Assimilation Effect .

• Assimilation Effect

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Self-knowledge (psychology) - The Contrast Effect

1 People regard themselves as at the opposite end of the spectrum of a given

trait to the people in their company.Morse, S., Gergen, K. J. (1970). Social comparison,

self-consistency, and the concept of the self. Journal of Personality and Social

Psychology, 16,148-156 However, this effect has come under criticism as to

whether it is a primary effect as it seems to share space with the Assimilation Effect.



1 The Assimilation Effect#Examples of Assimilation Effects|assimilation

effect states that people evaluate themselves more positively when they are in the company of others

who are exemplary on some dimension.



1 * Whether the assimilation or contrast effect prevails depends on the psychological

closeness, with people feeling psychologically disconnected with their social surroundings being more likely to show contrast effects. Assimilation effects occur when the subject

feels psychologically connected to their social surroundings.Brewer, M. B., Weber, J. G.

(1994). Self-evaluation effects of interpersonal versus intergroup social comparison. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66,268-275


Social comparison - Three-Selves Model

1 and taking a cue from Social Cognitive Theory, this model

examines the Assimilation effect and distinguishes three classes of

working Self-concept ideas: individual selves, possible selves and collective

selves.


Self-disclosure - Individual differences in reciprocity

1 Assimilation effects rely on an individual’s prior knowledge to guide

their behavior in a situation and accommodation effects rely on

careful monitoring of a situation and a greater attention to concrete

information


Assimilation effect

1 Assimilation effects are different from contrast effects, where a negative

correlation between judgments and contextual information is observed.


Assimilation effect - Factors determining assimilation effects

1 found assimilation effects when subjects were primed with moderate context stimuli


Assimilation effect - Factors determining assimilation effects

1 However, these are just likelihoods that can serve as indicators for the occurrence of assimilation effects


Assimilation effect - The inclusion/exclusion model

1 When using the accessible information for constructing the representation of the target, an

assimilation effect results, whereas accessible information that is

constructed in the mental representation of the standard of

comparison leads to contrast effects.


Assimilation effect - The inclusion/exclusion model

1 This demonstrates the inclusion of scandal-ridden politicians in the

representation of the target Stimulus (physiology)|stimulus and depicts an

assimilation effect


Assimilation effect - Simultaneous assimilation

1 A series of studies found assimilation effects when asking participants to rate the attractiveness of faces that

were presented simultaneously


Assimilation effect - Simultaneous assimilation

1 Relating these findings to the Inclusion/Exclusion Model above, if we take the classic Richard Nixon example, if Nixon (a scandal ridden politician) is presented

side by side Newt Gingrich, then rather than the type of assimilation effect exhibited

when they are presented successively (Newt becomes more trustworthy), when presented

simultaneously Nixon becomes more trustworthy, and the trustworthiness of Newt

doesn't change


Assimilation effect - Examples of assimilation effects

1 Assimilation effects arise in many fields of social cognition, for example in the field of judgment processes or in Social comparison theory|social

comparison.



1 Whenever researchers conduct attitude surveys and Questionnaire construction|design questionnaires, they have to take

judgment processes and the resulting assimilation effects into account.

Assimilation effects (as well as contrast effects) may arise through the sequence of questions. Previously asked specific questions may influence subsequent

more general ones:



1 When they first asked participants how happy they were with their

dating or how satisfied they were with their relationship (a specific

question that functions as a moderate context stimulus) and

subsequently asked the participants how happy they were with their life in general (general question), they

found assimilation effectshttps://store.theartofservice.com/the-assimilation-effect-toolkit.html


1 The term Self-knowledge (psychology)#The Contrast Effect|assimilation effect appears in the

field of social comparison research as well. Complementary to the

previously stated definition, the term describes the effect of a felt

psychological closeness of social surroundings that influence the

current self-representation and Self-knowledge (psychology)|self-

knowledge.


Norbert Schwarz - Categorization and Judgment

1 Assimilation effects occur when exposure to valenced information

influences judgments in a way that is congruent with the valenced

information


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