AT&T 2018 Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions · AT&T 2018 Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Inventory...

AT&T 2018 GLOBAL

GREENHOUSE GAS

EMISSIONS INVENTORY & CALCULATION METHODS &

PROCEDURES

Michael J Carman [email protected]

Louis Christopher [email protected]

Stephanie Danca [email protected]

Jeff R Rodgers [email protected]

12 June 2019

[email protected]

Jeff R Rodgers

mailto:[email protected]

AT&T 2018 Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Inventory Methods & Procedures 1 Co-produced by AT&T and Schneider Electric for AT&T

Table of Contents Overview ......................................................................................................................................2

Protocol ................................................................................................................................................. 2

Organizational Boundary ....................................................................................................................... 2

Emission Sources ................................................................................................................................... 2

Greenhouse Gases ................................................................................................................................. 3

Emission Factors .................................................................................................................................... 3

AT&T Greenhouse Gas Emissions Graphical Results ............................................................5

Data Acquisition ..........................................................................................................................9

Source Description and Calculation Methodology ................................................................10

Electric Power ...................................................................................................................................... 10

Ground Fleet ........................................................................................................................................ 10

Refrigerants ......................................................................................................................................... 11

Natural Gas .......................................................................................................................................... 11

Engines (Stationary and Portable) ....................................................................................................... 12

Business Air Travel ............................................................................................................................... 12

Flight Operations ................................................................................................................................. 13

Purchased Steam ................................................................................................................................. 13

Business Rental Car Travel ................................................................................................................... 13

Diesel ................................................................................................................................................... 14

Number 2 Fuel Oil ................................................................................................................................ 14

Propane ............................................................................................................................................... 14

Gasoline ............................................................................................................................................... 15

Customer Product Electricity Use ........................................................................................................ 15

Appendix A: Emission Factor Summary ...............................................................................16

Appendix B: Summary of Methodology Sources ..................................................................17

Appendix C: Electric Power Emission Factors .....................................................................18

Appendix D: Breakdown of Emission Source by Pollutant – 2018 GHG Inventory .........21


Overview

The purpose of this document is to provide an overview of the processes and activities AT&T used to develop the company’s 2018 greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions inventory. The following document provides specific detail on the scope, standards, methodologies and results of AT&T’s 2018 inventory efforts.

1. PROTOCOL: AT&T used the fundamentals of The Greenhouse Gas Protocol, A Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard, Revised Edition by the World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Business Council for Sustainable Development (WBCSD). In addition, the protocol outlined by the EPA Climate Leaders program, which is founded on WRI principles, was applied to select emission sources to determine emissions.

2. ORGANIZATIONAL BOUNDARY: AT&T has chosen to utilize the Operational Control approach to consolidate GHG emissions. This approach includes any asset or facility in which AT&T has an operating interest in the inventory. For instance, we included both owned and leased assets in our real estate portfolio and mobile fleet in our inventory. We believe that omitting estimated emissions from leased assets would result in a materially incomplete measurement. AT&T chose to use this approach because it more accurately reflects all operations. However, because there are no uniform and mandatory standards for data acquisition and reporting at this point, it is important to note that AT&T’s emissions data cannot accurately be compared to other entities.

3. EMISSION SOURCES: The following sources within AT&T’s operational footprint were included in the 2018 Inventory:

• Scope 1 (Direct): o Diesel o Natural Gas o Renewable Natural Gas o Number 2 Fuel Oil o Propane o Ground Fleet, including fuels:

▪ Diesel ▪ Gasoline, Unleaded ▪ Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) ▪ Natural Gas, Compressed (CNG)

o Flight Operations o Engines (Stationary Generators), including fuels:

▪ Butane ▪ Diesel ▪ Ethylene ▪ Number 6 Fuel Oil ▪ Gasoline, Unleaded ▪ Kerosene ▪ Natural Gas ▪ Propane


o Engines (Portable Generators), including fuels: ▪ Diesel ▪ Gasoline, Unleaded ▪ Kerosene ▪ Natural Gas ▪ Propane

o Refrigerant

• Scope 2 (Indirect): o Purchased Electric Power o Purchased Steam o Natural Gas (Consumed by Fuel Cells)

• Scope 3 (Ancillary Indirect): o Business Air Travel o Business Rental Car Travel o Electricity Usage of Products (Set Top Boxes, Residential Gateways)

4. GREENHOUSE GASES The AT&T 2018 inventory includes measures of carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) methane (CH4) emissions, and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), and their carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-e).

5. EMISSION FACTORS: Consistent with prior inventories, AT&T has elected to utilize guidance from the EPA Climate Leaders for emissions calculations in preparing the 2018 GHG Inventory, along with published emission factors from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA, including the Mandatory Reporting Rule and Greenhouse Gas Sources & Sinks), the US Energy Information Administration (EIA), the International Energy Agency (IEA), and the Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA). The emission factors for each greenhouse gas (CO2, CH4, N2O, HFC) were taken from guidance documentation and multiplied by the respective global warming potential (GWP), as determined by the IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (AR4), to derive an emission factor in terms of carbon dioxide equivalents (CO2-e). Detailed references are listed in Appendix B.


AT&T’S 2018 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS GRAPHICAL RESULTS AT&T’S 2018 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY BY SCOPE:

Location-Based Market-Based

Scope mtons CO2-e % mtons CO2-e %

Total 11,965,404 100.00% 12,032,919 100.00%

Scope 1 1,019,696 9% 1,019,696 8%

Scope 2 6,662,164 55% 6,729,677 56%

Scope 3 4,283,546 36% 4,283,546 36%


AT&T 2018 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY, BY GEOGRAPHY (LOCATION-BASED):

US Only

Rest of World

Region US Only Rest of World

Scope mtons CO2-e mtons CO2-e

Scope 1 996,441 23,254

Scope 2 6,410,596 251,568

Scope 3 3,603,500 680,046

Total 11,010,537 954,868


AT&T 2018 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY, BY SOURCE (LOCATION-BASED):

Source mtons CO2-e %

Total (mtons CO2e) 11,965,405 100%

Electric Power (Location-based) 5,932,477 49.58%

Customer Product Electricity Use 4,216,923 35.24%

Ground Fleet 654,438 5.47%

Electric Power (Non-specific) 575,267 4.81%

Refrigerant 155,024 1.30%

Fuel Cell Electricity Generation 136,061 1.14%

Stationary Generators 95,199 0.80%

Natural Gas 82,568 0.69%

Air Travel 75,667 0.63%

Steam 18,359 0.15%

Rental Car 16,876 0.14%

Flight Ops 12,155 0.10%

Propane 6,193 0.05%

Diesel 6,076 0.05%

Portable Generators 5,714 0.05%

Number 2 Fuel Oil 2,324 0.02%

Gasoline 4 0.00%

Waste Diversion -25,920 -0.22%

Electric Power (Location-based)

Customer Product Electricity Use

Ground Fleet

Electric Power (Non-specific)

Refrigerant

Fuel Cell Electricity Generation

Stationary Generators

Natural Gas

Air Travel

Steam

Rental Car

Flight Ops

Propane

Diesel

Portable Generators

Number 2 Fuel Oil

Gasoline

Waste Diversion


AT&T’S 2018 GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS INVENTORY, BY POLLUTANT:

Source CO2-e CO2 CH4 N2O HFC

Total (mtons CO2e) 11,965,405 11,798,671 4,055 33,575 155,024

Electric Power Location-based 6,507,744 6,476,175 2,822 28,747 -

Customer Product Electricity Use

4,216,923 4,214,948 584.031 1,391.774 -

Ground Fleet 654,438 651,429 420.078 2,588.497 -

Refrigerant 155,024 - - - 155,024

Fuel Cell Electricity Use 136,061 136,061 0 0 -

Stationary Engines 95,199 94,880 96.057 223.112 -

Natural Gas 82,568 82,482 39 46 -

Air Travel 75,667 75,292 5.165 369.601 -

Steam 18,359 18,340 8.644 10.716 -

Rental Car 16,876 16,699 49.219 127.414 -

Flight Ops 12,155 12,113 12.734 29.618 -

Diesel 6,076 6,064 3.627 8.648 -

Propane 6,193 6,170 7.281 16.071 -

Portable Engines 5,714 5,695 5.737 13.386 -

Number 2 Fuel Oil 2,324 2,319 1.387 3.308

Gasoline 4 4 - - -

Waste Diversion (25,920) - - - -

CO298.46%

CH40.04%

N2O0.30%

HFC1.19%

CO2

CH4

N2O

HFC


Data Acquisition: The majority of AT&T’s emission source data is collected via enterprise data systems. For instance, the vast majority of AT&T utility bills are paid by a third-party bill payment service. This results in consolidated data collection and improved data accuracy because of the specialized and focused service of our vendor/partner. In addition, the vast majority of AT&T’s mobile fleet fuel purchases and miles driven are logged in a centralized fleet management platform, enabling accurate data collection for calculation of fleet emissions. Additional data systems, such as real estate portfolio systems, flight operations management systems, building and emergency engine inventory systems, and travel management systems were also utilized, as needed. However, there were some instances in which data estimations were required. Any estimations or assumptions have been documented in the sections below. As described throughout this document, AT&T has employed methodologies for acquiring data and reporting results that are intended to yield an accurate, detailed and fair representation of AT&T’s emissions. It is important to note, however, that in the absence of uniform and mandatory processes for data acquisition and reporting of emissions, comparing the results reported by AT&T and those reported by other entities may not yield an accurate comparison of emissions and operations. AT&T commits to continue to review and refine the data acquisition and reporting methodologies for future reports as appropriate to address further development of industry standards.


Source Description and Calculation Methodology A discussion of the emission sources included in AT&T’s 2018 inventory is below. Sources are listed in descending order of magnitude and methodology references are available in Appendix B.

1. ELECTRIC POWER Data Collection: Electric power is used to energize AT&T facilities and equipment. Actual electricity usage information was obtained from utility invoices, when available. In the case of international sites, actual consumption data is provided in the form of spreadsheet exports from AT&T’s database. However, for some facilities in which AT&T operates, no discrete bill or actual consumption data was available (e.g., a full-service leased facility in which utilities are a component of rent). In these instances, electricity consumption was estimated based on the square footage and type of space. AT&T evaluated the use of the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s Commercial Buildings Energy Consumption Survey (CBECS) intensity factors to estimate usage. However, because of the greater electricity intensity of some of AT&T’s technical spaces (e.g., telephone switching and data center space) we felt strongly that the CBECS estimate understated consumption for our technical spaces. So, we chose to develop specific intensity measures for these types of spaces. To develop these AT&T-specific intensities, we performed a comprehensive review of consumption data by facility type and square footage. We are confident that this exercise provides a more accurate representation of the consumption for those facilities at which consumption estimation was required.

Emission Factor: For facilities within the U.S. and its territories, AT&T utilized EPA eGRID 2016 (using 2016 data, issued February 2018) to calculate emissions from electricity consumption. For U.S. based facilities where zip code information was available, we utilized the zip codes’ corresponding eGRID Subregion emission factors for CO2, N2O, and CH4. If zip code was not known, we utilized state-based emissions factors. In the rare case where state information was not known, we used the standardized national emission factors for the U.S. for each pollutant. For facilities outside of the U.S., AT&T utilized International Energy Agency (IEA) data as per WRI / WBCSD GHG Protocol guidance (International Energy Agency Data Services "CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (2018 Edition – Year 2016 data)"). A detailed list of the emissions factors for purchased electric power can be found in Appendix C.

2. GROUND FLEET Data Collection: AT&T’s ground fleet is comprised of an assortment of vehicle types from passenger cars to heavy duty trucks. In the U.S., fuel consumption and mileage information is gathered via an enterprise fleet management system that allows AT&T to track fuel purchases for and miles driven by vehicles in the fleet. Fuel consumption data was used to estimate CO2 emissions. Mileage and vehicle type data were utilized to calculate CH4 and N2O emissions. For international based fleet vehicles, activity data was available and utilized for leased vehicles in 29 countries outside of the US. This activity was provided in annual miles or kilometers driven per vehicle. Manufacturers’ published figures for emissions in grams of CO2 per kilometer where then used to calculate CO2 emissions for the International Fleet. CH4 and N2O emissions were then calculated using the ratio of each pollutant to overall CO2e for the US dataset. Fuel types for domestic and international vehicles include diesel, gasoline, LPG, and CNG.


Emission Factor: Domestic Fleet:

• Utilized EPA (40 CFR Part 98) Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases, Final Rule, Tables C-1 and C-2 for fuel-specific CO2 emission factors. June 13, 2017. Final Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule.

• Derived CO2 equivalent (CO2-e) emission factors utilizing CH4 and N2O emission factors based on fuel type and model year

o EPA (2017) Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2015. All values are calculated from Tables A-104 through A-110.

International Fleet (Lease Reports)

• Utilized OEM published emission factors in g/km for international vehicles where mileage data is provided in lieu of fueling volumes

3. REFRIGERANTS Data Collection: Refrigerants are used in building cooling systems. The most commonly used refrigerant within AT&T’s portfolio is R22, which was not considered a GHG per the WRI GHG Protocol. However, a subset of cooling systems exists that makes use of HFC based refrigerants - primarily R134, R134a, and R410. In previous years, building inventory systems were analyzed to identify the total tonnage of HFCs in use and applied a standard loss rate. This loss rate (or refrigerant emitted) was used to derive an emissions rate per square foot for the subset of facilities where refrigerant capacity is tracked. This emissions rate was then scaled over the portfolio-wide square footage in order to estimate emissions inclusive of those facilities at which HVAC capacity is not tracked. For 2018, similar to the 2016 and 2017 inventory, an average emissions rate was calculated using data from 2013, 2014, and 2015, and the portfolio-wide square footage from 2018 in order to estimate emissions from refrigerant for the 2018 reporting year. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized 100-year GWPs from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (2007), as referenced by the U.S. EPA Center for Corporate Climate Leadership Guide "Direct Fugitive Emissions from Refrigeration, Air Conditioning, Fire Suppression, and Industrial Gases" (November 2014) for its global warming potential (GWP) source. Emission factors are based on each refrigerant’s GWP and standard equipment loss rate. The equivalent emission factor is based on a weighted GWP that takes into account the proportion of R134, R134a, and R410a used within the portfolio.

4. NATURAL GAS Data Collection: Natural gas is used within the AT&T portfolio for facility and equipment heating needs. Consumption data for natural gas was collected via utility invoices that were processed, verified and paid by a third-party bill payment vendor. In the case of international sites, actual consumption data is provided in the form of spreadsheet exports from AT&T’s database. Potential natural gas usage at leased assets where bills are not paid by AT&T were not estimated. Additionally, AT&T uses Natural Gas in its fleet of fuel cells, where that gas is chemically converted to electricity for AT&T facilities. In this case, however, the emissions associated with the chemical conversion are captured as Scope 2 (Electric Power), as per the GHG protocol. The emissions values used by AT&T for fuel cell electric power are provided by its fuel cell supplier for the reporting year.


Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA’s Mandatory Reporting Rule (40 CFR 98) Tables C-1 emission factors for natural gas.

5. ENGINES (STATIONARY AND PORTABLE GENERATORS) Data Collection: Engines and stationary generators are used to generate power on an emergency basis at AT&T facilities. These engines are engaged whenever the electricity grid is unavailable or whenever requested as part of a Demand Response program to support grid operations and prevent grid failure. Additionally, monthly maintenance runs occur to ensure each engine is operating properly. In the absence of runtime data captured by either the inventory or alarm system, runtime was calculated by assuming 30 minutes per month of runtime under load, with an accompanying 5 minutes on either side for warm-up and cool down (resulting in 8 hours runtime per generator per year). These maintenance runs account for the majority of emissions associated with these assets. AT&T also uses engines that power portable generators to support its operations for portable backup power, to power truck-mounted equipment, and for outside field use, such as pumping out manholes. In order to obtain activity-related data for this emissions source, several of AT&T’s internal databases for equipment inventories were used to compile an aggregate list of all stationary and portable engines, their engine characteristics, as well as run-time data, where available. In order to estimate the fuel usage that serves as the basis of our emissions estimate, we used engine runtime data (actual runtime data, where available, and average runtime estimates by state based off of known data sets when not available), in conjunction with engine horsepower capacity, to estimate fuel consumption used during maintenance runs. To estimate fuel usage based on engine runtime, AT&T utilized the guidance provided in Appendix 2, Table 1 of the Risk Management Guidance for the Permitting of New Stationary Diesel-Fueled Engines, developed by the California Environmental Protection Agency Air Resources Board in order to calculate fuel consumption per hour of runtime. This fuel consumption is then used to calculate emissions from stationary and portable generators utilizing fuel specific emissions factors as described below. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA’s Mandatory Reporting Rule (40 CFR 98) Tables C-1 and C-2 for fuel-specific CO2 emission factors (butane, diesel, ethylene, gasoline, kerosene, natural gas, number 6 fuel oil, and propane).

6. BUSINESS AIR TRAVEL Data Collection: Business travel on commercial airline carriers is considered a Scope 3 emissions stream. AT&T’s travel system captures the mileage flown by AT&T passengers on commercial airline jets. All business air travel including international flights was included. Emission Factor: Flight legs were categorized into domestic, short, and long hauls, and the specific emission factors for CO2, N2O, and CH4 were applied to each flight leg according to the Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA) 2018 UK Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting.


Table 1. Air Travel Emission Factors

7. FLIGHT OPERATIONS Data Collection: AT&T uses corporate jets to transport AT&T passengers for business travel and for network support operations in remote areas such as Alaska. The travel data, including flight leg miles flown and fuel consumption, are managed by a specific flight management system.

Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA’s Mandatory Reporting Rule (40 CFR 98) Tables C-1 and C-2, 2013 revisions, for fuel-specific CO2 emission factors.

8. PURCHASED STEAM Data Collection: Steam is primarily used within the AT&T portfolio for facility and equipment heating needs. Consumption data for steam was collected via utility invoices that were processed, verified and paid by a third-party bill payment vendor. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EIA Voluntary Reporting of Greenhouse Gases Appendix N. Emission Factors for Steam and Chilled Water (Form EIA-1605) for emission factors related to its steam consumption throughout the portfolio.

9. BUSINESS RENTAL CAR TRAVEL Data Collection: Business rental car travel via commercial vendors is considered a Scope 3 emissions stream. To estimate this emission source, AT&T engaged its primary rental car vendors to gather mileage driven by car class for AT&T passengers. Mileage for each vendor AT&T utilizes, both domestically and abroad, are collected as part of the source data set and average fuel economy per vehicle class is used to derive fuel consumption across the rental activity data. Calculations of CO2 are made based off of this fuel consumption data, while CH4 and N2O are calculated from mileage-based emission factors.

Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA’s Mandatory Reporting Rule (40 CFR 98) Tables C-1 and C-2, 2013 revisions, for fuel-specific CO2 emission factors. In order to calculate N2O and CH4 emissions, vehicle miles were assigned car or light-duty truck classifications, and the appropriate emission factors were applied based on EPA’s Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2013, EPA 430-R-13-001. Table A-104.


10. DIESEL Data Collection: Diesel is primarily used within the AT&T portfolio for facility and equipment heating needs as a stationary fuel. Diesel is also used in mobile generators and ground fleet. Consumption data for Diesel was collected via utility invoices that were processed, verified and paid by a third-party bill payment vendor. Additional diesel data was provided with the generator and fleet vehicle records. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA’s Mandatory Reporting Rule (40 CFR 98) Tables C-1 and C-2, 2013 revisions, for Diesel.

11. NUMBER 2 FUEL OIL Data Collection: Number 2 Fuel Oil is primarily used within the AT&T portfolio for facility and equipment heating needs as a stationary fuel. Consumption data for Number 2 Fuel Oil was collected via utility invoices that were processed, verified and paid by a third-party bill payment vendor. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA’s Mandatory Reporting Rule (40 CFR 98) Tables C-1 and C-2, 2013 revisions, for distillate fuel oil #2.

12. PROPANE Data Collection: Propane is primarily used within the AT&T portfolio for facility and equipment heating needs and for on-site fork trucks. In addition, handheld propane is used in the field for operational needs. The bulk of propane usage information was obtained from utility invoices from AT&T’s third-party bill payment service provider. In addition, propane consumption used for field operations was estimated based on average consumption per technician, based on a sampling of usage data from several locations across the country. This figure was calculated for 2018 based upon the population of employees (from the C&E and Technical Field services (TFS, previously IEFS) organizations) that would be expected to use handheld propane in the course of their work. This headcount figure is multiplied by an estimate of annual pounds of propane use per employee, which is then converted to gallons of propane. The emissions reported for 2018 include both the handheld propane estimate and the billed usage from facilities. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA’s Mandatory Reporting Rule (40 CFR 98) Tables C-1, 2013 revisions, for propane.


13. GASOLINE Data Collection: Gasoline, as a separately tracked source, is available from the Latin America (LATAM) portfolio. It is primarily used for facility generators as well as other motor vehicles not already captured. Emission Factor: AT&T utilized EPA’s Mandatory Reporting Rule (40 CFR 98) Tables C-1, 2013 revisions, for gasoline.

14. CUSTOMER PRODUCT ELECTRICITY USE Data Collection: Customer Product Electricity Use includes customer premises devices that enable AT&T service delivery. The included devices in this category are:

• Residential Gateways (RG): Device provides network access between local area network (LAN) hosts to a wide area network (WAN) via a modem

• Set top boxes (STB): Devices which are information appliances from DIRECTV and Uverse that provide network television signals and recording features to a user’s television set or other display device

Energy consumption per device is based on the tested kWh consumption for each device and the average use time of the device (by type) over the course of a year. This consumption total was then multiplied by the number of devices sold and/or leased to customers in the US and Latin America. The respective emission factor, based on US National Average in the US, and based on Country in Latin America, was assigned to calculate the associated Scope 3 emissions from STB product usage. Emission Factor: For STBs leased and/or sold within the U.S. and its territories, AT&T utilized EPA eGRID 2016 (using 2016 data, issued February 2018) based on US National Average to calculate emissions from STB electricity consumption. For STBs leased and/or sold within Latin America, AT&T utilized International Energy Agency (IEA) data as per WRI / WBCSD GHG Protocol guidance (International Energy Agency Data Services "CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (2018 Edition – Year 2016 data)"). A detailed list of the emissions factors for purchased electric power can be found in Appendix C.


Appendix A: Emission Factor Summary

Scope Source CO2 Units CH4 Units N2O Units

1 Natural Gas 53.06 kg CO2/MMBtu 1.0 g CH4/MMBtu 0.10 g N2O/MMBtu

1 Propane 62.87 kg CO2/MMBtu 3.0 g CH4/MMBtu 0.60 g N2O/MMBtu

1 Diesel 73.96 kg CO2/MMBtu 3.0 g CH4/MMBtu 0.60 g N2O/MMBtu

1 Number 2 Fuel Oil 73.96 kg CO2/MMBtu 3.0 g CH4/MMBtu 0.60 g N2O/MMBtu

1 Engines (Stationary) Due to multiple fuel types, consult Methodology Discussion for Emission Factor details.

1 Portable Generators Due to multiple fuel types, consult Methodology Discussion for Emission Factor details.

1 Flight Ops 72.22 kg CO2/MMBtu 3.0 g CH4/MMBtu 0.60 g N2O/MMBtu

1 Ground Fleet Due to multiple fuel types, consult Methodology Discussion for Emission Factor details.

1 Refrigerant Leakage rate of 15% and weighted refrigerant-specific GWP

2 Electric Power See Appendix C for Electric Power Emission Factors

2 Steam 88.18 kg CO2 /MMBtu 8.169 g CH4/MMBtu 0.603 g N2O/MMBtu

3 Business Air Travel Due to varying EFs based on flight length, consult Methodology Discussion for Emission Factor details.

3 Business Rental Car Travel Due to multiple fuel types, consult Methodology Discussion for Emission Factor details.

3 Customer Product Electricity Use See Appendix C for Electric Power Emission Factors


Appendix B: Summary of Methodology Sources

Source Reporting Protocol and Reference Table # Reference Link

Electric Power EPA Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database; eGRID 2016,

February 2018 eGRID subregion year 2016

data LINK

Electric Power International Energy Agency (IEA) CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion,

2018 Edition Table II.64 CO2 emissions

per kWh LINK

Natural Gas EPA 40 CFR Part 98, 2017 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule Table C-1 and Table C-2 LINK

Propane EPA 40 CFR Part 98, 2017 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule Table C-1 and Table C-2 LINK

Diesel EPA 40 CFR Part 98, 2017 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule Table C-1 and Table C-2 LINK

Number 2 Fuel Oil EPA 40 CFR Part 98, 2017 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule Table C-1 and Table C-2 LINK

Steam US EIA Emission Factors for Steam and Chilled Water Appendix N LINK

Stationary Engines

EPA 40 CFR Part 98, 2013 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule Table C-1 and Table C-2 LINK

Flight Ops EPA 40 CFR Part 98, 2017 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule Table C-1 and Table C-2 LINK

Ground Fleet EPA 40 CFR Part 98, 2017 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule Table C-1 and Table C-2 LINK

Ground Fleet EPA; Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2015

(CH4 and N2O only) Table 3-13 and Table 3-14 LINK

Portable Generators

EPA 40 CFR Part 98, 2017 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule Table C-1 and Table C-2 LINK

Refrigerant IPCC; 100-year GWPs from Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

(IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (2007) Table 1 and Table 2 LINK

Air Travel Department for Environment Food & Rural Affairs (DEFRA), 2018 UK

Government GHG Conversion Factors for Company Reporting N/A LINK

Rental Car EPA 40 CFR Part 98, 2017 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule Table C-1 and Table C-2 LINK

Rental Car EPA; Inventory of U.S. Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2015

(CH4 and N2O only) Table 3-13 and Table 3-14 LINK

Consumer Product Electricity

Use (US)

EPA Emissions & Generation Resource Integrated Database; eGRID2016, February 2018 (emission factors by State)

eGRID National Average, year 2016 data

LINK

Consumer Product Electricity

Use (Non-US)

International Energy Agency (IEA) CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion, 2018 Edition

Table II.64 CO2 emissions per kWh

LINK

https://www.epa.gov/energy/emissions-generation-resource-integrated-database-egrid

https://webstore.iea.org/co2-emissions-from-fuel-combustion-2018

https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/FR-2013-11-29/pdf/2013-27996.pdf




https://www.eia.gov/survey/form/eia_1605/pdf/Appendix%20N_20110128.pdf




https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/Downloads/ghgemissions/US-GHG-Inventory-2015-Main-Text.pdf


https://www.ipcc.ch/index.htm

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/greenhouse-gas-reporting-conversion-factors-2018


https://www3.epa.gov/climatechange/Downloads/ghgemissions/US-GHG-Inventory-2015-Main-Text.pdf

https://www.epa.gov/energy/emissions-generation-resource-integrated-database-egrid

http://www.iea.org/bookshop/729-CO2_Emissions_from_Fuel_Combustion


Appendix C: Electric Power Emission Factors Source: USEPA’s eGRID 2016 (released February 2018): https://www.epa.gov/energy/egrid

https://www.epa.gov/energy/egrid


Source: “CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion (2018 Edition)”, International Energy Agency, Paris. Dataset: 2016 Data https://webstore.iea.org/co2-emissions-from-fuel-combustion-2018

Region/Country/Economy CO2

(g/kWh) CH4

(g/kWh) N2O

(g/kWh)

Non-OECD Americas 341.7 0.016 0.00268

China (including Hong Kong, China) 734.8 0.008 0.0094

Argentina 376 0.012 0.00201

Australia 758.7 0.008 0.01007

Austria 150.9 0.012 0.00201

Bahrain 704.6 0.012 0.00134

Belgium 171.8 0.02 0.00268

Brazil 120 0.004 0.00067

Bulgaria 471.7 0.004 0.00671

Canada 149.5 0.008 0.00235

Chile 442.8 0.008 0.0057

People's Republic of China 626.7 0.012 0.01007

Colombia 220.2 0.012 0.00268

Costa Rica 12 - -

Croatia 229.5 0.004 0.00302

Cyprus 657.6 0.024 0.00503

Czech Republic 530.2 0.004 0.00738

Denmark 206.6 0.004 0.00336

Dominican Republic 598.5 0.02 0.00537

Ecuador 279.5 0.024 0.00369

Egypt 459.5 0.012 0.00168

El Salvador 262.6 0.068 0.0094

Finland 116.6 0.008 0.00201

France 52.3 0.004 0.00067

Germany 446.7 0.012 0.00671

Greece 520.3 0.008 0.00604

Guatemala 407.7 0.208 0.03289

Hungary 272.5 0.016 0.0047

India 725.8 0.028 0.01376

Indonesia 729.1 0.012 0.0094

Ireland 413.4 0.012 0.00436

Israel 566.2 0.008 0.0057

Italy 330.6 0.016 0.00336

https://webstore.iea.org/co2-emissions-from-fuel-combustion-2018


Region/Country/Economy CO2

(g/kWh) CH4

(g/kWh) N2O

(g/kWh)

Japan 543.8 0.016 0.0057

Luxembourg 205.2 0.056 0.00738

Malaysia 654.9 0.012 0.00772

Mexico 464.3 0.016 0.00369

Morocco 680.9 0.008 0.00906

Netherlands 464.2 0.016 0.00537

New Zealand 104.7 - 0.00034

Norway 8 - -

Pakistan 391.8 0.016 0.00235

Panama 241.1 0.016 0.00369

Paraguay 0.1 - -

Peru 263.9 0.008 0.00168

Philippines 606.7 0.012 0.00872

Poland 719.6 0.012 0.01107

Portugal 286.7 0.016 0.0047

Qatar 486.4 0.008 0.00101

Romania 320.6 0.004 0.00403

Russian Federation 357.8 0.008 0.00268

Saudi Arabia 713.6 0.02 0.00369

Singapore 393.6 0.024 0.00336

Slovak Republic 157.8 0.004 0.00201

Slovenia 258.7 0.004 0.00369

South Africa 945.2 0.012 0.0151

South Korea 521.4 0.008 0.00638

Spain 245.8 0.012 0.00336

Sweden 12.2 - 0.00034

Switzerland 27.9 0.008 0.00101

Chinese Taipei 587 0.016 0.00772

Thailand 477.2 0.072 0.01208

Turkey 464.5 0.004 0.00503

United Arab Emirates 660.8 0.012 0.00134

United Kingdom 278.2 0.024 0.00436

Uruguay 26.2 0.012 0.00168

Venezuela 301.1 0.008 0.00134

Viet Nam 448.6 0.004 0.00537


Appendix D: Breakdown of Emissions by Source and Pollutant - 2018 GHG Inventory

Select EP Base --> Location CO2 CH4 N2O HFC

Scope 2018 Emission Source

Check

mt CO2e

Total

mt CO2e mt CO2e mt CO2 % of CO2e mt CO2e mt CH4 % of CO2e mt CO2e mt N2O % of CO2e mt CO2e mt HFC % of CO2e

1 Ground Fleet 654,438 654,438 651,429 651,429 99.5% 420.078 16.803 0.06% 2,588.497 8.686 0.40%

1 Refrigerant 155,024 155,024 0.0% 0.0% - 155,024 155,024 1

1 Stationary Engines 95,199 95,199 94,880 94,880 99.7% 96.057 3.842 0.10% 223.112 0.749 0.23%

1 Natural Gas 82,568 82,568 82,482 82,482 99.9% 39 1.555 0.05% 46 0.155 0.06%

1 Flight Ops 12,155 12,155 12,113 12,113 99.7% 12.734 0.509 0.10% 29.618 0.099 0.24%

1 Propane 6,193 6,193 6,170 6,170 99.6% 7.281 0.291 0.12% 16.071 0.054 0.26%

1 Diesel 6,076 6,076 6,064 6,064 99.8% 3.627 0.145 0.06% 8.648 0.029 0.14%

1 Portable Engines 5,714 5,714 5,695 5,695 99.7% 5.737 0.229 0.10% 13.386 0.045 0.23%

1 #2 Fuel Oil 2,324 2,324 2,319 2,319 99.8% 1.387 0.055 0.06% 3.308 0.011 0.14%

1 Gasoline 4 4 4 4 100.0% - 0.00% - 0.00%

1 LPG - - - - 0.0% - - 0.00% - - 0.00%

2 Electric Power Market-based 6,575,257 6,575,257 6,543,361 6,543,361 99.5% 2,851.537 114.061 0.04% 29,045.053 97.467 0.44%

2 Electric Power Location-based 6,507,744 6,507,744 6,476,175 6,476,175 99.5% 2,822.258 112.890 0.04% 28,746.823 96.466 0.44%

2 Fuel Cell Electricity Use 136,061 136,061 136,061 136,061 100.0% - - 0.00% - - 0.00%

2 Steam 18,359 18,359 18,340 18,340 99.9% 8.644 0.346 0.05% 10.716 0.036 0.06%

3 Customer Product Electricity Use 4,216,923 4,216,923 4,214,948 4,214,948 100.0% 584.031 23.361 0.01% 1,391.774 4.670 0.03%

3 Air Travel 75,667 75,667 75,292 75,292 99.5% 5.165 0.207 0.01% 369.601 1.240 0.49%

3 Rental Car 16,876 16,876 16,699 16,699 99.0% 49.219 1.969 0.29% 127.414 0.428 0.75%

3 Waste Diversion (25,920) (25,920) (25,920)

Location-based Total 11,965,405 11,965,405 11,772,751 4,055 33,575 155,024

1 Scope 1 Total 1,019,696 1,019,695 861,156 586 2,929 155,024

2 Scope 2 Total 6,662,164 6,662,164 6,630,575 2,831 28,758 -

3 Scope 3 Total 4,283,546 4,283,546 4,281,019 638 1,889 -

AT&T 2018 Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions · AT&T 2018 Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Inventory...

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