Automatic Railway Gate Controller

Mentor : Dr. Malti Bansal

(Assistant Professor)

Presented By -

Bhavyai Gupta 2k12/EC/051

Anadi Anant Jain 2k12/EC/024

Ankush 2k12/EC/029

Faizan Ayubi 2k12/EC/065

Contents

Objective

Indian Railways

Level Crossing

Types of Level Crossing

Rail Accidents

Accidents and Deaths

Plans of the Govt

Our Approach

Hardware Specifications

Working

Conclusions

Simulation

Objective of

the Project

Why this project was taken?

Provide an automatic railway gate at a level crossing replacing the gates operated by the gatekeeper.

Reduction in the time for which the gate remains closed

Prevention of error due to manual operation.

The Indian

Railways

Facts about Indian Railways

World’s largest railway network

115,000 kilometers of track over a route of 65,436 kilometers

7,172 stations

23 Million passengers daily

8,245 passengers annually

1441.67 billion rupees revenue

Level Crossing

What is a Level Crossing

Place where a railway and a road, or two railway lines, cross at the same level

Called Grade Crossing in North America Early level crossings had a flagman in a nearby booth who

would, on the approach of a train, wave a red flag or lantern to stop all traffic and clear the tracks

Manual or electrical closable gates that barricaded the roadway were later introduced, intended to be a complete barrier against intrusion of any road traffic onto the railway.

Types of Level

Crossing

Types according to India

‘Special’ Class Level Crossing ‘A’ Class Level Crossing ‘B’ Class Level Crossing ‘C’ Class Level Crossing ‘D’ Class Level Crossing

Class ‘Special’ and ‘A’ are normally kept open to road traffic, while class ‘B’ and ‘C’ are normally kept closed to road traffic. D Class is for Cattle Crossing.

Protection at

Intersections

Basic Protection and signs

All rail or road intersections are provided with either

passive or active protection.

Passive - application of passive traffic control devices

(signage) which provides an unchanging warning to the

road user whether or not a train is approaching the

crossing.

Active - application of warning devices to warn road

users of the approach of a train when the train is a

minimum time from entering the road-rail intersection.

Rail

Accidents

Classification of Accidents on Railways

Driver’s Error

Signalmen’s Error

Mechanical Failure

Civil Engineering Failure

Trespassing

Fires and Explosions

Collisions

Derailments

Negligence of road vehicle users

Accidents

and Deaths

Facts and Figures

Year Accidents at Level Crossing

2000-01 84

2001-02 88

2002-03 96

2003-04 95

2004-05 70

2005-06 75

2006-07 79

2007-08 77

2008-09 69

2009-10 70

2010-11 53

2011-12 61

2012-13 448

Deaths on Railway Track 40% of Accidents and 66% Fatalities occur at Level Crossings

Year Deaths

2011 14,973

2012 16,336

2013 19,997

2014 (till October) 18,735

Plans of Govt

of India What our government plans

to do

Eliminate 9,808 Level Crossings during 12th Five Year Plan (2012-17) and not adding any new Level Crossing

But, elimination of Level Crossing will cost Rs. 4.4 crore per

crossing and a total sum of about Rs. 50,000 crore.

Plan to introduce Train Protection and and Warning System (automatic brakes at high speed and passing of signal at danger).

The safety effects of TPWS are limited by the fact that it is provided only for stop signals and that it cannot have any effect at caution signals. This means that there is a range of speeds at the higher level which will be excluded from full protection.

Our

Approach

What we designed

Pair of IR Sensors detect the arrival and departure of train

Arduino controls the DC Motor at the crossing based on the output of IR Sensor

DC Motor opens and closes the gate according to the output from the Arduino

Hardware

Specifications

Brief about hardware

Arduino

The microcontroller

Arduino Uno Microcontroller based on ATmega328

5V Operating Voltage

Input Voltage 7 -12V

14 Digital I/O Pins

32 kB Flash Memory

1 kB EEPROM

16 MHz Clock Speed

IR Sensor

Infra Red transmitter and

receiver

Infra Red Sensor

Emits infrared signal and detect the reflection

Output goes low when signal is received

This serves as the input to the Arduino

DC Motor

Turn the gates

DC Motor Has stations sets of magnets in the stator

Works on attraction and repulsion of magnets

Direction of magnetic field can be changed

by changing direction of current

Speed of motor can be changed by

changing voltage applied to the armature

Conclusion

We concluded that Railway level Crossing

Gate motion can be automated with IR Sensor

The IR sensor sends Data to Arduino and

then Process it further for action

Simulation

See the project working