Are You Ready For Some Math! · hours per day, everyday for one year. How many kJ is this? 3600 sec...
Transcript of Are You Ready For Some Math! · hours per day, everyday for one year. How many kJ is this? 3600 sec...
ENERGY MATH REVIEW
Are You Ready For Some Math!
Efficiency = Energy OutEnergy In
Power = EnergyTime
Energy = Power x Time
EnergyJoules (J)kilocalories (kcal)Calories (Cal)British Thermal Units (Btus)Kilowatt-hour (kWh)therm
PowerWatt (W)Kilowatt (kW)Horsepower (hp)
1 Watt = 1 J/s
Written as a decimal or percent!
Showing Your Work!
860 kcal1 kWh
600 kWh/yr x
With Units!!
The easiest way to show your work with units is to use dimensional analysis.
A single-door, manual defrost refrigerator uses 600 kWh/year. How many kcal/year does it use if 1 kWh = 860 kcal?
= 516, 000 kcal/yr
Suppose your electric lights use 400 W per hour, an average of 4 hours per day, everyday for one year. How many kJ is this?
3600 sec1 hr
400 J/s x x4 hrs1 day
x365 day1 year
x1 kJ
1000 J= 2.1 x 106 kJ
Scientific NotationEnergy problems involve big numbers.
To make the math more manageable, it is helpful to write things as scientific notation.
Rewrite a number as M x 10n
1 < M < 10n is any real number
When the n is a negative, the number is small.When the n is a positive, the number is large.
300 000 000 m/s 3 x 108 m/s
0.000 000 000 000 000 000 000 000 00167 kg1.67 x 10-27 kg
Scientific NotationWhen you add and subtract with scientific notation, you need the power of ten to be the same.
Then you just add and subtract the M.
4.5 x 104 1.75 x 104+ = (4.5 + 1.75) x 104 = 6.25 x 104
2.4 x 106 5.2 x 107+ = 2.4 x 106 52 x 106+ = 54.4 x 106
= 5.44 x 107
6.2 x 104 3.1 x 103- = ?
5.89 x 104
Scientific NotationWhen you multiply and divide with scientific notation, you multiply or divide the Ms.
Then you add the exponents if you are multiplying.Then you subtract the exponents if you are dividing.
5.1 x 103 x 2 x 106 = 10.2 x 109 = 1.02 x 1010
= 3.5 x 1047 x 108
2 x 104
Sometimes we use prefixes to mean scientific notation.Kilo = x 103
Mega = x 106
Giga = x 109
It’s a Skill so Let’s Practice!