Automatized railway gate controller
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Transcript of Automatized railway gate controller
AUTOMATIZED RAILWAY GATE CONTROLLER
Presented by…
Project Guide :
The aim of this project is to automatize the railway crossings
in order to avoid accidents due to human negligence.
To control the opening or closing of gate two reference
points are required to be fixed at either side of crossing. RF1
and RF2 are the two reference points at which actuation for
closing and opening of gate respectively are to be initiated.
When the train approaches RF1, the gate is closed and when
train levels RF2, gate is opened and vice-versa.
ABSTRACT
BLOCK DIAGRAM
This project utilizes two powerful IR transmitters and two receivers: one pair of transmitter and receiver is fixed at up side (from where the train comes) at a level higher than a human being in exact alignment and similarly the other pair is fixed at down side of the train direction.
When foreside receiver gets activated, the gate motor is turned on in one direction and the gate is closed and stays closed until the train crosses the gate and reaches aft side sensors. When aft side receiver gets activated motor turns in opposite direction and gate opens and motor stops.
The reference point settings depend on the following factors:
1. Minimum breaking distance.
2. Speed allowed on that particular track.
3. Road traffic density, so as to clear the traffic before actually the gate is closed.
WORKING
Modulation used: ASK(Amplitude Shift Keying) ASK is a form of amplitude modulation that
represents digital data as variations in the amplitude of a carrier wave.
Also called On-Off keying. Carrier frequency: 434 MHz Baud Rate: 4800 bps
MODULATION TECHNIQUE
COMPONENT LIST
MICROCONTROLLER Microcontroller used-
AT89S8253 – 8051 2.7V to 5.5V Operating
Range 32 Programmable bi-
directional I/O Lines
IR SENSOR AND RECEIVER The transmitter is a simple
IR transmitting LED. The transmitted rays are not visible.
The IR receiver is an electronic component whose resistance decreases with increasing IR intensity. It is also called as “Photo diode”
COMPLETE CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
Block and Circuit Diagram of Power Supply
Block Diagram
Circuit Diagram
The advantage of this system is that human error is eliminated from the picture.
The problem of accident risks at unmanned level crossings is solved.
Installation of this system will lead to accurate and precise regulation of railway crossings.
Financial burden on railways is reduced due to reduction of manpower.
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE WORK
CONCLUSION
Automatic Railway Gate controller can be successfully implemented
using both wired and wireless techniques. This type of designs are
well suited in the field of communications. Based on this design we
can transmit any information in the form of pulses. Since it is a
demonstration part, the range of the transmitter is limited, the
limitation being the power transmitted by the transmitter and
antenna. However the range can be increased by increasing the
power radiating capacity of the transmitter.
REFERENCES B. P. Lathi, Modern Digital and Analog Communication
Systems, Oxford University Press, 3rd edition, 1998. VSRD International Journal of Electrical, Electronics &
Communication Engineering. G. K. Mithal and Ravi Mittal, Radio Engineering,
Khanna Publishers, 17th edition, 1992 D. Roy Chowdhury and Shail B. Jain, Linear Integrated
Circuits, New Age International Publishers. M.Morris Mano, Digital Design, Pearson Education,
3rd edition, 2007 and edition, 2003. Wikipedia – The Free Encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_Modulation. http://www.alldatasheet.com. J. B. Gupta, Theory and Performance of Electrical
Machines, S. K. Kataria & Sons, 14th edition, 2005-06. http://www.datasheetcatalog.com
QUERIES…
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