Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec

8/8/2019 Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec

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AssessmentofEasternProvinceRecovery

ThePublicPerspective2010

SocialIndicator

(SI)

Centre

for

Policy

Alternatives

(CPA)


3/91

AssessmentofEasternProvinceRecovery

ThePublicPerspective

Publisher:

SocialIndicator(SI)CentreforPolicyAlternatives(CPA)

Colombo,SriLanka2010

Copyright:

SICPA,Colombo,SriLanka 2010

ISBN9789551655778

HeadOfficeCentreforPolicyAlternatives

24/2,28thLane

OffFlowerRoad

Colombo7

Tel: +941125653046,5552746,5552748

Fax:+94114714460

Email:[email protected]

Web:www.cpalanka.org

SocialIndicatorCentreforPolicyAlternatives

105,5thLane

Colombo3

Tel:+94112370472/6

Fax:+94112370475

Email:[email protected]

Web:http://cpalanka.org/index.php?th=5


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AssessmentofEasternProvinceRecoveryThePublicPerspective

CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION 01 METHODOLOGY 02 KEYFINDINGS 04 IMPORTANTISSUESFORTHELOCALCOMMUNITY 04 IMPROVEMENTINDEVELOPMENT,PERSONALSECURITY&

LIVELIHOODS 05 DEMOCRACY 05 WOMENSROLEINPOLITICS 12 POWERSHARING&THE13THAMENDMENT 14 EASTERNPROVINCIALCOUNCIL 15 DEVELOPMENT 19 LANDISSUES 24 HUMANRIGHTS 26 RECONCILIATION&PEACEBUILDING 31 MINORITIES 33 CONCLUSION 34

ANNEX DATATABLESFORETHNIC&DISTRICTBREAKDOWN SURVEYQUESTIONNAIRE INDEPTHINTERVIEWPROTOCOL


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AssessmentofTheEasternProvinceRecoveryThePublicPerspective

1|P a g e

INTRODUCTIONThe Eastern Province, home to a total population of 1.5 million residents, is Sri

Lankas most ethnically complex region with a Tamil speaking majority split

between the Tamils and the Muslims and a sizeable Sinhala minority who have

mostly moved from the South under the state irrigation and resettlement

program.1Theconditions forchange in theEastern Province wassetduring the

periodfollowing2006,whenitwasdemergedfromtheNorthernProvinceunder

a Supreme Court decision. The last two years witnessed further changes taking

place in the political sphere, placing Eastern Province at the center of political

debate.Themostsignificantdevelopmentwasthesuccessofthegovernment in

drivingouttheLTTEfromtheEastin2007,endingover25yearsofcivilwar.Asa

result, the Eastern Province for the first time in years was opened up for

development on social, political and economic terms. The political front was

opened

up

by

the

local

government

and

provincial

council

elections

that

were

heldinMarchandMay2008andbybringingtheTMVPintoademocraticpolitical

processthroughencouragingthemtoemergeasapoliticalpartyandcontestthe

elections.TheendofthewarinMay2009hasledtonewdevelopmentinitiatives,

pavingthewayforfurthereconomicdevelopment.

In this context, it is important to explore the extent of change in the East. In

additiontosupportingCPAscurrentworkintheEasternProvince,thisstudywill

provide policy makers with a birds eye view of the situation in the Eastern

Province, thereby facilitating broaderpolicy debate.Most importantly, itwill fill

thegap

in

information

on

the

Eastern

Province

by

providing

various

actors

from

the public sector to civil society, with a valuable source of information on

democracy,humanrightsanddevelopment.

Using a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methodologies,

Social Indicator (SI) attempted to acquire peoples knowledge, attitudes and

perceptionsonthestateofdemocracy intheEasternProvince.Thequantitative

intervention(thesurvey)investigatespublicopiniononkeythemesofdemocracy,

human rights and development, while the qualitative component (indepth

discussions)attemptstoobtainadditionalinsightintothesamethematicareas.

Thisreportpresentsthequantitativeandthequalitativefindingsofthestudy.

1 International Crisis Group. (2008).SriLankasEasternProvince:LandDevelopmentandConflict (Asia Report N 159 15

th

October)

retrieved

on

16

October

2009,

from

http//www.unhcr.org/refworld/pdfid/48f6ed862.pdf


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2|P a g e

METHODOLOGYThestudywasconducted inthethreedistrictsoftheEasternProvince;Ampara,

Trincomalee and Batticaloa. SI adopted a combination of both quantitative and

qualitative research methodologies to gather the necessary information. SI

conducted a survey amongst a randomly selected sample for the quantitative

component,whilethequalitativecomponentconsistsofindepthinterviews.

SAMPLINGThesurveywasconductedamongsta totalsampleof2067 individualsusingthe

MultiStage Sampling technique. As the primary layer of sampling, all the

DivisionalSecretariat (DS)divisions in the threedistrictsof theEasternProvince

wereselectedandwereclusteredonthebasisofthemajorityethnicproportions

ineachDSdivision.[IntheAmparaDistrict,Muslimscomprisethemajority(44%),

followed by the Sinhalese (37.5%) and the Tamils (18.3%). In the Batticaloa

District,Tamilsarethe largestsection (74%)followedbytheMuslims(25%)and

the Sinhalese (0.5%). In Tricomalee District, Muslims comprise the majority

(45.4%)followedbyTamils(28.6%)andSinhalese(25.4%)].

Afterwards the sample was allocated for each DS division representative of the

majority ethnicity in that DS division. Within each DS division, Grama Niladari(GN) divisions were randomly selected allotting one GN division to every 10

respondents. The selection of the respondents within a GN division was done

usingtwo

separate

methodologies

depending

on

the

urban/

rural

context.

In

the

highly populated urban GNs, the respondents were selected using the random

samplingtechnique,while intheruralGNs,respondentswereselectedusingthe

quotasamplingtechnique.

The indepth interviews were conducted amongst 26 individuals who belong to

theSinhala,TamilandMuslimethnicitiesinthethreedistricts;Ampara,Batticaloa

and Trincomalee. These individuals were selected from different occupational

backgrounds inordertogetabalancedunderstandingofthe issuesdiscussed in

thesurvey.Therefore,thefieldresearcherswerespecificallyadvisedtoselectthe

respondents

from

diverse

backgrounds;

Government

officials/teachers,

fishermen,farmersandtraders/businessmen,NGOworkers.

THEQUESTIONNAIREANDTHEPROTOCOLSocialIndicatordevelopedthesurveyquestionnaireinconsultationwiththeLegal

UnitandthePeaceandConflictAnalysisUnitoftheCentreforPolicyAlternatives.

The finalized questionnaire included questions on democracy, development,

human rights, reconciliation and peace building in addition to questions on

provincial councils, land issues and minorities. The final questionnaire was later

translated

into

Sinhala

and

Tamil

languages

prior

to

the

commencement

of

fieldwork.


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3|P a g e

Indepth interviewprotocol,theguidelineforconductingtheindepthinterviews

wasalsodevelopedinconsultationwiththeLegalUnitandthePeaceandConflict

AnalysisUnitoftheCentreforPolicyAlternatives.Astheintentionoftheindepth

interviewswastoexplorethekeythematicareasfurther,theprotocolconsisted

of almost the same key questions asked in the survey questionnaire under the

mainthemesofdemocracy,humanrightsanddevelopment.

FIELDWORKSIresearchersvisitedtheEasternProvincefromthe7

thto10

thofNovember2009.

Onthe7th

ofNovember,SIconductedaFocusGroupDiscussion(FGD)usingthe

Indepth interview protocol with 6 field researchers. The objective of the

discussionwastwofold;firstlytogivethefieldresearchersacleartrainingonhow

theyshouldconducttheinterviewswiththeaidoftheprotocolandsecondlyfor

the senior researchers of SI to get a general understanding of the current

situationintheEasternProvince.DuringthetriptoBatticaloa,SIresearchersalso

visited several areas within the Batticaloa district Batticaloa town, Aithyamale

(UnicheVillage),andThirukkovil.SI conducted two separate field briefings for the Sinhala and Tamil field

researchers.ThefieldbriefingfortheTamilfieldresearchersandthesupervisors

was conducted in Batticaloa on the 8th

of November. The content of the

questionnairewas thoroughly discussed amongst themwhilealso giving them a

comprehensivetrainingonthefieldtechniquestobeusedwhenconductingthe

fieldwork.

Thefieldbriefingsessionsfor theSinhalafieldresearcherswereconductedatSI

premises. The briefing for the survey was conducted on the 13th

of November

2009whilethefieldbriefingfortheindepthinterviewswasconductedonthe7th

ofDecember2009.

ThedatagatheredfromthesurveywasanalyzedusingtheStatisticalPackagefor

Social Science (SPSS); a specialized statistical tool widely used by social

researcherstheworldover.


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4|P a g e

IMPORTANTISSUESFORTHELOCALCOMMUNITYTherespondentswerequestionedontheirperceptionsofthepoliticalandeconomic

climate in the Eastern Province. In doing so, they were asked to prioritize the key

issues facing their local community and to state the level of improvement in

development,personalsecurityandlivelihoodsinthelasttwoyears.

Amid the numerous issues listed, the respondents of all three communities assign

significance to improving roads, transport, increasing job opportunities and

improving education in the postwar Eastern Province. Moreover, clean water and

personalsecurityarealsogivenprecedencebyallthethreecommunities,inaddition

to the development of electricity services, health facilities, housing and toilet

facilities. [Ref. 1] Human rights protection seems mainly a concern amongst theTamils (7.3%) and the Muslims (5.1%) in comparison to the Sinhalese (3.8%).

2 This

shows that development needs

take significant precedence to

security and human rights

protection in the popular

perception.

The respondents who

participated in the indepth

discussions often highlight the

importance in their livelihood

development. They indicate that

they are awaiting improvement

in their livelihood activities

including agriculture, fisheries,

livestock and cottage industries. For instance, the farmers state that they are

expectinganimprovementintheagriculturalsectorintermsofprovidingthemwith

opportunities to easily access seed paddy, fertilizer and to sell paddy for a decent

price. They further look forward to improvement in the irrigation systems. The

fisheriessector, whichaccording to the fishermenhasnot benefittedas a resultof

development,alsoanticipateanimprovement.Inaddition,theyhighlightthatfishing

isnot

allowed

in

certain

areas

without

apermit.

Those

who

are

involved

in

livestock

and cottage industries look forward to loanschemes for restarting their livelihood

activities.

Astherespondentswereallowedtogivemorethanoneanswertothisquestion,the

totalofthevaluesgivendoesnotaddupto100.

ThelowimportanceassignedtolandissuescouldbeduetoanerrorintheTamil

translationofthequestionnairewherethewordlandistranslatedasNilam

2ForethnicanddistrictanalysisrefertoannexPg1

Ref.1RANKED ISSUE %

1 ImprovingRoadsandTransportation 29.72 JobOpportunities 26.33 ImprovingEducation 26.04 CleanWater 23.3

5 ImprovingHealthcare 18.0

6 Housing 15.3

7 PersonalSecurity 13.3

8

BetterElectricity

Service

7.3

9 LandIssues 7.0

10 IrrigationWater 6.7

11 HumanRightsProtection 5.7

Excepttherenovated

interiorroad,alltheother

roadsareinastateofbad

repair.Theschoolrunsina

temporarybuilding.

TamilFishermaninVakarai,

Batticaloa

Inthisareaactuallythe

agriculturesectorneedsto

develop

because

this

is

peoplesmainincome

generatingactivity.There

shouldbeimmediate

developmentinthe

infrastructureneededfor

agriculture.

SinhalaFarmerinMoraweva,Trincomalee


9/91

Assess

entofTheEasternProvince

IMPROV

The resp

improved

twoyears

progress

by all

groups

district

However,

comparis

overwhel

the imp

developm

personal

considera

percenta

half of t

activities;

12% stat

livelihood

East.

DEMOC

Provincial

as a pol

contestin

Provincei

natureof

entirepro

of demo

occupatio

haveocc

peoplein

shortspa

The resp

whichth

knowledg

whichthe

3Fore

ecoveryThe

EMENTIN

ndents belie

overthe last

.[Ref.2]The

is accepted

the ethnic

nd at the

level.3

in

n to the

ingbeliefin

ovement of

ent and

security,

a

bly smaller

eofpeopleb

e responden

almostonet

d that it has

s is mainly v

RACY

IN

TH

Counciland

itical party

the electio

ntherecent

elections tha

vincebydefe

racy. Theref

n and milita

rredin

the

r

theEastern

oftime.

ndentsperc

ysupportde

einpolitics,

ytrustpolitic

hnicanddistri

PublicPerspect

EVELOPME

ve that deve

elieveinthe

ts seem dis

ird(34.2%)

deteriorate

oiced by the

EASTERN

LocalGover

(Tamil Makk

ns are cruci

past.Eventh

tfollowed,t

atingtheLTT

re, as a pr

ization for a

ecentpast

c

rovinceund

eption ofde

mocracy,the

heirlevelof

alinstitution

tanalysisrefe

Liveli

PersonalSe

Develop

Ref

ive

T,PERSO

lopment, per

improvemen

ontented wi

fthemstate

d over the l

Tamils (15.2

ROVINCE

mentelectio

al Viduthalai

l changes t

ough,therea

heGovernme

Eisperceive

vince that h

considerabl

rtainlystim

rstanddemo

ocracy is ex

irinterpretati

politicaland

.

rtoannexPg2

11

12

1.5

1.2

0.0

hood

curity

ment

.2 Improvement

ALSECURI

sonal securit

oftheirlivel

th the progr

thatnocha

st two years

) and the

nsandtheK

Pulikal/TM

at were wit

requestions

ntsrestorati

tobeaclear

as experienc

length of t

lateinterest

cracyandad

amined acco

onofdemoc

civicengage

53.34.2

.2

6.6

.0

50.0

inDevelopmennd Livelihoods

5

YANDLIVE

and livelih

ihoodactiviti

ess in their

ngehasoccu

. This deteri

uslims (12.3

arunaGroup

P) and sub

nessed in th

aboutthefre

onofcontrol

signofther

ed the effec

ime, the cha

inexaminin

ptitinpract

rding to the

racy,theirint

entandthe

8

87.4

82.2

100.0

t,PersonalSecu

I

|P a g e

LIHOODS

ods have

s.Nearly

livelihood

redwhile

ration of

%) in the

emerging

sequently

e Eastern

eandfair

overthe

storation

of LTTE

nges that

howthe

iceinthis

egree to

erestand

extentto

ity

eteriorated

oChange

mproved


10/91

fea

We

liv

p

wo

r

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to

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we

fre

a

Assess

elivedwith

r.Nowthere

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areengaged

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st,wecould

rk. Wehadt

undupand

rations.Wec

thelagoonf

ities.General

njoyafreedo

domtogot

ndthefreedo

fishing.

TamilFish

laiyadivemb

entofTheEas

asenseof

isnofear.

ing.Others

intheir

ies.Inthe

notgoto

otolerate

hecking

uldnotgo

rfishing

lyspeaking,

mnow:the

thefields

mtofor

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u,Ampara

ternProvince

SUPPORT

Therespo

for demo

selectast

1. D

2. In

d

3. It

d

Amajori

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district l

slightlyh

Similarly,

(53%),

democra

higherth

levels.

However

dictatori

to

a

deThis opi

by nearl

Sinhales

Tamils.

hand,

Muslims

not mat

whether

democra

the opi

predomi

Muslim

governa

4Fore

5Centr

Delhi,

6Ibid

ecoveryThe

FORDEMOC

ndentssupp

cracy as a sy

atementthat

mocracyisp

certainsitua

mocraticon

doesntmatt

mocraticgov

yoftheEast

ment[Ref.3

vel.4 This p

igher incom

in comparis

astern resp

cy.644.5%of

anthosewh

, for a Provi

l governmen

mocratic

onion is share

y 5% of th

and th

n the othe

7% of th

say it doe

ter to the

they hav

ticornonde

ion of the

antBatticalo

redominant

ce.

hnicanddistri

eforStudyof

xfordUniversi

PublicPerspect

44.5

Ref.3At

ACY

rtfordemo

stem of gov

theymostly

referabletoa

ions,adictat

rtopeoplel

ernance

ernrespond

]whichwasa

eference for

parison to th

on to the pr

ondents ex

thepeople

saythesa

ce which w

t

.

d

e

e

r

e

s

e

mocraticsyst

majority et

adistrict,5.8

mparadistr

tanalysisrefe

evelopingSoc

tyPress

ive

4.25.6

titudesTowards

racywasass

rnance. In o

agreewithou

nyotherkind

orialgovern

ikemewheth

nts(45.8%)

lsoseenacro

democracy a

eSouthAsia

eference for

press a co

ay theyhave

eattheSout

as partly und

em.Opinion

nicity in a

%preferadi

ict,8.4%are

rtoannexPg3

ieties(CSDS)(2

45.8

Democracy

D

ot

In

g

a

It

m

or

N

ssedinrelat

rder to do s

tofthreesta

ofgovernm

entcanbep

erwehaved

referdemoc

ssallethnicc

mongst the

preference

democracy

siderably l

noopinion i

hAsian(32%

er LTTE occ

atthedistric

district. Th

ctatorialregi

notconcerne

008).Stateof

6

mocracyis

pref

herkindofgove

certainsituation

vernmentcanb

emocraticone

doesn'tmattert

ewhetherweha

nondemocratic

opinion

iontotheirp

o, they were

tements;

nt

referabletoa

emocraticor

racytoany

ommunities

astern resp

fordemocra

t the Sri La

wer prefer

nthisregard

)andSriLan

pation, 4.2%

levelseems

refore, in t

mewhileint

daboutthe

emocracyinS

|P a g e

rableto

any

nment

s,adictatorial

preferableto

peoplelike

vedemocratic

governance

reference

asked to

on

therkind

ndatthe

ndents is

y(42%).5

kan level

ence for

,which is

an(25%)

prefer a

toreflect

he Tamil

hemostly

systemof

outhAsia.


11/91

Assess


MEANIN

Indepth

ways. B

particula

speechi

the abs

exercise

isinterp

rightto

INTERES

The int

attentiv

newspa

discussi

provinci

Mostof

(newspa

Radio) o

family a

there w

listening

Radio

newspa

politics

[Ref. 4

Muslims

interest

news in

Sinhales

of the T

Muslims

oftenp

newsas

oftheTa

onTVas

7Fore

ecoveryThe

GOFDEMOC

discussionsr

and large,

rlyreferring

thepost

wa

nce of viole

politicalpow

etedasdem

otewhileso

INPOLITICS

rest respon

ness to

ers/magazin

nswithfamil

landnation

thecitizensr

pers/magazin

r discuss pol

nd friends.

as a prefer

to news o

over

ers or

ithfamilyan

] Tamils

show a

in listeningt

compariso

.7 For insta

amils and 40

state

that

t

yattentiont

opposedtot

milsand40

opposedtot

hnicanddistri

PublicPerspect

RACY

evealthatre

they associa

othenewly

rperiod.

Th

ce, the free

r,freedomt

cracyforma

eothersun

ATLOCAL,P

dents take i

political

s,

TV,Radio

yandfriends

lpolitics.

arelyorne

es, TV,

itics with

However,

ence for

TV and

reading

iscussing

dfriends.

nd the

higher

political

to the

ce, 37%

% of the

hey

very

political

he18.6%of

oftheMusli

he34%ofth

tanalysisrefe

ive

Howoftenwoul

payattentiont

politicsont

Howoftenwoul

payattentiont

politicsont

Howoften

woul

payattentiont

politicsinnew

magaz

Howoftend

politicswit

fri

Ref.

Nev

spondentsu

te the mean

acquiredfre

peaceful

at

om to expre

odoajobth

nyresponde

erstanddem

OVINCIALAN

n politics w

ews in

,the

extent

,andthedeg

erpayatten

heSinhalese

msstatethat

Sinhalesew

rtoannexPg4

0

yousayyou

newsabout

heradio

yousayyou

newsabout

elevision

you

say

you

newsabout

spapersor

ines

oyoudiscuss

hfamilyand

nds

4Interest&Inv

r Rarel

derstandde

ing of dem

domofmov

osphereex

ss their polit

ylikeorfollo

ts.Forsome

ocracyasm

DNATIONAL

as examined

mainstream

owhich

peo

reeofintere

iontopolitic

whostateth

theypayatt

ostatethes

7

22.4

21.6

17.3

14.4

20

lvementinPoli

VeryO

ocracy ina

cracy with

ementandfr

eriencedas

ical views, fr

wareligiont

democracy

jorityrule.

LEVEL

in relation

media s

pleengage

i

ttheyexpres

alnewsinm

esame.Simi

ntiontopoli

ame.

|P a g e

33.0

39.9

49.7

45.7

41.5

44.5

36.2

33.9

40 60

ics

ten

varietyof

reedom,

eedomof

resultof

edom to

heywant,

eansthe

to their

uch as

political

sinlocal,

ssmedia

larly,44%

icalnews


12/91

Assess


Despite

part

respond

inpolitic

and nat

large

(80%) li

local af

expressi

interest.

interest

from

provinci

national

Political

commu

the Mu

interest

(37.2%).

politics

POLITIC

The

bulLanka,

ethnic

districts.

further,

knowled

measur

questio

and na

were

knowled

Minister

Council,

number

8Fore

9Fore

ecoveryThe

the overall l

f the

nts show i

satlocal,pr

ional level.

sections i

es mainly i

fairs, with

g a great

Peoples le

in politics

local (80%

l (72.4%)

politics(64.4

interest is

ity expresse

lims.8 For in

in local pol

Likewise,38

omparedtot

LKNOWLED

of

the

respwhich is se

communities9 In confir

respondents

ge of p

d using a

s related to

ional politic

uestioned

ge about th

, the official

nameofthe

ofmembersi

hnicanddistri

hnicanddistri

PublicPerspect

w interest e

astern

terest

vincial

Yet, a

terest

their

42.8%,

eal of

vel of

drops

) to

to

).[Ref.5]

igh amongst

a great dea

stance, 53.4

itics compar

oftheTam

heSinhalese

E

ndents

(81%en across

and the

ing this

objective

litics is

set of

provincial

s. People

on their

term of offi

languages, p

currentChie

ntheparliam

tanalysisrefe

tanalysisrefe

P

ive

pressed in li

all the thr

l of interest i

of the Ta

d to the Si

ilcommunity

(13.8%)andt

)

claim

they

ce of the Pr

olitical party

Ministeran

entfromthei

rannexPg5

rannexPg6

51.6

2.5

3.

0.0

Local

Politics

rovincial

Politics

National

politics

Ref.5 In

26.4%

Ref.6Co

stening to p

e communit

n compariso

il communit

nhalese (34.

expressesa

heMuslims(

are

fairly

inf

sident, nam

in the oppo

finally,thei

rdistrict.

25.7

22.2

312.4

17.0

21.6

.1

8.0

11.1

20.0 40.0

erestin PoliticsNational

20.0%

53.6%

mpositeIndex:

8

litical news,

ies, though

to the Sinh

y expresses

%) and the

reaterintere

21.2%).

rmed

of

poli

of the curr

ition of the

runderstand

42.8.1

46.7

42.2

60.0

atLocal,Provinlevel

Noans

Don'tk

Verylit

Somei

Agreat

oliticalKnowle

LowKnowle

ModerateK

HighKnowl

|P a g e

a greater

he Tamil

alese and

a greater

Muslims

stinlocal

tics

in

Sri

nt Prime

Provincial

ingofthe

ial&

wer

now/Notsure

tleinterest

terest

dealofinterest

ge

dge

nowledge

dge


13/91

Assess


Acomp

indicate

Eastern

[Ref.6]

Battical

political

knowled

(26.1%)

POLITIC

Thepoli

various

Council

activitie

conditio

was

conside

attendin

partym

contacti

officialt

or to

expressi

local

govern

to a pol

support

10Peo

questio

questio

answe

Those

haveL

11For

ecoveryThe

site indexw

bytheinde

respondents

Thisismainly

adistrict.11

knowledge,

ge of Sri Lan

andlow(27

LANDCIVIC

icalengagem

politicalactiv

electionshel

s, working w

ns,takingpar

person

ed unj

g a polit

eetingorar

ng a p

oaskforafa

raise an iss

ng views

overnance

ent officials

iticalparty, b

thatpartyby

lespoliticalk

ns related to

nscorrectlyw

ed1or3ques

hodidnotc

owpoliticalkn

thnicanddistr

PublicPerspect

sformulate

,foraregion

are politicall

seenamong

he26.4%of

ainlycompr

kan politics.

)politicalkn

ENGAGEMEN

entofpeopl

itieswithint

inMay200

ith a neighb

tinaprotest

ally

st,

ical

lly,

rty

vor

ue,

on

to

or

een persuad

attendingm

owledgeism

national and

eretakenaso

tionscorrectly

rrectlyanswe

owledge.

ictanalysisref

Politic

Particip

Civic

Particip

ive

usingthea

thatshowss

y knowledge

sttheTamils

theEastern

iseoftheSin

The Muslims

owledge.

T

isassessedt

elastyear.

andtheirpa

rhood or a

marchorad

edbysomeo

etingsorde

asuredusing

provincial poli

neshaving hi

weretakenas

ranyof the7

rannexPg6

42.

44.

0.0 20.

al

tion

tion

Ref.7

swerstothe

ignsofchang

able, even t

aswellasin

espondents,

halese.Over

are equally

hroughtheir

hisincludes

rticipationin

community g

emonstratio

ne from a po

onstrations.

compositein

tics. Those w

hpoliticalkn

havingmode

questionswer

5

4

44.

37.

40.0 60.0

Political&Civic

9

abovequest

e,littleover

ough in mo

heTamilpre

whodisplay

ll,20%displ

ivided betw

levelofinvol

otinginthe

otherkindso

roup to imp

,disobeying

litical party t

exmadeofan

ho answered

owledgewhile

ratepolitical

etakenas the

4 13.1

18.5

80.0 100.0

articipation

|P a g e

ions.10

As

alfofthe

derately.

dominant

a higher

aya low

en high

ementin

Provincial

fpolitical

ove local

lawthat

o vote or

swersto7

or more

oneswho

nowledge.

oneswho

Low

Moderate

High


14/91


10|P a g e

Inordertodeterminethepoliticalengagementofthecitizens,acomposite index

wasdevelopedusingtheirparticipationintheabovepoliticalactivities.12

According

to the index, 13.1% have a high engagement in political activities [Ref.7]. Thisfigure relates to the Sinhala people.

13 44.4%, which is the largest section of the

respondents, engage in political activities in moderation. This included a

considerablenumberofSinhaleseandTamils.Thosewhohavealowparticipation

inpoliticalactivities(42.5%)largelycompriseofTamilsandtheMuslims.

On the basis of gender, a majority of women (51.5%) have low political

participation compared to most of the men who comes under the categories of

high(21.2%)ormoderate(47.8%)participation.

The civic engagement of people was appraised through their involvement in the

local community as an active member of a group/association; religious group,

trade union or a farmers association, professional or a business association,

womensgroup,peoplesforumoranyotherNGOsponsoredlocalplanninggroup,

funeralsocietyoraneighborhoodgroup.

A composite index was developed using the level of involvement in the above

mentioned groups.14

As indicated by the index, nearly 20% of the citizens show

high levels of community participation while 37.1% show moderate

participation. [Ref.7]GenerallytheSinhaleseandTamilsfallwithinthis highand

moderate group15

. The 44.4% who indicate low civic participation, includes a

largenumberofMuslims.

On the basis of gender, it seems that womens civic participation is higher than

theirpoliticalparticipation.Forinstance,16.4%ofthewomenhavehighcivic

12TogaugepeopleslevelofPoliticalengagement,acompositeindexwasdevelopedusing

their involvement in8differentpoliticalactivities.Thosewhohaveparticipated in5to8

activitieswereconsideredastheoneswhohaveahighpoliticalparticipation.Thosewho

participated in 2 to 4 activities were considered as the ones who are having moderate

political participation while those who participated injust one activity or the ones who

didnt

participate

in

a

single

activity

were

considered

as

having

a

Low

politicalparticipation.

13ForethnicanddistrictanalysisreferannexPg7

14 Civic engagement is gauged through peoples level of involvement in their local

community as an active member of a group/association where a composite index was

developedusingtheirinvolvementin6differentlocalgroups/associations.Thosewhoare

active members of 3 to 6 groups were considered as the ones who have a high civic

participation while those who are members of 1 to 2 groups were considered as having

moderate civic participation. Those who are inactive members or nonmembers of a

groupisconsideredashavinglowcivicparticipation.



15/91

Assess


particip

regardt

compar

TRUSTI

TheEas

Nation

theCou

A m

respon

all the

though

onlyto

8]

Eve

seen a

commu

enforce

in part

the Pol

win a

among

commu

84.3%,

Courts

contras

Muslim

Tamils

distrust

(43.7%)

(21.4%)

Interest

tosom

When

appare

mostof

Muslim

16For

ecoveryThe

ation as opp

omen,their

edtotheirpo

NINSTITUTIO

ternrespond

l Parliament,

rts,inadditio

jority of

entsplacetr

e six institu

they place

someextent.

n

though

t

ross all the

nities, the

ment institu

icular, the C

ice and the

reatdeal of

t the Si

nity (Arm

Police

569.7%).

16

t to Sinhala

opinion,

have

in the

and the

.

ingly,withr

extent

whil

ompared to

tthatpeopl

theSinhales

s(58.1%)pla

thnicanddistr

PublicPerspect

osed to 6.8

civicparticip

liticalpartici

NS

entswerepo

Provincial C

ntothetrust

the

ustin

tions,

trust

[Ref.

is

is

three

law

tions,

ourts,

rmy,

trust

nhala

4.4%,

In

and

the

igher

Army

Police

gardtopolit

another

45

the trust pe

highlydistr

(50.4%)and

esometrus

ictanalysisref

The

Yo

Yo

or

ive

who have

ationseems l

ation(Mode

lledinterms

ouncil, Muni

theyplacein

icians,48.8%

statethat

t

ple place in

stpoliticians.

theTamils(

inpolitician

rannexPg8

ationalParliam

rProvincialCou

rMunicipalCou

PradeshiyaSab

Politici

TheAr

ThePol

TheCou

Ref.

high politi

ess(Moderat

ate 47.8%,L

ftheirtrust

ipal Council,

politicians.

statethatth

eydo

not

tru

he other six

Infactthisd

6.9%).Incon

s.

17.4

11.5

16.4

5.5

3

26.

17.5

22.

20.0

20.1

14.2

5.8

0.0 5

nt

cil

cil

a

ns

my

ice

rts

8TrustinPoliti

11

al participat

e 38.3%,Lo

ow31%).

insixstatein

the Army, t

eytrustthe

stthe

politici

state institut

istrustishigh

trast,amajo

4.0

6

41.7

65.2

65.7

63.6

48.8

45.9

59.2

52.4

45.7

.0 100.0

alInstitutions

No

Som

Gre

|P a g e

ion. With

40.5%)

titutions;

e Police,

oliticians

ansat

all.

ions, it is

amongst

ityofthe

rust

eTrust

tDealofTrust


16/91

Assess


ROLE

Therol

various

council

Anove

of org

Comm

politica

groups

wome

activei

Ref.9:

CBOs

NGO

Savings

Religiou

Political

Cultural

Neighb

Educati

Onthe

orbein

Tamilo

percent

andth

express

point.

ofbein

higher

Muslimdisappr

compar

(0.6 %

(4.6%)

same

district

17For

ecoveryThe

FWOMEN

eofwomeni

organization

andlocalaut

rwhelmingm

anizations b

nityBased

lparties,cult

. Unsurprisin

having a ro

nNGOs(12%

group

sgroup

party

group

rhood/villagegr

on/schoolgroup

whole,it

is

t

activeinth

pinion.17

For

ageoftheM

Tamils(6.1

the same

Similarly, in

activeinaN

percentage

s

(3oved of the

edtotheSin

) and the

who expres

iew point.

levelthereis

thnicanddistr

PublicPerspect

INPOLITIC

npubliclife

sandtheirle

horities.

jorityofres

t also bein

rganizations

uralgroups,

ly, amongst

le in educati

)andpolitical

Should

be

member

%

32.5

26.2

31.3

30.6

27.3

29.1

oup 30.4

26.4

eMuslims

listedorgani

instance, int

uslims(22.9

)who

view

terms

GO,a

f the

1.6%)

idea

alese

amils

s the

t the

a

ictanalysisref

Pa

P

L

Gov

ive

S

asassessed

elofreprese

ondentssup

g office be

(CBOs), NG

eighborhood

the listed in

n (65.5%) a

parties(10.8

s

Should not

onlybe

members

butalsobe

office

bearers%

56.7

54.3

59.4

56.4

54.9

58.1

59.6

65.5

hoare

less

s

zations,whe

ermsofbein

)disapprove

rannexPg9

6

0.0

liament

ovincial

ouncil

ocal

rnment

Ref.10Viewsco

ainlyinrela

ntationinth

ortwomen

rers in inst

s,savingsgr

/villagegrou

titutions, pe

d less supp

%).[Ref.9]

Shouldattend

butnot

actively/

occasionally

participate

%

5.1

7.5

6.1

8.1

6.9

6.7

5.8

5.1

upportiveof

comparedt

activeina

,compared

10

26.2

17.7

18.3

3

28.0

.3

14.7

14.8

.2

.3

10.1

22.2

25.4

28.8

20.0 40.

ntheleveloffeparliament,prncilandlocalg

12

iontotheir

parliament,

otjustbeing

itutions vary

oups,religio

s,toeducati

ople are sup

rtive of wo

Womensho

nothave

a

placeinsuc

organisation

5.8

12.0

3.3

4.9

10.8

6.1

4.3

3.0

womenhavi

theSinhales

oliticalparty

otheSinhal

8.1

.9

0

malerepresentavincial

vernment?

Don'tkno

Womenha

politics

Fartoolo

introduce

Fartoolo

representa

womenan

tomakemFairrepres

|P a g e

ositionin

provincial

members

ing from

sgroups,

n/school

ortive of

en being

ld

h

%

Total

%

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

gaplace

eandthe

,ahigher

se(2.4%)

tionin

/Notsure

venoplacein

needto

uota

tionbut

dpartiesneed

oreofaneffortentation


17/91


13|P a g e

higher reluctance amongst the Batticaloa respondents towards the active

participation of women compared to Ampara and Trincomalee respondents. For

instance, 10.2% of the Batticaloa respondents believe women should not have a

placeinCommunityBasedOrganisations(CBOs)asopposedtothosewhosaythe

sameintheAmpara(2.3%)andTrincomaleedistricts(5.7%).Similarly,15.6%ofthe

Batticaloa respondents believe women should not have a place in NGOs as

opposedtoAmpara(11.6%)andTrincomalee(7.8%)respondents.Respondents in general have a mixed opinion on female representation in the

Parliament,ProvincialCouncilandLocalAuthorities.Byandlarge,peoplefeelthat

thereisfartoolowrepresentation ofwomen inallthree institutions(Parliament

45.4%, Provincial Council 49.6%, Local Government 42.8%). Where the

respondentsfeeltherepresentationistoolow,theybelievethatthesituationcan

be addressed by political parties taking initiatives to increase female

representation

within

the

parties

or

by

women

themselves

making

an

effort

in

playinganactiveroleinpolitics,ratherthantheintroductionofaquotasystem.

Asubstantialpercentagealsobelievesthatthereisfairrepresentation(Parliament

26.2%, Provincial Council 17.7%, Local Government 18.3%). Over onefifth of

theEasternrespondentssaytheyeitherdonotknoworarenotsureofthelevelof

representationofwomenintheabovethreeinstitutions.[Ref.10]Although a substantial number of all three ethnic communities feel that there is

fairrepresentationofwomen intheelectedgovernment institutions,thisopinion

is

somewhat

higher

amongst

the

Muslims.

18

For

instance,

34%

of

the

Muslims

believe there is fair representation in Parliament than the Sinhalese (19.2%) and

the Tamils (24.4%) who state the same. Similarly, 22.8% of the Muslims believe

thereisfairrepresentationintheProvincialCouncilthantheSinhalese(13.4%)and

theTamils(15.9%)whofeelthesame.Ontheotherhand,theTamilsbelievethere

isfartoolowrepresentationinthethreeinstitutions(Parliament 53.8%,Provincial

Council 62.4%,LocalGovernment 54.7%).

On the basis of gender, more men and women seem to believe that womens

representation needs to be increased through quotas at the Provincial and Local

Governmentlevel

compared

to

those

who

say

the

same

about

representation

at

theParliament level. For instance,14.9%ofmenand14.6%ofwomenstatethat

representation needs to be increased through quotas at the Local Government

level. However, only 7.3% of men and 7.3% of women state that female

representationshouldbeincreasedattheParliamentlevel.



18/91

Assess


POWE

People

for th

power

onthe

of

Amend

constit

arrange

devolv

thepro

on p

were l

proposi

even if

Thepo

others.

Respon

proposi

power

favor o

lower,

somer

[Ref.1

TheTa

who h

overwh

powers

(Agree

higher

powers

majorit

With r

agree

respon

theAm

district

19For

ecoveryThe

RSHARING

were asked

ir views on

haring and

maincontent

the 13th

ment, the

tional

ment which

powers to

vinces.Views

owersharing

oked at in

tions.Firstly,

thoseof the

wersofsom

dentsexpres

tions. While

to the regio

f increasing

t58.3%.Its

gionalgover

]

ilsandMusl

ave a mixe

elmingmajor

to the regio

50%, Neithe

percentage

tosomeregi

oftheSinha

gard to the

ith the two

entsexpress

paraandTrin

levelfindings

thnicanddistr

PublicPerspect

&THE13T

terms of t

Thepower

government

regionalgo

edahigh le

there is an

al governm

powers of s

emsthatth

nments;18.4

imsagreeto

d opinion

ityofTamils

ns as oppos

r Agree nor

f Tamils (7

onalgovern

lesewhodisa

districts, a m

propositions.

strongagree

comaleedist

largelyreflec

ictanalysisref

Thepo

govern

increa

Thep

goverincreased

governmen

b

ive

HAMENDM

e agreeme

of

regional

atthecente

vernmentsm

elofagreem

verwhelmin

nts (77.9%),

me regional

citizensare

%disagreein

hetwoprop

r express

(88.8%)and

d to the Si

Disagree 1

.1%) and

entsmoreth

gree(67.6%)

ajority of th

However, a

mentasopp

ictswhoexp

ttheethnicd

rannexPg12

wersofsomere

mentsmayneed

sedmorethano

wersofregional

mentsshould

b

,evenifthoseof

tatthecenterh

edecreased.

Re

ENT

t expressed

government

rhave tobe

ayneedtob

entonboth

majority of

the percent

government

notinfavor

and17.5%

sitionsasop

isagreement

Muslims (79.

halese who

.6%, Disagr

uslims (64.2

antheother

.

respondent

larger perce

sedtothesi

essdisagree

emographics

18.3

5.8

1.5

0.0 20

ional

tobe

hers

l

the

veto

f.11PowerShar

14

with regar

should

be

i

decreased.

increased

hetwopow

support for

age of respo

s more than

fincreasing

xpressingun

posedtothe

.19

For inst

3%)support

have a mixe

e 33.2%). Li

%) support

s,incomparis

s in the thre

tage of the

gnificantperc

ent.Itseem

inthedistrict

22.9

32.1

35.4

45.8

17.5

.2

18.4

.0 40.0 60.

ing

|P a g e

to two

creased,

Secondly,

orethan

rsharing

devolving

ndents in

others is

owersin

certainty.

Sinhalese

ance, an

devolving

d opinion

kewise, a

devolving

ontothe

districts

atticaloa

entagein

sthatthe

.

StronglyDisagr

Disagree

NeitherAgree

Disagree

Agree

StronglyAgree

ee

nor


19/91

Assess


Onthe

devolvi

provinc

quarter

respon

state

unawar

content

level o

of th

amend

to the

provinc

12]Th

whoar

threee

This cl

unawar

theyex

EASTE

FollowiProvinc

existen

Provinc

undert

Provinc

Electio

firstPr

the firs

context

Provinc

Respon

electio

Council

weref

20For

21

A

briwww.e

ecoveryThe

13th

Amend

g power to

es. Th

s of the East

ents (75.

that they

e of its

, implying a

f understan

constituti

ent which

establishmen

ialcouncils.[

figureforth

not

aware

hnicitiesand

arly shows t

e of the 13th

presstheirag

RNPROVIN

g

the

enactial Council (

e as it was

ialCouncilha

hedirection

e was deme

totheEast

vincialCoun

t election aft

it is useful t

ialCouncil.

dents perce

sheldinMa

electionsan

rtherquestio

thnicanddistr

ef

history

of

thp.gov.lk

PublicPerspect

ent,only13.

the

ree

ern

6%)

are

ain

low

ing

nal

led

of

ef.

ose

fthe

main

c

atthedistric

hat even th

Amendmen

reementors

IALCOUN

ment

of

theNEPC) was

dissolved in

venotbeen

ftheGovern

ged followin

rnProvincial

ilElectionco

er the dem

o examine t

ption of the

y2008.They

ifso,thepa

nedastothe

ictanalysisref

e

Eastern

Provi

7

Ref.

ive

5%oftheEa

ntentof

the

level.20

ugh a vast

that introd

pportforde

IL

13

th

Amenestablished i

June 1990.

heldthereaft

oroftheNor

g a Supreme

Council (EPC

nductedinn

rger of the

e perception

EPC was pri

wereasked

rtytheyvote

reasonsfor

rannexPg13

incial

Council

e

2.4%

5.6%

3.7%

2WhatisthebAme

sternpopulat

13thAmend

ajority of t

ced the pro

olvingpowe

ment

in

19n 1988. Ho

s elections

er, itcontinu

thEasternPr

Court decisi

)washeld in

arly20year

orth East P

of Eastern

arily exami

hetherthey

for.Respon

otvoting.Ad

lections

downl

13.5%

1.3%

3.6%

sicobjectiveofdment?

15

ionundersta

entis

high

a

e Eastern P

vincial counc

rstotheregi

7,

the

Nortever, it ha

for the Nort

edtobead

ovince.The

on in Octob

May2008. I

intheEasta

ovince. Hen

itizens on th

ned in relati

votedinthe

entswhodi

ditionally,as

oaded

from

the13thStrengthen

Presidenta

Devolvemo

provinces

MakeSinhal

languageof

Increaseth

ofpowerin

Don'tknow

Refusetoa

|P a g e

ndsthatitis

crossall

the

ovince is

il system,

ns.

Eastern

a brief

Eastern

inistered

orthEast

r 2006.21

twas the

ndisalso

e, in this

e Eastern

n to the

Provincial

notvote

afurther

hepowerofthe

ainstParliament

repowerstothe

aanofficial

SriLanka

centralization

SriLanka

Notsure

swer


20/91

Assess


insight

which

theEa

PROVI

An

(84.5

Provin

in M

consis

three

distric

Electio

only

6

Of tho

follow

(16.6

those

almos

(29.9

they

vote

being

27.4%

too

while

regist

22For

23Dep

The

does

compaperma

ecoveryThe

into people

theyselecte

sternProvinc

NCIALCOUN

overwhelmi

)claimtoha

cial Council

y 2008, [R

sofmajoriti

ethnicities

s.22

Accord

n Departm

.7%

actually

se who clai

ed by the

). [Ref. 14

whodidnot

one

) of them

ere not ab

ue to being

awayfrom

h

state they

young to

another 20.

r.

thnicanddistr

rtmentofElec

overestimation

ot include v

ratively

less

pentlyresidein

PublicPerspect

s electoral b

candidates,

ialCouncilan

ILELECTION

g majorit

evotedinth

elections hel

f. 13] whic

sfromallth

and th

ing to th

nt, howeve

cast

their

vot

ed to have

UNF

] Of

ote,

third

state

le to

ill or

ome.

ere

vote

% stating t

ictanalysisref

tions,SriLank

of the voter

oters who h

robability

oftheEast.

0.

20.

40.

60.

80.

100.

ive

ehavior, the

thelegitimac

dtheChiefM

y

e

d

h

e

e

e

r,

e

in

the

East

oted, 80.7%

at they we

rannexPg14

participation c

ve lived out

articipating

in

Ref

80.7

UPFA

Ref.14

were asked

oftheelect

inisteronthe

rn

Provincial

state that th

e not regist

ould be becau

ide the East

voting

comp

8

14.3%

1.2%

.13DidyouvotElectionsh

16.6

UNF

hichpartydidy

16

about the c

ionsandthe

EasternProv

Council

elect

ey voted for

ered in the

se the survey

ern Province

ared

to

the

v

.5%

intheProvincieldinMay2008

2.

Ot

ouvotefor?

|P a g e

riteria on

impactof

ince.

ions

23

.

the UPFA

electoral

population

and have

oters

who

lCouncil

Yes

No

NoResponse

8

er


21/91

Assess


Prese

reaso

societ

when

candid

Sinhal

incline

candid

repres

party

which

loyal t

protec

anoth

partic

theM

comm

partic

Most

preser

respo

A larg

electi

in a l

Yet,

divide

its leg

of

statin

freea

statin

free

alarge

faira

fair.25

not fr

respo

in Trin

opinio

some

24For

25For

ecoveryThe

ted with a

cited by re

(46.5%). [

selecting t

ate.24

se are m

d to select

ate t

ents his/

or the party

his/her famil

o. The abilit

t religion

r reas

larly

amo

uslimrespon

unities (Sinh

larcriterion

f thepeople

ve the cultu

dentsinthe

e percentag

nswere

con

legitimate m

their opini

on the ext

itimacy;with

he respo

it is som

dfairwhile

it is com

nd

fair.

[Ref.ercentageof

opposedto

In contrast,

ee and fair.

dentsthoug

comalee dist

n of those

hatfreean

thnicand

distr

thnicanddistr

PublicPerspect

ariety of fac

spondents

ef. 15] Mos

eir

he

ore

a

hat

her

to

y is

to

as

on,

gst

ents.Surpri

ala 26%, T

orselectingt

in the three

re of their s

mparadistri

of the citiz

ucted

anner.

n is

ent of

45.9%

dents

ewhat

43.8%

pletely

16]

A

theSinhales

heTamilsan

10.3% of th

In terms of t

ttheelectio

rict thought

in Ampara

fair.

ictanalysis

ref

ictanalysisref

Ref.15

Factors

Theca

Theca

Becaus

Hisabil

Hisabil

Theca

Therei

Candid

Candid

Other

ive

tors for sele

as the abili

ly Tamils an

ingly,acons

amil 35.7%,

heircandidat

districtsmai

ociety. How

ctselectaca

ens, 89.7%,

believethe

dtheMuslim

Eastern res

he district, a

wassomew

heelection

district is d

rannex

Pg

15

rannexPg16

:CriteriainSelec

didaterepresen

didaterepresen

myfriendssup

itytopreserveth

itytoprotectmy

didaterepresen

noparticularre

tewhoserveth

tewhodevelop

45.9%

10.3

ef.16Doyoubelecti

ting candida

ty to preser

the Musli

iderableperc

Muslim15.

e.

nly look for

ver, a consi

didatewho

believe that

electionswe

s,whofeelit

ondents sta

considerabl

hatfreeand

as complet

ivided betw

tingaCandidat

smyparty

sthepartythat

orthim/her

ecultureofour

religion

smycaste

ason

publicwell

thecountry

43.8%

lievethattheEnwasfreeand

17

tes, the mos

ve the cultu

s consider t

entage inall

6%) did not

candidate

erable perc

epresentsth

the Provinci

ecompletel

issomewha

te that electi

number of

fairwhileres

ely freeand

een comple

myfamilyisloya

society

sternProvinceair?

Wascomplet

Wassomew

Wasnotfree

|P a g e

t popular

e of our

is aspect

thethree

have a

ho could

ntage of

irparty.

l Council

freeand

freeand

ons were

atticaloa

pondents

air. The

ely and

%

30.5

l 24.0

11.1

46.5

25.6

9.1

25.8

15.0

2.8

7.6

elyfreeandfair

atfreeandfair

andfair


22/91

Assess


UPC

Thoug

comin

Gener

witho

they

theth

onth

theSL

(45.5

undec

(88.6

appar

respo

IMPA

Withr

Easter

24.6%

useful

highli

Easter

16.9%

greatl

Easter

develo

and

Howe

that it

positi

impac

there

chang

Provin

the

Provin

the

Furthe

of the

17]

26For

ecoveryThe

MINGELECTI

hthegeneral

gmonths,th

alwillbeh

tbeing

infor

ouldcastth

reeethnicitie

partythey

FP.Thiscate

)voters.On

ided, of whi

). Similarly, t

nt, with a l

dentsremai

TOFTHEPR

egardtothe

nProvince,4

statingithad

in at

hting concer

n people

stating

it

helped

n Province s

pment assi

ddress pro

er, 19.8%

has had nei

e nor a ne

, signifying

has not bee

in E

ce as a res

newly e

cial Council

Chief Mi

rmore, one

Eastern resp

thnicanddistr

PublicPerspect

ONS

publicwasa

ydidnotha

eld initially,

medon

the

irvoteinth

sinthedistri

illcasttheir

oryconsists

heotherha

ch comprise

he reflection

arge section

ingundecide

VINCIALCO

impactofth

1.5%ofther

been

least

ns of

while

has

the

ecure

tance

lems.

state

her a

gative

that

n any

stern

ult of

lected

and

ister.

third

ondents (32.

ictanalysisref

H

ive

arethatan

einformatio

t the timet

ypeof

electi

upcominge

ts.26

Yet,onl

votefor;36.

ofmostofth

d,41.7%oft

a large pe

of the majo

of the pred

d.

NCILANDT

ProvincialC

espondentst

7%) express t

rannexPg16

Refu

Don'tkn

Hasbeenha

Eastern

Hashadnothad

ornegative

Hasbeensomew

atleasthighlight

ofEastern

asgreatlyhelpe

rovincesecured

assistanceand

proble

Ref.17WhatitheChiefMi

electionwas

onwhichel

esurveywa

onthat

was

lection.This

halfofthe

8%ofthem

eSinhalese(

heEasternr

rcentage of

rity ethnic vi

ominantly T

ECHIEFMIN

uncilandth

hinkthe imp

heir ignoran

0.0

setoanswer

ow/Notsure

rmfulforthe

people

anypositive

impact

hatusefulin

ingconcerns

people

theEastern

evelopment

address

s

impacthasthePinisterhadonth

18

goingtobeh

ection Presi

conducted.

tobe

held,

9

pinion isvoi

(50.8%)hav

tatetheywil

2.8%)andth

spondentsst

the Tamil c

wpoint in a

mil Batticalo

ISTER

ChiefMinist

acthasbeen

e of the imp

2.4

3.6

19

16.9

20.0

rovincialCouncieEasternProvin

|P a g e

eldinthe

dentialor

Yet,even

3.9%said

cedbyall

edecided

lvotefor

eMuslim

illremain

mmunity

district is

a district

eronthe

positive

act. [Ref.

32.7

.8

24.6

40.0

landce?


23/91

n

a

Assess

Earlierthe

arrowandcl

people.No

wideningthe

cidentsinvol

havebecom

amilGovern

inBatti

entofTheEas

roadsare

tteredwith

theyare

roadsand

ingvehicles

efewer.

entOfficer

aloa

ternProvince

The et

hasa

negati

respo

Chief

Asto

power

adviso

fullpo

theye

Lookin

Musli

and4

comm

know

the

Simila

perce

theth

they

notsu

[

DEVE

Devel

keyde

develo

perce

progra

Furthe

comm

receiv

Given

highli

needs

and h

conce

27For

28For

ecoveryThe

hnic perspec

positiveopini

ve percepti

dentshavea

inisterthan

hereasonst

sofhisoffice

rsandthe fa

wersorfund

itherdonotk

gatthefindi

commun

%oftheTa

unity do

or not sure

reason

ly, a lar

tage from

reedistrictss

ont know

re.

LOPMENTI

pment in th

velopmentis

pment issue

tion of deve

m for the

rmore, in a

unity,those

dcompensa

16 categorie

hted by a m

tobeimprov

aving access

nsoftheciti

thnicanddistr

thnicanddistr

PublicPerspect

ive shows t

onasoppos

n.27

The di

positiveopin

theAmpara

hatmake it

,16.3%state

ct that thec

.Yetmoret

nowornots

gsontheba

ity

il

t

of

.28

ge

all

ay

or

THEEAST

Eastern Pr

sues,andthe

s over the l

lopment tak

astern Provi

tempting to

howerema

ion/assistan

s of develo

ajority of re

ed. Besides,

to clean wat

ens. [Ref.1

ictanalysisref

ictanalysisref

58.9%

ive

at a higher

dtotheSin

strict analys

ionoftheim

ndtheTrinc

ifficultforth

thatitisdu

ntralgovern

anhalf(58.9

reoftherea

sisofethnicit

RNPROVI

vince is asse

irperception

st year. In

n place as a

nce, Nagen

ascertain t

eriallyaffect

e.

ment issues,

pondents. 7

havingacces

er are given

]

rannexPg18

rannexPg18

Ref.18 Therehfindingitdifficu

ercentage in

aleseandth

is shows t

actofthePr

maleerespo

eChiefMinis

tohislacko

ment isobst

%)oftheEas

son.[Ref.18]

y,nearly70

CE

ssed from re

oftheimpro

ddition, the

result of th

hira Navod

he recovery

edbywarwe

roads and

.5%, also b

tomorejob

priority as t

10.2%

14.5%

16.3

vebeenreportslttoexercisethhydoyouthin

19

the Tamil c

eMuslimsw

at mostly

ovincialCoun

dents.

tertoexerci

fexperience

uctinghim i

ternrespond

oftheSinhal

spondents o

ementoffiv

survey asses

governmen

ya (Eastern

of the war

reaskedwh

ransport (83

lieve that h

s,improving

he main dev

thattheChieffullpowersofthisisso?

Helacksex

goodadvis

Thecentral

obstructing

himfullpo

Amixofbo

Dontknow

|P a g e

mmunity

hoholda

atticaloa

cilandits

ethefull

andgood

granting

ntsstate

aandthe

pinion on

ofthese

sed their

initiated

Revival).

affected

therthey

.6%) was

alth care

ducation

elopment

inisterisisoffice.erienceand

rs

governmentis

himingranting

ersorfunds

h1&2

/Notsure


24/91


20|P a g e

TheTamilsandMuslimsassigngreater importancetomanyofthedevelopment

issues, particularly the Tamils considering most of the issues to be very

important.29

For instance, to name a few of the listed development issues, an

overwhelming majority of the Tamils consider electricity (92.1%), personal

security (90.2%), clean water (90.7%) and human rights protection (84.1%) as

very important. The Sinhalese on the contrary express a mixed opinion (eg;

electricity: Very important 46.9%, Somewhat Important 12.1%, Least

important41%).Voicingtheopinionofthemajorityethnicityinthedistrict,the

Batticaloa respondents too assign greater importance to most of the

developmentissuesliketherespondentsintheAmparaandTrincomaleedistricts.

Ref19:ImportantdevelopmentIssues

CATEGORIES

VeryImportant

%

Somewhat

Important

%

LeastImportant

%

ImprovingRoadsandTransportation83.6 11.2 5.2

ImprovingHealthCare78.5 13.3 8.3

Morejobs77.6 14.9 7.5

CleanWater77.4 11.5 11.1

ImprovingEducation76.9 14.7 8.4

BetterElectricityService74.7 11.3 14

Housing69.2 20.9 9.9

PersonalSecurity/ReducedCrime67.6 14.1 18.3

Irrigationwater65.6 19.4 14.9

HumanRightsProtection61.6

19.6

18.8

Landissues61 23.5 15.5

Accesstoloans59.9 22.8 17.3

Equipmenttocarryoutlivelihood

activitiese.g.fertilizer,outboardmotors 59.1 23.3 17.6

Improvedaccesstosellproducts58.4 23.8 17.8

ReducingEthnictensions58.1 20.6 21.3

AccesstoPaddyLand51.2 24.8 24

Accesstofishingwater47.4 23.5 29.1


Regardingmedical

services,morepeoplecan

gettreatmentinthe

hospitalanditconsumes

lesstime.Earliertheschools

wereneglected. Nowthey

havedemolishedtheold

schoolsand

put

up

new

buildings.

Tamil,Government

OfficerinBatticaloa


25/91


21|P a g e

When asked about the improvement of roads and transport, health care,

education, access to clean water and electricity over the last year, over 50% of

therespondentsintheEaststatedthataccesstoroads,transport,andeducation

has improved over the past year. This is further affirmed by the indepth

discussionscarriedoutwiththepeople,wheresomestatethatundertheMaga

Naguma program roads have been reconstructed improving overall transport

whileintheeducationsectortheyhavewitnessedanimprovementintermsthe

provisionofnewschool

buildings and

conducting of teacher

trainingprograms.

Intwoofthefiveareas,

respondents state that

there

have

been

improvementsoverthe

past year. With access

to clean water,

however the majority

sees neither an

improvement nor

deterioration (53.5%).

Respectively, the

perceptiononaccesstobetterelectricity issplitbetween improved(48.7%)and

nochange(48.8%). [Ref.20]On the whole, theTamil communitybelieves all the above five conditions have

improved30

.Yet,incontrastaconsiderablepercentageofSinhaleseandMuslims

believe the situation of these development issues remains the same. Of those

who feel the development situation has deteriorated, slightly over 10% of the

Sinhalesebelievetheiraccesstocleanwaterhasdeteriorated.10%oftheTamils

and 14% of the Muslims believe their access to roads and transportation has

deteriorated.

At the district level, improvement was noted more in the Batticaloa district in

contrast to the Ampara and Trincomalee districts. In addition, over 10% of the

respondentsintheAmparadistrictbelievethesituationofaccessingcleanwater

has deteriorated. Similarly, over 10% of the respondents in Ampara and

Tricomalee districts believe their access to roads and transportation has

deteriorated. Once again the district views seem to reflect the opinion of the

respectiveethnicitiesinthethreedistrictsoftheEasternProvince.


44.9

56.4

52.4

36.6

48.7

49.7

32.3

42.6

53.5

48.8

5.4

11.3

5.0

9.9

2.6

0.0 50.0 100.0

AccesstoImproving

HealthCare

AccesstoImprovingRoads

andTransportation

AccesstoImproving

Education

AccesstoCleanWater

AccesstoBetterElectricity

Service

Ref20:Doyouthinkthefollowingissueshaveimprovedoverthelastyear?

Deteriorated

Neither

improved

nordeteriorated

Improved


26/91

Assess


Accor

develo

agricul

fertiliz

Busin

draina

accord

develo

under

Never

the la

Althou

labore

Sinhalbeliev

itcan

wassl

move

thatn

that t

thepo

NAG

Over

Nage

expres

Sinhal

Navod

of the

respo

aware

Navod

progra

respo

and T

those

claim

respo

roads

schem

31

For

ecoveryThe

ing to the

pmentinitiat

lture sector,

erstoragefa

sseshaveex

gesystemsa

ingtothere

pment proj

rivileged,bu

heless, despi

st two years

ghjoboppo

rs. Moreove

sethan

the

therehasb

stillbeimpro

wprogressi

ent, particu

othingmuch

ere is poor

orplanningi

NAHIRANAV

50% of the

ahira Navo

sed by a m

se however

aya progra

districts, th

dents show

ness of the

aya d

m incompar

dents of t

rincomalee d

whoareawa

to have b

dents lista

in the interi

es,fertilizer,

thnicanddistr

PublicPerspect

indepth int

iveshavecre

eople are gi

ilities,ricest

eriencedso

ndcanalsin

spondents,N

ects such

ildingroads,

te having wi

respondent

tunitieshav

, there is a

Tamilsin

ter

enanimpro

vedfurtherb

nlivelihooda

larly in the H

hashappene

lanning in d

developme

ODAYAPRO

Eastern res

aya develo

ajority of th

express a co

. In terms

Batticaloa

a lesser

egenahira

velopment

isontothe

e Ampara

istricts. Of

reoftheNe

nefitted fr

ariety of de

or and in th

aterfacilitie

ictanalysisref

ive

Ref.2

rviews, East

atednewjob

ven loan faci

oragefaciliti

egrowthas

ertainareas

GOshaveca

as providing

ousesandc

nessed prog

s state they

beencreate

perception

msof

job

op

vementinth

yproviding

ctivitiesbeca

SZs and the

d in termsof

evelopment.

t.

RAM

pondents st

ment progr

e three eth

nsiderably hi

genahiraNav

m it [Ref.

elopment ini

e main city,

stopromote

rannexPg22

42.5%

AwarenessoftDevelop

ern respond

opportunitie

lities and ot

sandseeds

aresultofth

havealsobe

riedoutac

microcred

nstructingto

ress in devel

are faced w

d, it was ma

of preferenc

portunities.S

agricultural

aterfacilitie

useofthere

inadequate r

developmen

Political inte

ate that th

am [Ref. 2

icities and

gher awaren

odayaprogr

22]. In the

tiatives such

rebuilding b

agriculture,

22

57.5%

he'NegenahiraentProgram

nts believe

sforthepeo

er necessitie

tomakenurs

edevelopme

nrenovated

nsiderablen

it facilities

iletsetc.

pment activ

ith various

inly in the ca

e being give

imilarly,tho

sector,some

forcultivati

strictioninfr

esources. So

twhileothe

ference is bl

y are awar

]. This awa

in the distri

ss of the N

m,aonefift

indepth d

as the const

ridges, provi

rovidinghou

|P a g e

avodaya'

Yes

No

that the

le.Inthe

s such as

erybeds.

t.Tanks,

.Further,

umberof

for the

ities over

roblems.

tegory of

n to the

ghmany

feelthat

n.There

edomof

e argue

sbelieve

amed for

e of the

reness is

ts.31

The

genahira

h(20.3%)

iscussions

uctionof

ding loan

sing


27/91

ind

get

rur

an

p

lek

Na

g

M

Assess

ecanexpres

velopmenta

ogetherass

aldevelopme

dcomeupwi

riorities(pra

naya).Throg

expressourv

development.

Nagumaan

gumaprogr

vernmentdo

work.

SinhalaFa

rawewa,Tri

entofTheEas

sourideas

tivities.We

cieties(eg:

ntsociety)

thalistof

ukatha

uhthiswe

iewson

Gama

Maga

msofthe

eslotsof

merin

ncomalee

ternProvince

faciliti

tanks,

Fouro

Nage

progra

discus

that b

the

them,

under

Navod

limite

peopl

Negeaffect

initiati

Trinco

benefi

impro

of sta

progra

prese

Anov

consul

develo

also c

gover

who

in

Never

respo

they

expres

the

instan

have

sucha

pram

were

opinio

ecoveryThe

s, electricity

providingbet

utoffiveres

ahira

m.

In

th

sions respon

enefits have

ajority. A

the develo

the

aya progra

toconflict

interviewed

ahiraNavod

dbythecon

vesas thed

maleedistrict

tedfromthis

ement,acco

ing that not

m while so

tedasNege

rwhelming

ted by the

pmentofthe

onfirm that

ment author

akesthede

develop

heless, a

dents state

were

abls their opini

authorities.

ce, some

formed so

sruraldevelo

katha leken

eldwithvilla

nswereobtai

PublicPerspect

, improving

termedicalf

ondents(79.

Navodaya

indepth

ents reveal

not reached

cording to

ment work

Negenahira

is either

ffectedarea

intheAmpa

ayahas

not

flict,andide

velopmentp

,somepeopl

developmen

dingtothei

ing new ha

e argue tha

ahiraNavod

ajority(90.3

Governmen

area[Ref.2

ost of the

ities in decis

isions

ment.

few

that

to

on to

For

eople

ieties

pmentsociet

ya tohand

geleadersto

nedforthe

ive

Ref.2

Ref.23Government

termso

schools, ren

cilitiesasbe

7%)statetha

or limited t

radistrictsta

reachedthe

ntifiedonly

rojects that

einthecoast

tprogram.F

terviewscon

taken place

developme

ayadevelop

%)of

the

pe

t/Provincial

].Theindep

respondents

ion making.

yandhavec

over to thea

discussdevel

oraWewa

2

79.7%

Haveyoubenprogra

9.7%

0.3%

aveyoubeencProvincialCounfthedevelopm

ovating religi

efitsreceive

ttheyhaven

themainci

tethatthed

mparadistri

agaNagum

erecarried

alareaalsos

rther,busin

ducted.Som

under the

t work carri

entinitiativ

oplestate

th

Councils/Loc

thdiscussion

were not co

ome affirm

meupwith

uthorities. In

opmentissu

cheme.

23

0.3%

fittedfromthess?

onsultedbytheil/LocalAuthorintinthearea?

ous sights a

d.

otbenefitted

ty.For insta

evelopment

ctas

it

was

andGama

out in thear

atethatthey

sseshaveno

evengotot

Negenahira

ed out by N

s.

atthey

have

l Authoritie

sthatwerec

nsulted by t

hat it is the

listofpriori

somecases,

s.Inaddition

|P a g e

e

Yes

No

y in

Yes

No

nd water

fromthe

ce,some

nderthe

ottotally

Naguma

ea. In the

havenot

tseenan

heextent

avodaya

Os were

notbeen

s in the

rriedout

he above

politician

iescalled

meetings

,peoples


28/91

I

c

g

own

gro

lea

Al

Assess

Vattamadu,

ltivatingthe

roundsandt

ersdonotha

undsforthec

stoconfront

theMusli

Tamil Fishe

iyadivembu,

entofTheEas

theyare

grazing

ecattle

vegrazing

attle.This

ationwith

s.

manin

Ampara

ternProvince

Of tho

more

COMP

Over5

Ofthe

are d

equip

their

and t

livelih

Musli

Those

comp

the d

they

comp

they

comp

[Ref.

comp

majori

NGOs

LAND

Land i

land,

inabili

These

comm

In

depsevera

of lan

land.

andth

32For

33 Inte

Conflichttp//

ecoveryThe

se who say t

amilrespon

ENSATION/A

0%of

the

res

42.4%who

stroyed or d

ent.Onthe

ousehadbe

e Muslims

ods equipm

s(14.7%).

materially a

nsation

/

a

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Assessment of Eastern Province Recovery - The Public Perspec

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