Division
What cranial nerves carry parasympathetic fibers? III Oculomotor VII Facial IX Glossopharyngeal X Vagus
![Page 21: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
Parasympathetic Division
The parasympathetic division innervates what structures through the oculomotor nerve? Ciliary muscle Pupillary constrictor of iris
Dilator controlled by sympathetic division
![Page 22: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
Parasympathetic Division
The parasympathetic division innervates what structures through the facial nerve? Submandibular and sublingual glands Lacrimal gland Glands of nasal cavity, mouth, and palate
![Page 23: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Parasympathetic Division
The parasympathetic division innervates what structures through the glossopharyngeal nerve? Parotid gland
![Page 24: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Parasympathetic Division
The parasympathetic division innervates what structures through the vagus nerve? Thoracic and abdominal organs
![Page 25: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
![Page 26: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Parasympathetic Division
What specific regions of the spinal cord house the cell bodies of the parasympathetic division of the ANS? Lateral horns
![Page 27: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
Parasympathetic Division
What nerves carry fibers of the parasympathetic division of the ANS through the pelvis? Pelvic splanchnic nerves
What does ‘splanchnic’ mean? Visceral
![Page 28: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/28.jpg)
![Page 29: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/29.jpg)
Parasympathetic Effects
Increase saliva production Constrict pupils Constrict airways Produce tears Increase GI motility Contract bladder Erect penis/clitoris
![Page 30: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/30.jpg)
Sympathetic Division
What is another term for the sympathetic division? _____________ division
From what regions of the CNS does the sympathetic division arise? T1-L2 (lateral horns of spinal cord)
![Page 31: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/31.jpg)
Sympathetic Division
What part of spinal nerves do the preganglionic sympathetic axons travel within as they leave the lateral horn of the spinal cord? Anterior root
![Page 32: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/32.jpg)
Sympathetic Division
What sympathetic ganglia lie on the left and right sides of the vertebral column from T1-L2? Sympathetic trunk ganglia
Paravertebral ganglia What structure of the sympathetic division
has the appearance of a pearl necklace? Sympathetic trunk (ganglia and axons)
![Page 33: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
Sympathetic Division
What clusters of ganglia of the sympathetic division of the ANS lie within the neck? Cervical ganglia
What are the connections between spinal nerves and the sympathetic trunks? Rami communicantes
![Page 34: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
![Page 35: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
Sympathetic Division
What structures carry preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk? White rami
What structures carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerves? Gray rami
![Page 36: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
![Page 37: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
![Page 38: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
Sympathetic Division
What structures are composed of preganglionic axons that do not synapse in a sympathetic trunk ganglion? Splanchnic nerves
Splanchnic nerves of the sympathetic division of the ANS terminate in what structures? Prevertebral (collateral) ganglia
![Page 39: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
Sympathetic Division
What structures are singular rather than paired, are anterior to the vertebral column, and are located only in the abdominal cavity? Prevertebral ganglia
![Page 40: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
Sympathetic Division
List the 3 prevertebral ganglia Celiac Superior mesenteric Inferior mesenteric
![Page 41: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
![Page 42: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/42.jpg)
Sympathetic Pathways
What pathway is a postganglionic axon within if it travels through a gray ramus that is at the same level as the ganglionic neuron to innervate blood vessels or arrector pili muscles or sweat glands? Spinal nerve pathway
![Page 43: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/43.jpg)
Sympathetic Pathways
What pathway is a postganglionic axon within if the preganglionic neuron synapses with a ganglionic neuron in a sympathetic trunk ganglion, but the postganglionic axon does not leave the trunk via a gray ramus, but instead extends away from the sympathetic trunk ganglion and goes directly to the effector organ? Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway
![Page 44: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
![Page 45: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
Sympathetic Pathways
What pathway is a postganglionic axon within if the preganglionic axon passes through the sympathetic trunk ganglia without synapsing and extends to the prevertebral ganglia? Splanchnic nerve pathway
![Page 46: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
Sympathetic Pathways
What pathway is a sympathetic axon within if it goes to the adrenal medulla? Adrenal medulla pathway
![Page 47: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
![Page 48: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
Sympathetic Effects
Pupil dilation Airway dilation Sweat production Mass activation response to stress
Increased heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate and depth, dilate pupils, stimulate RAS
![Page 49: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
Autonomic Nervous System
Usually both divisions of the ANS innervate organs. Where does this dual innervation not occur? Cutaneous region
Includes peripheral blood vessels Sympathetic only
![Page 50: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
Autonomic Plexuses
What are collections of sympathetic postganglionic axons, parasympathetic preganglionic axons, and some visceral sensory axons? Autonomic plexuses
![Page 51: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/51.jpg)
Autonomic Plexuses
List the 5 autonomic plexuses Cardiac plexus Esophageal plexus Pulmonary plexus Abdominal plexus Hypogastric plexus
![Page 52: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/52.jpg)
![Page 53: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/53.jpg)
CNS Control of ANS
What part of the CNS has the greatest control over the ANS? Hypothalamus
What part of the CNS holds nuclei which have a great deal of influence over autonomic function? Brain stem
![Page 54: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/54.jpg)
![Page 55: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/55.jpg)
CNS Control of ANS
What division of the ANS may process and control certain functions at the level of the spinal cord without involvement of the brain? Parasympathetic
E.g. Defecation and urination
![Page 56: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/56.jpg)
![Page 57: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/57.jpg)
How does the parasympathetic reflex for urination relate to potty training?
![Page 58: Autonomicnervoussystem 091105103703-phpapp02](https://reader035.fdocuments.in/reader035/viewer/2022070509/589a05471a28ab7a318b490d/html5/thumbnails/58.jpg)
The End of Autonomic Nervous System