Australian secondary school students’ use of tobacco, alcohol, and over-the-counter and illicit...

Australian secondary school students’ use of tobacco, alcohol, and over-the-counter and illicit substances in 2008 Cancer Council Victoria

Graphs prepared by

Paul Dillon Drug and Alcohol Research and Training Australia

Based on the report prepared by Victoria White and Geoff Smith

Australian secondary school students’ use of tobacco, alcohol, and over-the-counter and illicit substances in 2008

Tobacco


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Male 86.7 83.7 75.4 66.8 59.8 55.2 72.7

Female 92.7 86 75.3 63.9 57.9 53.4 72.8

Total 89.6 84.8 75.3 65.4 58.8 54.3 72.8

12 years 13 years 14 years 15 years 16 years 17 years 12-17 years

Never smoked tobacco, Australian secondary school students, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Male 95.5 95.1 90.1 86 81.1 80.1 88.8

Female 98 94.4 88.3 81.7 80.9 79.4 87.7

Total 96.7 94.8 89.2 83.9 81 79.8 88.2


Percentage of students who describe themselves as a ‘non-smoker’, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Male 5.6 8.3 15.1 19.9 27 30.7 16.6

Female 3.3 8.5 16.9 26.3 30.3 32 18.6

Total 4.5 8.4 16 23 28.6 31.4 17.6


Smoked tobacco in past year, Australian secondary school students, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Male 0.3 0.8 3.2 4.8 7.9 9.8 4

Female 0 0.4 2.9 4.9 6.8 8.2 3.6

Total 0.2 0.6 3.1 4.8 7.4 9 3.8


Smoked 100+ cigarettes in lifetime, Australian secondary school students, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Male 0.9 1.5 4 4.8 7.4 9.3 4.2

Female 0.2 1.3 4.7 6.9 7.8 7.5 4.5

Total 0.6 1.4 4.3 5.8 7.6 8.4 4.4


Committed smokers (3+ days in past 7 days), Australian secondary school students, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%


Prevalence of smoking among 12-15 and 16-17 year olds, 1984-2008 1996-2008 ASSAD Surveys

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008

12-15 years

16-17 years

%

Among students, smoking decreased through the 1980s and then started to rise again in the 1990s. Smoking prevalence began to decrease after 1996 amongst the 12-15 year olds, and 1999 for the 16-17 year olds and this decline continues to 2008


Preferred brands by those students who smoked in the past week, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Winfield Peter J ackson Longbeach Horizon B&H Holiday Dunhill

12-15 year olds

16-17 year olds

%

In 2008, Winfield (42%) was the most popular cigarette brand among adolescent current smokers. Peter Jackson and Longbeach were both smoked by 13% of current smokers. Interestingly, in 2008, these three brands were all sold in packets of 20s and/or 25s


Percentage of current smokers who bought or did not buy their last cigarette, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

12-15 year olds 16-17 year olds

Did not buy

Bought cigarettes

%

Twenty per cent of current smokers bought their last cigarette themselves. Buying cigarettes was more common among current smokers aged 16 to 17 years than those aged 12 to 15 years


Alcohol


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Male 33.9 23.3 16.5 11.7 10 7.4 18

Female 35.2 26.9 16 8.9 7.8 7.5 17.7

Total 34.5 25.1 16.3 10.3 8.9 7.5 17.9


Never consumed alcohol, Australian secondary school students, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Male 84.1 77.2 60.2 47.7 34.4 27.4 57.7

Female 88.8 79 62.6 44.2 33.1 26.6 57.8

Total 86.4 78.1 61.3 46 33.7 27 57.7


Percentage of students who describe themselves as a ‘non-drinker’, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Male 15.3 20.8 34.1 45.9 58.5 66.3 37.7

Female 9.4 19.8 34.1 46.8 57.6 60.7 36.4

Total 12.4 20.3 34.1 46.3 58 63.4 37.1


Percentage of students who consumed alcohol in the past month, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Male 8.1 11.3 20.9 28.2 37.8 46.3 23.6

Female 5.7 11.5 20.8 26.5 34.1 36.9 21.6

Total 7 11.4 20.8 27.4 35.9 41.4 22.6


Percentage of students who consumed alcohol in past week (current drinker), 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Male 0.4 0.5 3.5 6.5 11.6 19.9 6

Female 0.1 1 5 7.8 12.8 16.9 6.6

Total 0.3 0.7 4.2 7.1 12.2 18.4 6.3


Percentage of ‘binge drinkers’ (males: 7+ drinks; females: 5+ drinks on one occasion), 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%


Drink types most commonly consumed by those who drank alcohol in the past week, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Beer Wine Premixed spirits Spirits

Males (12-15 years)

Females (12-15 years)

Males (16-17 years)

Females (16-17 years)

%

Not surprisingly, beer is more popular with young men than young women and the opposite is true for premixed spirits. However, the drink type consistently popular across all ages and genders is spirits


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Male 64.6 67 62.5 56.8 61.8 55 59.9

Female 64.3 63.7 60.2 55.1 59.3 57.8 58.8

Total 64.4 65.4 61.4 56 60.6 56.3 59.4


Percentage of current drinkers who consumed their last alcoholic drink under adult supervision, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Home 74.5 75.7 83.3 76.3 74.7 69 76.1

Party 50 63.1 48 50.4 54.9 58.6 54

Friend's home 38.6 53.7 52.9 46 52.7 45.6 48.8


Percentage of current drinkers drinking at home, at a party or at a friend’s house who consumed their last alcoholic drink under adult supervision, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%


Average number of drinks per week for current drinkers who drank their last drink at a party, according to source of alcohol, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

12-15 year olds 16-17 year olds

Parent

Friends

Someone else buys

Mea

n nu

mbe

r of

drin

ks

per

wee

k

Among 12-15 year olds, current drinkers consumed significantly fewer drinks per week when parents supplied the alcohol for the party than those current drinkers who obtained their alcohol for the party by getting someone else to buy it for them


Prevalence of risky drinking among 12-15 year old current drinkers, 1984-2008 1996-2008 ASSAD Surveys

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008

males females

%

The prevalence of risky drinking (defined as drinking more than 6 drinks for males and more than 4 for females) increased throughout the 1990s. The 2008 data suggests that there may be a ‘slowing down’ in the rate of increase but it is still much more prevalent than it was in the 1980s and early 90s


Prevalence of risky drinking among 16-17 year old current drinkers, 1984-2008 1996-2008 ASSAD Surveys

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

1984 1987 1990 1993 1996 1999 2002 2005 2008

males females

%

As for the 12-15 year olds, the prevalence of risky drinking has been increasing since 1984, although it would appear that the young men peaked in 1999. Young women’s rate of risky drinking increased sharply in the late 1990s and has leveled off in recent years


Over-the-counter and illicit substances


Prevalence (%) of lifetime drug use (excluding tobacco and alcohol) among 12-17 year old students, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Analgesics Tranquilisers Cannabis Inhalants Hallucinogens Amphetamines Steroids Opiates Cocaine Ecstasy

%


Prevalence (%) of 12-17 year old students who have never used drugs (excluding tobacco and alcohol), 20082008 ASSAD Survey

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


%


Prevalence (%) of past year drug use among 12-17 year old students, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


%


Prevalence (%) of no drug use in past year among 12-17 year old students, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100


%


Prevalence (%) of last year drug use among 12-17 year old students, 1996-20081996-2008 ASSAD Surveys

0

10

20

30

40

50

Cannabis Heroin Amphetamines Cocaine Ecstasy

1996 1999

2002 2005

2008

%

This graph reports the proportion of secondary school students in Australia who reported using a range of illicit drugs. No drugs appear to be significantly increasing in use. Ecstasy, however, has been steadily increasing in use since 1996, with 3.5% of 12-17 year old students using it in the past year in 2008


Prevalence (%) of 12-17 year old students who have not used, 1996-20081996-2008 ASSAD Surveys

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Cannabis Heroin Amphetamines Cocaine Ecstasy

1996 1999 2002

2005 2008

%

This graph reports the proportion of secondary school students in Australia who reported not using a range of illicit drugs. The vast majority of students report not using drugs, with the number of those not using cannabis increasing significantly


Cannabis


Lifetime cannabis use, Australian secondary school students, 1996-2008 1996-2008 ASSAD Surveys

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1996 13.3 21.7 34.3 44.7 49.6 55.4 36.4

1999 9.1 17 27.7 38.3 43.8 49.6 29.3

2002 6 10 23 32 37 42 25

2005 4.6 8.8 15.4 22.8 30 32.4 17.8

2008 3.2 5.5 11.3 17.7 22.9 26.2 13.6


%


Lifetime cannabis use, Australian secondary school students 12-17 years, 1996-2008 1996-2008 ASSAD Surveys

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1996 1999 2002 2005 2008

%


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Male 4.3 5.5 12.2 17.9 25.1 28.4 14.4

Female 2.1 5.7 10.4 17.6 20.7 24.2 12.7

Total 3.2 5.5 11.3 17.7 22.9 26.2 13.6


Lifetime cannabis use, Australian secondary school students, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Male 2.9 3.8 10.2 15.4 21.6 24 12

Female 1 4.5 8.8 15.6 18.3 19.4 10.7

Total 2 4.1 9.5 15.5 19.9 21.6 11.4


Used cannabis in past year, Australian secondary school students, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%Among the 11% of students who reported using cannabis in the previous year, 36% of males and 41% of females had used it only once or twice. Thirty four per cent of males and 25% of females, however, had used it on 10 or more occasions


Used cannabis in past week, Australian secondary school students, 2008 2008 ASSAD Survey

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Male 1 1.7 4.2 5.9 8.1 8.2 4.5

Female 0.3 1.2 2.4 4.3 4 3.2 2.5

Total 0.6 1.5 3.3 5.1 6 5.6 3.5


%


Cannabis use in past week, Australian secondary school students, 1996-2008 1996-2008 ASSAD Surveys

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1996 3.2 6.3 11.3 16 17.3 16.4 11.9

1999 2.2 4.7 9.5 11.3 11.7 11.5 8.2

2002 2.4 3.2 6.6 8.9 9.8 9.7 6.6

2005 1.1 2.4 4.7 5.9 5.9 5.9 4.2

2008 0.6 1.5 3.3 5.1 6 5.6 3.5


%


Ecstasy


Lifetime ecstasy use, Australian secondary school students, 1996-2008 1996-2008 ASSAD Surveys

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

1996 3 5 4

1999 3 6 4

2002 3.6 6.8 4.5

2005 3.1 6 3.9

2008 2.6 7.8 4.1

12-15 years 16-17 years 12-17 years

%


Lifetime ecstasy use, Australian secondary school students 12-17 years, 1996-2008 1996-2008 ASSAD Surveys

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

1996 1999 2002 2005 2008

%


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Male 0.8 1.6 2.6 4.5 6.5 9.2 3.8

Female 0.7 1.2 2.5 3.7 5.7 6.3 3.2

Total 0.8 1.4 2.6 4.1 6.1 7.7 3.5


Lifetime ecstasy use, Australian secondary school students, 20082008 ASSAD Survey

%

Australian secondary school students’ use of tobacco, alcohol, and over-the-counter and illicit...

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