Atm 1204-Chapter 2[Aerodrome Control]

8/13/2019 Atm 1204-Chapter 2[Aerodrome Control]

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Recite a prayer(15 seconds)


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ATM TOPIC

1. INTRODUCTION TO AIR TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT,TYPE OFCONTROL AREAS & FLIGHT PLAN

2. AERODROME CONTROL

3. AREA CONTROL

4. APPROACH CONTROL

--------------------------------------mid-term test------------------------------

5. FLIGHT RULES IFR

6. VISUAL FLIGHT RULE-VFR

7. RADIO TELEPHONY COMMUNICATION

8. THE LET DOWN PROCEDURE-------------------------------------Final exam-----------------------------------


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Course Outcomes ATMBy the end of this subject, student should be able to:

Know the basic responsibilities of Air Traffic control .the Air trafficservices provided and the flight plan.

Know the function and responsibility of aerodrome control Know the function and responsibility of area control

Know the function and responsibility of approach control

Know the objective and function of instrument flight rules

Know the objective and function of visual flight rules

Know Importance of radio telephony communication

Understanding and able to describe the letdown procedure


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Sub-topic for this Chapter1. Air Traffic Control Unit

2. Aerodrome Control

3. Area of Aerodrome controller responsibility

4. AERODROME CONTROL-RUNWAY IN USE

5. RULES AND PROCEDUR FOR NOTIFIED AERODROME TRAFFICZONE

6. Aircraft Priority

7. Control of circuit air traffic

8. Clearance-instruction


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Chapter 2: Air Traffic Control Unit

Air trafficservice

Air TrafficControl Unit

Aerodromecontroller

AreaController

Flightinformation

service

AlertingSystem

Approachcontroller


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FLIGHT INFORMATION SERVICE~~ is a service provided for the purpose ofgiving advice and information useful for the

safe and efficient conduct of flights. ~~

Example:

Meteorological information

Information on aerodromes

Information on possible hazards to flight

* (ICAO Annex 2: Rules of the Air ICAO)

*(ICAO Annex 11: Air Traffic Services)


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ALERTING SERVICE~~A service provided to notify appropriate

organizations regarding aircraft in need of searchand rescue aid, and assist such organizations as

required ~~

Example : Aircraft in distressMayday , mayday ,Mayday.


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Chapter 2: Air Traffic Control Unit

Air trafficservice

Air TrafficControl Unit

Aerodromecontroller

AreaController

Flightinformation

service

AlertingSystem

Approachcontroller


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Chapter 2: Air Traffic Control UnitTheAir Traffic Control Unitthat is typically responsible

for:

1. Aerodrome Control Service is called theAerodrome

Control Tower (TWR)2. Approach Control Service is called theApproachControl Unit (APP)

3. Area Control Service is called theArea Control

Center (ACC) or Upper Area Control Center (UAC)


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Sub-topic for this Chapter1. Air Traffic Control Unit

2. Aerodrome Control








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Chapter 2:

Aerodrome Control


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CHAPTER 2:

AERODROME CONTROL

What is the aerodrome control?

~~ Aerodrome is a defined area on land or waterincluding any building, equipment and

installations, intended to be used eitherwholly or in part for the arrival, departure and

surface movement of aircraft.~~


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CHAPTER 2:

AERODROME CONTROL

Or other word

1. Services provided all f light in the vicinity of an operating control tower~~

2. Aerodrome or Tower controllers control aircraft within the immediatevicinity of the airport and use visual observation from the airport tower.

3. The tower's airspace is often a 5-nautical-mile (9.3 km) radius around theairport, but can vary greatly in size and shape depending on traffic

configuration and volume.4. Visually sighted by the Aerodrome controllers

5. Cover from 3000 ft until 9000 ft


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Sub-topic for this Chapter

1. Air Traffic Control Unit2. Aerodrome Control








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Chapter 2:Area of Aerodrome controller responsibility

Area of aerodromecontroller

responsibility

Ground controlAir Control

Clearance delivery


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responsibility


Clearance delivery


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Ground control :

1.Responsible for the airport "movement" areas. These include all taxiways,holding areas, and some maneuvering areas or intersections where aircraftarrive after having left the runway or the departure gates.

2.Responsible for the aircraft operating on the maneuvering area.

3. Aircraft and vehicles changing their position within these movementareas, are required to have clearance from the aerodrome controller. Thisis normally done via radio contact, but there may be special circumstances

where other methods are used, such as communication through visual signals.


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responsibility


Clearance delivery


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Air control :

1. Responsibility to expedite aircraft flying in the aerodrome traffic circuit at an aerodrome(vicinity of the airport). He clears aircraft for take-off or landing, thereby ensuring that theassigned runway is clear for the foreseen maneuver.

2.Responsible to covers the airport and in which he ensures the safety of the approachingor departing aircraft by giving adequate instructions. If the air controller detects potentially

unsafe conditions, he can tell the pilot of an aircraft in landing phase to go around or even order anaircraft to abort departure.

3. Highly disciplined communication and collaboration process between air and groundcontrollers is an absolute necessity. But the co-ordination with other air traffic controllers doesnot stop there: it is also advisable to co-ordinate with the radar controllers the distances separatingapproaching aircraft in view of creating the necessary distance for aircraft taking off or for crossing

the runway.


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responsibility


Clearance delivery


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Departure clearance (or clearance delivery) :

What is the definition of clearance?

~~Authorization for an aircraft to proceed under conditions specified by anair traffic control unit ~~

Example : movement of a/c , taxiing , departure , to land.

1.Responsibility of the clearance delivery position is to ensure that theaircraft receives the proper route and slot for take-off. This information istransmitted to the ground controller in order to ensure the aircraft reaches therunway within the time limits .


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CHAPTER 2:

AERODROME CONTROL


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Sub-topic for this Chapter1. Air Traffic Control Unit2. Aerodrome Control








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CHAPTER 2:

AERODROME CONTROL-RUNWAY IN USE

Runway-in-use

~~to indicate the runway which consider by controllers tobe most suitable for use by a/c expected to land or take

off at the aerodrome~~


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CHAPTER 2:

AERODROME CONTROL-RUNWAY IN USE

To active Runway to be use at that particular time falls on theAerodrome controller who determines by:

A/C TYPE (Boeing, airbus ,Cessna , light a/c)

EFFECTIVE LENGTH OF THE RUNWAY(big a/c need longrunway)

THE WIND DIRECTION/VELOCITY AS A/C WILL LANDAND TAKE-OFF INTO THE WIND.(headwind/tailwind)

WEATHER PHENOMENA(wind shear/storm/snow )

AVAILABLE OF APPROACH AIDS(DMS,ILS,NDB)

DISPOSITION OF OTHER TRAFFIC(other a/c movement)

TAXIING DISTANCE(move slowly on the ground/speed)
http://localhost/var/www/apps/conversion/tmp/scratch_1/TOP%20TEN%20Crosswind%20and%20Scary%20Aircraft%20Landings.flv


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Aerodrome ControlWhich Runway To Use

Are the runways and taxiways clear for landing & takeoff


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What is the direction of wind??


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8. Essential local traffic



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CHAPTER 2:

RULES AND PROCEDUR FOR NOTIFIED AERODROME TRAFFIC ZONE

1.As per prescribe in the (CAR)Civil Aviation Regulations 1996 and (AIP)Aeronautical Information Publication~~

2.The ATS service provided are in accordance with the provisions subscribe in the(SARPS) and ICAO Annexes and document as follow:

1. Annex 2-Rules of the Air2. Annex 11-Air traffic Services

3. Annex 12-Search and Rescue(SAR)

4. Annex 15-Aeronautical information Services(AIS)

5. DOC 4444-procedures for Air Navigation Services-rules of the air services.

6. Doc 8168-procedures for air navigation services-Aircraft operation


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CHAPTER 2: Aircraft Priority~~What the condition of an Aircraft to give them the

priority during take-off and landing???~~

~~Who has the priority?~~


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CHAPTER 2: Aircraft Priority

All a/c landing or the final stage of approach to land shallnormally have priority over an aircraft intending to depart.

Departing a/c shall be cleared in order which they are ready

for take off.

Bad weather

A/c emergency-(insufficient fuel, engine break down, systemequipment failure)


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CHAPTER 2: Aircraft Priority

Two states of emergency

a) Distress:

A condition of being threatened by serious and/or imminent danger

and of requiring immediate assistance.Examples : ditching, crash landing imminent, total engine failure...

b) Urgency:

A condition concerning the safety of an aircraft or some persons on

board but which does not required immediate assistance.Examples : lost, fuel shortage, partial engine failure, navigation

system failure...


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United Airlines DC-8

Flight 173 December 28, 1978

46

The plane ran out of fuel and crashed, killing 10.


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CHAPTER 2:Control of Circuit Air TrafficAerodrome controller shall provide specific ATC

instruction at various position to the aircraft under hiscontrol.


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CHAPTER 2:Control of Circuit Air Traffic


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~~a set procedures for use in airports allowing for a smoothflow of traffic in and out of an airport. The traffic circuitconsists of six parts~~

The Upwind Legis the flight path parallel to the landingrunway, in the direction of intended landing.

The Crosswind Legis the f light path at right angles to the

landing runway, off its takeoff end.

The Downwind Legis the flight path parallel to the landingrunway opposite the direction of intended landing.


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Why an ATC must know the circuit of air traffic??

Due to the restricted space on and around maneuveringareas and the pilot limited view from the flight deck.

It is essential that controllers pass traffic information to aidpilot to avoid collision with other a/c and vehicle orobstruction on the ground.

Else:

To control the a/c in the vicinity of the aerodrome To handle a/c , vehicles or personnel maneuvering areas

To control a/c moving on the apron


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7. EFFECTING COORDINATION WITH VARIOUS UNIT ANDAUTHORITIES

8. Control of circuit air traffic9. Clearance-instruction


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Chapter 2:Clearance-instruction

~~A clearance is an authorization that allows a pilot to dosomething with the movement of the a/c~~

Example:

"Cleared FL110" means that FL110 is available and thatthe pilot MAY start his descent NOW.


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~~Depending on the phase of flight it relates to, aclearance can be called either a:~~

taxi clearance

take-off clearance

departure clearance

en-route clearance

approach clearance landing clearance


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When issuing clearance controllers shall that the clearance:1. Will ensure separation between a/c in accordance with

approved standards.

2. Regulates traffic to minimize conflict.

3. Will keep the aircraft within controlled airspace and ifappropriate within their area of responsibility.

4. Take into consideration possible diversions around hazardousweather.

5. Ensures terrain clearance if the a/c is under radar vector.


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Clearance contentAn air traffic control clearance shall contain:1. a/c identification

2.The clearance limit3. The flight route

4. Assigned level


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Chapter 2:Clearance-instruction~~Who issues clearances and instructions?~~ Given by theAir Traffic Controller who controls the airspace in

which the aircraft is flying or about to fly in. They are given to preventcollision between aircraft within controlled airspace.

Clearances and instructions shall be given according to the trafficsituation BUT aircraft in a declared emergency(engine problems, fuelshortage, seriously ill passenger,...) have priority over other flights!

Pilots always need a clearance BEFOREstarting a flight in or throughcontrolled airspace.


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~~How to obtain a clearance?~~

A clearance shall be requested by FIRST filing a Flight Plan(FPL) BEFORE contacting ATC.

A pilot may:

-request another clearance if the previous one is not suitable

-refuse a clearance, if it is dangerous for the safety of his flight


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Chapter 2:Clearance-instructionATC MUST:advise the pilot if traffic conditions do not permit

to follow his request for another route or level

AND

offer an alternative clearance or instruction if apilot is not able to comply with the route or levelhe received


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Chapter 2:Clearance-instructionATC MAY NEVER:

1.Refuse a clearance for any other reason than to prevent

collisions

2.Give a clearance which violates any rules or regulations


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Readback

~~A READBACK means that the PILOT REPEATS the

clearance or instruction that he received fromATC~~

~~It is important to note that the clearance does notbecome a clearance until the pilot has READ BACK

THAT CLEARANCE TO THE CONTROLLER~~


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Chapter 2:Clearance-instructionWhat's the use?

1. ATC SHOULD ALWAYS LISTEN to the readbackfrom the pilot to make sure that his clearance or

instruction has been correctly understood.2. If a readback is NOT CORRECT, ATC MUSTimmediately repeat the clearance or instructionand check the pilot's readback again. Should the

controller fail to do so, then he will get the blamewhen things go wrong (not the pilot!!).
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Atm 1204-Chapter 2[Aerodrome Control]

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