ATFM Delays in Europe - EUROCONTROL | …and London Heathrow. The London Olympics 2012 started on...

Delays decreased in Summer 2012, with airline delay data for all causes showing an average delay per delayed flight of 26 minutes, this was a decrease of 8% in comparison to the delays observed in Summer 2011.

Delays decreased in Summer 2012, with airline delay data for all causes showing an average delay per delayed flight of 26 minutes, this was a decrease of 8% in comparison to the delays observed in Summer 2011.

Digest – Delays to Air Transport in Europe Summer 2012

FOREWORD

This report gives an overview of the delay situation in the European Civil Aviation Conference Area. This report has been prepared by the Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA), a service of EUROCONTROL. It is based on the EUROCONTROL CODA database which contains delay data provided directly by airlines.

The report consists of an overview of the reporting period, a summary of the main delay effects, and a series of charts and graphics, which illustrate the main characteristics of the reporting period. A glossary of terms and abbreviations used throughout the report is given in Annex E.

Airline data from the CODA database contains real recorded delays provided to CODA by airlines and is based on the difference between scheduled time of departure and actual off block time.

This report discusses delays from all-causes; for information regarding ATFCM delays see the complementary reports available at http://www.eurocontrol.int/articles/network-operations-monitoring-and-reporting

Table of Contents

1. Headlines and Overview. ........................................................................................................................ 3

2. All-Causes Departure Delay Summary ................................................................................................... 7

3. All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary ...................................................................................................... 11

4. Summary of Significant Events in Summer 2012. ................................................................................. 13

5. Scheduling Indicators............................................................................................................................ 13

A. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators............................................................................ 16

B. Busiest Airport pairs .............................................................................................................................. 17

C. All-causes departure delay by hour....................................................................................................... 18

D. Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure Airports ................. 19

E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................... 20

F. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)................................................................................................ 21

G. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731) ........................................................................................ 23

H. Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the CFMU Reasons for Regulation ................................. 24

I. Summer 2012 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region. .......................................... 25

© 2012 European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation (EUROCONTROL)

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The Central Office for Delay Analysis (CODA) is ISO 9001:2008 certified. Tel: + 32-2 729 33 91 Fax : + 32-2 729 90 04 E-Mail : [email protected] Web Site: http://www.eurocontrol.int/coda

Date of publication of this issue: 30/11/2012

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1. Headlines and Overview.

Summer 2012 (May – September) saw an improvement in overall levels of delay with average delays decreasing to a level similar to that observed in the summer of 2009.

The average delay per delayed flight (ADD) for departure traffic from all-causes of delay was 26 minutes, this was a decrease of 8%, in comparison to 2011.

The percentage of flights delayed on departure (by 5 minutes or more) decreased by 3 percentage points to 36%, in comparison to 2011.

The percentage of flights delayed by more than 15 minutes on departure decreased from 19% to 16%.

The average delay per delayed flight for arrival traffic from all-causes of delay was 27 minutes, this was a decrease of 7%.

The percentage of flights delayed on arrival (by 5 minutes or more) decreased by 4 percentage points to 34%.

Figure 1. Average Delay per Delayed Departure and Percentage of Delayed Departures Comparison

Figure 2. Average Delay per Delayed Arrival and Percentage of Delayed Arrivals Comparison

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Summer 2012 Overview

Summer 2012 saw an overall improvement in the all-causes delay situation in comparison to Summer 2011, with a month on month trend of lower average delays per flight during the summer season being observed. This resulted in the lowest monthly average delays for 5 years and similar to those seen in 2009. An overview of 2012 and previous years can be found in (Annex A)

May 2012:

Saw the start in the trend of lower delays. Airport related delays were seen particularly at Istanbul Ataturk caused by cross wind, heavy rain and increase in traffic. ATFM en-route delays decreased despite industrial actions in Portugal on 11th, 17th, 18th, 24th and 25th May with Lisbon seeing an increase in delays on these days. Weather conditions such as thunderstorms, heavy rain and low visibility affected operations in Heathrow, Stockholm, Frankfurt, Brussels, Amsterdam, Zurich and Paris airports.

June 2012:

EURO 2012 took place in Poland and Ukraine (8th June – 1st July). Despite an increased traffic at airports in these countries delays remained at a stable level in Poland with Ukraine seeing a small increase to its average delay per flight. Thunderstorms, heavy rain and low visibility affected operations in Heathrow, Frankfurt, Munich, Brussels, Amsterdam, Zurich and Vienna particularly on the 21st and 29th June. Istanbul Ataturk experienced delays due to airport capacity.

July 2012:

Adverse weather conditions, particularly thunderstorms, impacted operations in Munich, Frankfurt and London Heathrow. The London Olympics 2012 started on the 27th July and ran through to 12th August, delays remained low during the games. With 40 UK airports being coordinated during the Olympic period the main airports receiving additional traffic were London Luton (EGGW), London Stansted (EGSS), London City (EGLC), Biggin Hill (EGKB) and Farnborough (EGLF). On the 26/27th of July, 72 heads of state arrived, 31 in their own aircraft and the remainder on scheduled flights. NM provided support to UK NATS and adjacent ACC’s. Further weather delays particularly thunderstorms were observed, impacting operations in Munich, Frankfurt and London Heathrow.

August 2012:

Airport delays saw small increases following delays in Brussels as a result of runway works, an airline strike on the 31st August affected Frankfurt with the airport seeing delays to parking stand unavailability. Amsterdam Schiphol experienced delays due to a historical bomb disposal on the 29th. Weather conditions, particularly low visibility, thunderstorms and winds impacted operations at Brussels, Frankfurt, London Heathrow and Palma airports.

September 2012:

Lufthansa cabin crew strikes on the 4th and 7th of September impacted Frankfurt airport with an estimated 1,000 cancelled flights. Lisbon experienced delays from ATC and capacity delays. London Heathrow, Frankfurt, Palma de Mallorca, Manchester and Amsterdam airports saw delays from weather, predominantly high winds, rain showers and thunderstorm activity.

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Analysis of the delay causes contributing to the Summer 2012 average delay per flight of 9 minutes (Figure 3) shows a decrease in the contribution of reactionary delay, down from 4.9 to 4.1 minutes per flight. Airline related delay remained at a constant level with a slight fall of 0.2 mins to 2.9 minutes per flight. ATFM en-route related delays decreased by 49% to 0.5 minutes per flight in comparison to 1 minute per flight in Summer 2011.

Note: IATA Delay Code 19 (Passengers with Reduced Mobility) is included in airline grouping

Figure 3. Primary delay causes, Summer 2011 vs. Summer 2012

Figure 4. Primary delay causes, Summer 2011 vs. Summer 2012

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Figure 5. ATFM Share of All-Causes Primary Delay.

Looking further into the history of the ATFM proportion of primary delay (Figure 5), the en-route percentage share of the total primary delay minutes was 12.7% in the main summer quarter (Q3) of 2012, this was the lowest Q3 share noted since 2009. Delay minutes also fell, these were down by 35% in Q3 of 2012. (Figure 4).

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2. All-Causes Departure Delay Summary 1

The average delay per flight from all causes of delay decreased by 16% to 9 minutes per flight in Summer 2012 (Figure 6).

44% of flights departed within the 5 minute threshold before or after the scheduled departure time. Flights departing >5 minutes ahead of schedule increased by 1.5 points to 19% (Figure 7)

Figure 6. Average delay per flight (All-Causes) for Departures

Figure 7. All-Causes Departure Punctuality 2011 vs. 2012

1A flight is considered delayed as from 5 minutes.

The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes.

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Figure 8. Long departure delays >120 minutes (2011 vs. 2012)

Flights delayed by more than 120 minutes (2 hours) saw an improvement in comparison to Summer 2011, a slight increase in delays was noted during the peaks months notably July, however the percentage of delayed flights on departure remained at or below 1%.

Figure 9. Primary and reactionary all-cause delay, by IATA code (%)

Figure 9 shows that: Reactionary delay saw a decrease in its contribution to the average delay per flight in minutes of 0.8 minutes to 4.1 minutes per flight however the delay share of the total delay minutes only slightly decreased when compared to the same period as last year. ATFM En-Route Demand/Capacity delay contribution decreased when compared to Summer 2011 by 0.4 minutes per flight and 3 percentage points.

The link from these categories to IATA codes is summarised in Figure 17.

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Figure 10. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Departure Airports Summer 2012

Rank Departure Airport ICAO Code

Average Delay per Departure

(mins)

Average Delay per

Flight Percentage

Change (vs.

Summer 2011)

Average Delay per Delayed

Departures

Percentage Delayed

Departures

1 LISBOA LPPT 19.3 16% 32.9 58.6%

2 MANCHESTER EGCC 15.5 15% 34.0 45.6%

3 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 13.1 5% 28.0 46.6%

4 ANTALYA LTAI 12.2 -11% 29.9 40.9%

5 PALMA DE MALLORCA

LEPA 12.0 -30% 27.0 44.4%

6 ALICANTE LEAL 11.8 -12% 26.9 43.8%

7 IBIZA LEIB 11.8 -19% 30.5 38.6%

8 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 11.8 -12% 28.7 41.1%

9 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 11.8 -1% 24.9 47.1%

10 PARIS CH DE

GAULLE LFPG 11.7 -19% 23.2 50.5%

11 MALAGA LEMG 11.6 -10% 28.3 40.9%

12 ISTANBUL-ATATURK LTBA 11.3 48% 22.2 51.0%

13 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 10.6 -44% 24.2 43.9%

14 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 10.6 5% 26.3 40.3%

15 ZURICH LSZH 10.6 8% 19.7 53.7%

16 NICE LFMN 10.5 -20% 25.4 41.4%

17 ROME FIUMICINO LIRF 10.5 -22% 22.3 46.9%

18 FRANKFURT MAIN EDDF 10.2 -17% 20.7 49.3%

19 VENEZIA TESSERA LIPZ 9.8 -26% 26.0 37.8%

20 MILANO MALPENSA LIMC 9.4 -20% 26.1 36.2%

Figure 11. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected departure airports

Lisbon Airport noted the highest departure delay with an average delay per flight of 19 minutes, this was a 16% increase with flights being affected by en-route ATC staffing delays and industrial action particularly in May. Manchester saw delays from arrival weather restrictions (strong winds and low visibility) causing reactionary delays especially affecting flights to Heathrow. In comparison to last summer, Madrid Barajas saw delays fall by 44% to 11 minutes per flight. Istanbul Ataturk saw an increase in delays of 48% with increases in traffic and capacity delays being observed, an increase in arrival delay was also seen. (see Figure 15).

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Figure 12. All-Causes delay situation for the 20 most affected airport pairs Summer 2012

Rank Departure Airport Arrival Airport

Average Delay Per Departure

(mins)

Average Delay per Flight Percentage

Change (vs. Summer 2011)

Average Delay Per Delayed Departure

Percentage Delayed

Departures

1 LISBOA AEROPORTO DA

MADEIRA 21.9 40% 38.0 57.6%

2 MALAGA LONDON/GATWICK 21.2 17% 34.1 62.2%

3 LISBOA LONDON/HEATHROW 20.2 39% 32.4 62.3%

4 LONDON/HEATHROW LISBOA 19.9 28% 33.8 58.8%

5 AEROPORTO DA

MADEIRA LISBOA 19.9 106% 46.7 42.6%

6 LISBOA BARCELONA 19.8 14% 34.9 56.7%

7 LISBOA PORTO 18.4 13% 31.0 59.3%

8 PALMA DE MALLORCA LONDON/GATWICK 18.3 -20% 30.9 59.2%

9 FARO LONDON/GATWICK 17.3 30% 31.8 54.2%

10 BARCELONA LISBOA 17.1 22% 37.6 45.4%

11 LONDON/HEATHROW MADRID BARAJAS 17.0 -27% 25.6 66.4%

12 LISBOA MADRID BARAJAS 15.9 -5% 31.6 50.3%

13 PORTO LISBOA 15.3 81% 32.4 47.3%

14 LONDON/GATWICK MALAGA 15.1 16% 28.5 53.0%

15 LONDON/GATWICK FARO 15.0 15% 27.0 55.5%

16 ROME FIUMICINO MADRID BARAJAS 14.4 -41% 25.7 56.1%

17 LONDON/HEATHROW NEW YORK 13.9 6% 26.3 52.9%

18 NEW YORK LONDON/HEATHROW 13.8 -28% 32.5 42.3%

19 LONDON/HEATHROW FRANKFURT MAIN 13.8 -12% 24.1 57.2%

20 LONDON/GATWICK PALMA DE MALLORCA 13.5 6% 28.4 47.6%

The Top 20 Most-Affected Airport Pairs shows that flights from and to Lisbon Airport suffered from the en-route ATC staffing delays and industrial action notably in May. Flights arriving at Heathrow also experienced delays mainly from weather, mainly high winds and low visibility affecting arrival traffic. Gatwick experienced weather and airport capacity delays during the Summer season as well as reactionary delays. (Figure 16).

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3. All-Causes Arrival Delay Summary 2

The average delay per flight on arrival from all causes decreased from 11 to 9 minutes per flight, this was a 17% decrease in comparison to Summer 2011. Figure 13.

Regarding arrival punctuality, 27% of flights arrived on time (less than 5 minutes before or after the scheduled arrival time). The percentage of flights arriving >15 minutes ahead of schedule was 10%, this was an increase when compared to Summer 2011.

Figure 13. Average delay per flight (all-Causes) for Arrivals

Figure 14. All-Causes arrival punctuality 2011 vs. 2012

2 The analysis was based on airline data provided to CODA. Unless otherwise mentioned, a flight is considered delayed/advanced as from 5 minutes.

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Figure 15. All-Causes Delay. Top 20 Affected Arrival Airports Summer 2012

Rank Arrival Airport ICAO Code

Average Delay per

Arrival (mins)

Average Delay per

Flight Percentage

Change (vs.

Summer 2011)

Average Delay per

Delayed Arrival

Percentage Delayed Arrivals

1 LISBOA LPPT 19.3 29% 34.6 55.9%

2 MANCHESTER EGCC 15.8 8% 41.2 38.3%

3 ISTANBUL-ATATURK LTBA 14.3 16% 27.9 51.4%

4 LONDON/GATWICK EGKK 13.7 3% 35.4 38.7%

5 MADRID BARAJAS LEMD 13.1 -45% 27.2 48.2%

6 ANTALYA LTAI 12.5 -13% 28.4 44.1%

7 LONDON/HEATHROW EGLL 11.9 3% 30.0 39.6%

8 BIRMINGHAM EGBB 10.8 3% 33.6 32.1%

9 LONDON/LUTON EGGW 10.8 -13% 34.5 31.2%

10 IBIZA LEIB 10.6 -20% 26.5 40.0%

11 DUBLIN EIDW 10.3 -6% 31.6 32.4%

12 PALMA DE MALLORCA

LEPA 9.6 -30% 25.9 37.2%

13 MALAGA LEMG 9.6 -7% 25.9 37.1%

14 BARCELONA LEBL 9.4 -32% 26.4 35.6%

15 ALICANTE LEAL 9.2 -25% 25.7 35.9%

16 KOELN-BONN EDDK 9.2 -22% 25.7 35.6%

17 FRANKFURT MAIN EDDF 8.8 -34% 26.9 32.8%

18 FERIHEGY-BUDAPEST

LHBP 8.8 -21% 29.3 30.1%

19 PARIS CH DE

GAULLE LFPG 8.8 -13% 25.6 34.3%

20 DUESSELDORF EDDL 8.7 -16% 23.2 37.6%

Figure 16. Main delay causes at the top 10 affected arrival airports

When analysing the Top 20 affected arrival airports; Manchester was affected by weather delays on arrival.. A high share of reactionary delay was observed at Lisbon, following ATC staffing delays that affected flights earlier in the day resulting in a 19 minute average delay per flight. Manchester experienced arrival delays from weather and reactionary delays. London Heathrow saw a large share of weather related delay on arrival. (Figure 16).

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Figure 17. Link between CODA Causes and IATA delay codes.

CODA CAUSE Description

IATA Code

Passenger and Baggage 11‐19

Cargo and Mail 21‐29

Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31‐39

Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41‐49

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51‐58

Flight Operations and Crewing 61‐69

Airline

Other Airline Related Causes Others

ATFM due to Restriction at Destination Airport 83

Airport Facilities 87

Restrictions at Airport of Destination 88 Airport

Restrictions at Airport of Departure 89

ATFM due to ATC En‐Route Demand / Capacity 81 En‐Route

ATFM due to ATC Staff / Equipment En‐Route 82

Governmental Security and Immigration 85‐86

Weather (other than ATFM) 71‐79 Weather

ATFM due to Weather at Destination 84

Primary Delay Cau

ses

Miscellaneous Miscellaneous 98‐99

Reactionary Late Arrival of Aircraft, Crew, Passengers or Load 91‐96

4. Summary of Significant Events in Summer 2012.

Danish airline Cimber Sterling ceased operations on 3rd May 2012. May 2012 weather conditions such as thunderstorms, heavy rain and low visibility affected

operations in Heathrow, Stockholm, Frankfurt, Brussels, Amsterdam, Zurich and Paris airports. Airport delays continued at Istanbul-Ataturk, there was also a strike by airline personnel on the

29th May affecting Turkish Airlines operations at the airport.

Munich Airport: Zero rate due to disabled aircraft off runway 17th May. Industrial actions in Portugal on 11th, 17th, 18th, 24th and 25th May.

Champions League Final Munich 19th May. Weather conditions such as thunderstorms, heavy rain and low visibility affected operations in

Heathrow, Frankfurt, Munich, Brussels, Amsterdam, Zurich and Vienna particularly on the 21st and 29th June.

EURO 2012 Football Championship in Poland and Ukraine 8th-30th June: Traffic increases

observed delays remained stable.

2012 Olympic Games in London 27th July – 12th August.

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Adverse weather conditions, particular thunderstorms, impacted operations in Munich, Frankfurt and London Heathrow in August.

Airline strike on the 31st August affecting Frankfurt.

Amsterdam Schiphol experienced delays due to a historical bomb disposal on the 29th

August.

Weather conditions, particularly low visibility, thunderstorms and winds impacted operations at Brussels, Frankfurt, London Heathrow and Palma airport in August.

Lufthansa cabin crew strikes on the 4th and 7th September resulted in an estimated 1000

flights cancelled.

26th September Greek ATC strike and an exceptional power cut that triggered a radar failure on 29th September which affected Athens.

Weather conditions during September, particularly low visibility, thunderstorms and winds impacted operations at Frankfurt, London Heathrow, Palma and Amsterdam Schiphol.

Southerly winds at Istanbul Ataturk limited the use of the optimum runway configuration in September.

Environmental constraints at Zurich airport restricted the use of the optimum runway

configuration.

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5. Scheduling Indicators

Scheduling correctly is a difficult art: if too long a time is blocked for a flight, the airline will not be able to make best use of resources - staff, airframes, infrastructure. But too short a time can arguably be worse as late flights generate rotational delay with late incoming aircraft and passengers from previous flights having to be accommodated. When flights leave on time but arrive after the scheduled time of arrival, they cause reactionary delays.

The first of the new CODA Scheduling indicators is the Block Time Overshoot (BTO). This indicator describes the percentage of flights with an actual block time that exceeds the scheduled block time.

In the Summer 2012 the BTO remained stable at 30%, then fell in comparison to the previous season. This indicates that less flights had an actual block time exceeding the scheduled block time.

Figure 18. Block Time Overshoot (BTO) 2011 vs. 2012.

The second of the new indicators is the Delay Difference Indicator - Flight (DDI-F). This shows the difference between arrival and departure punctuality expressed in minutes. This can be indicated as a positive or negative figure, for example a flight departing with 20 minutes delay and arriving with 30 minutes arrival delay will have a DDI-F of +10 minutes.

The DDI-F on European flights in Summer 2012 was over 4 minutes per flight in July and August, this was a small increase in comparison to Summer 2011.

Figure 19. Delay Difference Indicator – Flight (DDI-F) 2011 vs. 2012.

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A. Year-on-Year Trends in All-Causes Delay Indicators

This annex summarises the year-on-year trends in the main indicators of delay from all causes. A flight is considered delayed from 5 minutes. This is based on CODA data covering 66% of commercial flights in the ECAC region in Summer 2012.

Figure 20. Average all-causes delay/delayed flight (departures left, arrivals right)

Figure 21. Percentage of flights delayed for all-causes delay (departures left, arrivals right)

Figure 22. Percentage of flights delayed > 15mins for all-Causes (departures left, arrivals right)

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B. Busiest Airport pairs

Figure 23. Busiest airport pairs for flights in Summer 2012

Rank Between airport and airport Flights/Day

MAY12-SEP12

Change since

MAY11-SEP11 (%)

1 ISTANBUL-ATATURK IZMIR-ADNAN-

MENDERES 63.1 13%

2 MADRID BARAJAS BARCELONA 58.3 -20%

3 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANTALYA 49.3 6%

4 TOULOUSE BLAGNAC PARIS ORLY 49.2 3%

5 NICE PARIS ORLY 47.2 3%

6 TRONDHEIM/VAERNES OSLO/GARDERMOEN 46.3 4%

7 BERGEN/FLESLAND OSLO/GARDERMOEN 45.9 -3%

8 ROME FIUMICINO MILANO LINATE 45.6 1%

9 PALMA DE MALLORCA BARCELONA 44.5 -11%

10 STAVANGER/SOLA OSLO/GARDERMOEN 42.2 5%

11 ISTANBUL-ATATURK ANKARA-ESENBOGA 39.4 6%

12 CATANIA

FONTANAROSSA ROME FIUMICINO 39.1 -5%

13 FRANKFURT MAIN TEGEL-BERLIN 38.8 2%

14 GUERNSEY JERSEY 38.7 -14%

15 DUESSELDORF MUENCHEN 2 38.6 -2%

16 LAS PALMAS TENERIFE NORTE 38.6 -14%

17 MUENCHEN 2 TEGEL-BERLIN 38.3 -3%

18 HAMBURG MUENCHEN 2 38.2 -2%

19 LONDON/HEATHROW NEW YORK 38.0 11%

20 LONDON/HEATHROW SCHIPHOL

AMSTERDAM 37.2 9%

In Summer 2012 there were 1.8% fewer flights in the EUROCONTROL Statistical Reference Area (ESRA) than in Summer 2011.

Istanbul Ataturk to Izmir was the busiest airport pairing, with this city pair seeing an increase in the number of flights of 13%. Madrid to Barcelona and Palma de Mallorca to Barcelona saw decreases of 20% and 11% respectively following airline restructuring in the region and the ceasing of Spanair operations.

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C. All-causes departure delay by hour

This annex summarises the all-cause delay by hour of the day and major causes.

Figure 24. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day Summer 2012.

Figure 25. All-causes departure delay by hour of the day Summer 2011.

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D. Average Delay per Delayed Flight & Percentage of Flights Delayed at Departure Airports

For airports with an average of more than 80 departures a day, this annex summarises the average delay per delayed flight (ADD) on departure and percentage of flights delayed (PDF) on departure in the month.

Figure 26. ADD vs. PDF Summer 2012 (2012 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled)

Figure 27. ADD vs. PDF Summer 2011 (2011 top 20 airports for average delay/flight are labelled)

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E. Glossary of Terms and Abbreviations

Delay Parameter Abbreviations

TTF Total Flights TRF Total Regulated Flights TDF Total Delayed Flights PRF Percentage of Regulated Flights PDF Percentage of Delayed Flights TDM Total Delay in Minutes ADM Average Delay per Movement ADR Average Delay per Regulated Flight ADD Average Delay per Delayed Flight

Glossary of Terms ACC Area Control Centre AEA Association of European Airlines AHM Airport Handling Manual ATFM Air Traffic Flow Management (used by IATA in the Standard IATA Delay Codes) ATFCM Air Traffic Flow and Capacity Management (used by NM as a more comprehensive reference to the function) ATS Air Traffic Services BTO Block Time Overshoot CODA Central Office for Delay Analysis DDI-F Delay Difference Indicator - Flight DNM Directorate Network Management NMOC NM Operations Centre (Network Manager) ECAC European Civil Aviation Conference FDPS Flight Data Processing System FMP Flow Management Position IACA International Air Carrier Association IATA International Air Transport Association


F. Standard IATA Delay Codes (AHM730)

Others 00-05 AIRLINE INTERNAL CODES 06 (OA) NO GATE/STAND AVAILABILITY DUE TO OWN AIRLINE ACTIVITY 09 (SG) SCHEDULED GROUND TIME LESS THAN DECLARED MINIMUM GROUND TIME

Passenger and Baggage 11 (PD) LATE CHECK-IN, acceptance after deadline 12 (PL) LATE CHECK-IN, congestions in check-in area 13 (PE) CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 14 (PO) OVERSALES, booking errors 15 (PH) BOARDING, discrepancies and paging, missing checked-in passenger 16 (PS) COMMERCIAL PUBLICITY/PASSENGER CONVENIENCE, VIP, press, ground meals and missing personal

items 17 (PC) CATERING ORDER, late or incorrect order given to supplier 18 (PB) BAGGAGE PROCESSING, sorting etc. 19 (PW) REDUCED MOBILITY, boarding / deboarding of passengers with reduced mobility.

Cargo and Mail 21 (CD) DOCUMENTATION, errors etc. 22 (CP) LATE POSITIONING 23 (CC) LATE ACCEPTANCE 24 (CI) INADEQUATE PACKING 25 (CO) OVERSALES, booking errors 26 (CU) LATE PREPARATION IN WAREHOUSE 27 (CE) DOCUMENTATION, PACKING etc (Mail Only) 28 (CL) LATE POSITIONING (Mail Only) 29 (CA) LATE ACCEPTANCE (Mail Only)

Aircraft and Ramp Handling 31 (GD) AIRCRAFT DOCUMENTATION LATE/INACCURATE, weight and balance, general declaration, pax manifest,

etc. 32 (GL) LOADING/UNLOADING, bulky, special load, cabin load, lack of loading staff 33 (GE) LOADING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, e.g. container pallet loader, lack of staff 34 (GS) SERVICING EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. steps 35 (GC) AIRCRAFT CLEANING 36 (GF) FUELLING/DEFUELLING, fuel supplier 37 (GB) CATERING, late delivery or loading 38 (GU) ULD, lack of or serviceability 39 (GT) TECHNICAL EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown, lack of staff, e.g. pushback

Technical and Aircraft Equipment 41 (TD) AIRCRAFT DEFECTS. 42 (TM) SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, late release. 43 (TN) NON-SCHEDULED MAINTENANCE, special checks and/or additional works beyond normal maintenance

schedule. 44 (TS) SPARES AND MAINTENANCE EQUIPMENT, lack of or breakdown. 45 (TA) AOG SPARES, to be carried to another station. 46 (TC) AIRCRAFT CHANGE, for technical reasons. 47 (TL) STAND-BY AIRCRAFT, lack of planned stand-by aircraft for technical reasons. 48 (TV) SCHEDULED CABIN CONFIGURATION/VERSION ADJUSTMENTS.

Damage to Aircraft & EDP/Automated Equipment Failure 51 (DF) DAMAGE DURING FLIGHT OPERATIONS, bird or lightning strike, turbulence, heavy or overweight landing,

collision during taxiing 52 (DG) DAMAGE DURING GROUND OPERATIONS, collisions (other than during taxiing), loading/off-loading damage,

contamination, towing, extreme weather conditions 55 (ED) DEPARTURE CONTROL 56 (EC) CARGO PREPARATION/DOCUMENTATION 57 (EF) FLIGHT PLANS 58 (EO) OTHER AUTOMATED SYSTEM

EUROCONTROL 21 CODA


EUROCONTROL 22 CODA

Flight Operations and Crewing 61 (FP) FLIGHT PLAN, late completion or change of, flight documentation 62 (FF) OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS, fuel, load alteration 63 (FT) LATE CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby (flight deck or

entire crew) 64 (FS) FLIGHT DECK CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa,

health documents, etc. 65 (FR) FLIGHT DECK CREW SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 66 (FL) LATE CABIN CREW BOARDING OR DEPARTURE PROCEDURES, other than connection and standby 67 (FC) CABIN CREW SHORTAGE, sickness, awaiting standby, flight time limitations, crew meals, valid visa, health

documents, etc. 68 (FA) CABIN CREW ERROR OR SPECIAL REQUEST, not within operational requirements 69 (FB) CAPTAIN REQUEST FOR SECURITY CHECK, extraordinary

Weather 71 (WO) DEPARTURE STATION 72 (WT) DESTINATION STATION 73 (WR) EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE 75 (WI) DE-ICING OF AIRCRAFT, removal of ice and/or snow, frost prevention excluding unserviceability of equipment 76 (WS) REMOVAL OF SNOW, ICE, WATER AND SAND FROM AIRPORT 77 (WG) GROUND HANDLING IMPAIRED BY ADVERSE WEATHER CONDITIONS

ATFM + AIRPORT + GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES

AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT RESTRICTIONS 81 (AT) ATFM due to ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems 82 (AX) ATFM due to ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or staff

shortage, equipment failure, military exercise or extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area

83 (AE) ATFM due to RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

84 (AW) ATFM due to WEATHER AT DESTINATION

AIRPORT AND GOVERNMENTAL AUTHORITIES 85 (AS) MANDATORY SECURITY 86 (AG) IMMIGRATION, CUSTOMS, HEALTH 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. 88 (AD) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DESTINATION, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction, industrial

action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including Air

Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather3, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

Reactionary 91 (RL) LOAD CONNECTION, awaiting load from another flight 92 (RT) THROUGH CHECK-IN ERROR, passenger and baggage 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight or previous sector 94 (RS) CABIN CREW ROTATION, awaiting cabin crew from another flight 95 (RC) CREW ROTATION, awaiting crew from another flight (flight deck or entire crew) 96 (RO) OPERATIONS CONTROL, re-routing, diversion, consolidation, aircraft change for reasons other than technical

Miscellaneous 97 (MI) INDUSTRIAL ACTION WITH OWN AIRLINE 98 (MO) INDUSTRIAL ACTION OUTSIDE OWN AIRLINE, excluding ATS 99 (MX) OTHER REASON, not matching any code above

SOURCE: IATA – Airport Handling Manual (730 & 731)

3 Restriction due to weather in case of ATFM regulation only, else refer to code 71 (WO)


G. Standard IATA Delay Sub-Codes (AHM731)

73 (WR) WEATHER: EN ROUTE OR ALTERNATE Z OUTSIDE AIRCRAFT LIMITS Y OUTSIDE CREW LIMITS X ETOPS 81 (AT) ATFM DUE TO ATC EN-ROUTE DEMAND/CAPACITY, standard demand/capacity problems Z ATC ROUTEINGS Y HIGH DEMAND OR CAPACITY 82 (AX) ATFM DUE TO ATC STAFF/EQUIPMENT EN-ROUTE, reduced capacity caused by industrial action or

staff shortage or equipment failure, extraordinary demand due to capacity reduction in neighbouring area

Z INDUSTRIAL ACTION Y EQUIPMENT FAILURE X STAFF SHORTAGE W MILITARY ACTIVITY V SPECIAL EVENT 83 (AE) ATFM DUE TO RESTRICTION AT DESTINATION AIRPORT, airport and/or runway closed due to

obstruction, industrial action, staff shortage, political unrest, noise abatement, night curfew, special flights

Z HIGH DEMAND / ATC CAPACITY Y INDUSTRIAL ACTION X EQUIPMENT FAILURE W STAFF SHORTAGE V ACCIDENT / INCIDENT U MILITARY ACTIVITY T SPECIAL EVENT S NOISE ABATEMENT/NIGHT CURFEW R OTHER 87 (AF) AIRPORT FACILITIES, parking stands, ramp congestion, lighting, buildings, gate limitations, etc. Z LACK OF PARKING STANDS Y RAMP CONGESTION X LIGHTING OR BUILDINGS W GATE LIMITATION / NO GATE AVAILABLE V BAGGAGE SORTING SYSTEM DOWN / SLOW U NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO INFRASTRUCTURE T JET BRIDGE INOPERATIVE S LACK OF CHECK IN COUNTERS R ELECTRICAL SYSTEM FAILURE P PASSENGER TRANSPORT SYSTEM FAILURE N PUBLIC ADDRESS/FLIGHT INFORMATION DISPLAY SYSTEM FAILURE M INSUFFICIENT FIRE COVER L GROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FAILURE K NO PUSH BACK CLEARANCE DUE TO CONSTRUCTION J BREAKDOWN OF AIRPORT FUELLING SYSTEM H LATE OR LACK OF FOLLOW ME FOR PUSH-BACK G ANY OF THE ABOVE AT THE DESTINATION AIRPORT 89 (AM) RESTRICTIONS AT AIRPORT OF DEPARTURE WITH OR WITHOUT ATFM RESTRICTIONS, including

Air Traffic Services, start-up and pushback, airport and/or runway closed due to obstruction or weather.

Z ATC CAPACITY Y ATC INDUSTRIAL ACTION X ATC STAFFING W ATC EQUIPMENT V ATC ACCIDENT/INCIDENT U ATC DUE TO DE-ICING T ATC SPECIAL EVENT S ATC WEATHER R ATC RESTRICTIONS DUE TO CURFEW P ATC POLITICAL UNREST N ATC ENVIRONMENTAL M AIRPORT CLOSURE L RUNWAY CLOSURE K START-UP/PUSHBACK CLEARENCE DELAY (LOCAL ATC) J LOST FLIGHT PLAN BY ATC H CONSTRUCTION WORK/MAINTENENCE G OTHER 93 (RA) AIRCRAFT ROTATION, late arrival of aircraft from another flight Z LATE ARRIVAL DUE DEPARTURE DELAY AT PREVIOUS STATION Y LATE ARRIVAL DUE ENROUTE DELAY X LATE ARRIVAL DUE DELAY AFTER LANDING W LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO HIGH DEMAND FOR DESTINATION STATION V LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO WEATHER AT DESTINATION U LATE ARRIVAL DUE TO TECHNICAL REASONS

EUROCONTROL 23 CODA


EUROCONTROL 24 CODA

H. Correlation between IATA Delay Codes and the CFMU Reasons for Regulation

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I. Summer 2012 CODA coverage of commercial flights in the ECAC region.

EUROCONTROL 25 CODA

ATFM Delays in Europe - EUROCONTROL | …and London Heathrow. The London Olympics 2012 started on...

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