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\@AULR[ATJTLJ DL [TJT DA@ OICDIUJ

I.B|cgjr|

J^CAKJAA A@EIROJTAKLJ^CAKJAA A@EIROJTAKLJ^CAKJAA A@EIROJTAKLJ^CAKJAA A@EIROJTAKL

-`itl dl k|r{a c|krra dl cjbirjtir!

Kmaa`| 2>>>

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KX\ >>4.1 ->7>>. == ~.

C|krjrlj ki`a`l ~ra`ka~jclcl `ia|`a a dlea`aaa da` diol`a|c a`eirojtakaa. [|`t l}~cakjtl

~rikldllcl dl c|kr| ` olda|c {a{tlo|c|a dl i~lrjrl Wa`diw{ 1>>

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K|~ra`{

Tloj :.A`eirojtakj8 dlea`aaa a `ia|`a e|`djol`tjcl............................

Tloj 2.Kjck|cjtir|c8 luic|aj# |`atacl ~ra`ka~jcl.................................

Tloj ;.A`eirojaj -djtlcl!8 kcj{aeakjrl a ~ri~ralta.............................

Tloj 4.^rlc|krjrlj a`eirojala.Rl{|r{lcl ~rigrjojtl jcl kjck|cjtir|c|a....................................

Tloj

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Tloj :2.^rikl{jrlj tjblclcir. ^rikl{ir|c dl tjblclL}klc.......................

Tloj :;.\tacaxjrlj ~rjktak j ~rikl{ir|c|a dl tjblclL}klc.....................

Tloj :4.Kjck|c|c tjblcjr.\tacaxjrlj eiro|clcir a j e|`kaacir `L}klc...............................

Tloj :

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Tloj :.

A`eirojtakj8dlea`aaa a `ia|`a e|`djol`tjcl

Dle. :.:.A`eirojtakj l{tl taa j kl {t|dajx{tr|kt|rj a`eirojala a oltidlcl dl ~rlc|krjrl j la

k| jh|tir|c kjck|cjtir|c|a.

Tlrol`|c a`eirojtakj l{tl a`trid|{ ` j`|c :155# rl~rlxl`t`d i jbrlualrl j erjxla erj`klxl

a`eirojtai` j|tiojtaz|l -` trjd|klrl jr {|`j / a`eirojal j|tiojtaxjt!.

Dlea`aaj jd|{ dltlroa` `ia|`acl e|`djol`tjcl# ~l kjrl cl {t|dajx a`eirojtakj8

/ kjck|cjtir|c6

/ a`eirojaj -{tr|kt|rj a`eirojala!6

/ ~rlc|krjrlja`eirojala.

[kmlojtak a`eirojtakj ~ijtl ea rl~rlxl`tjt ` elc|c |rotir -Eag. :.:!8

Dle. :.2.Kjck|cjtir|c rl~rlxa`t |` j~jrjt# eirojt da` lclol`tl lclktri`akl# kjrl ~rlc|krljx

a`eirojaj erjh|tir|c io|c|a# l}lk|t`d ~rigrjol lcjbirjtl dl ktrl io.

Dle. :.;.A`eirojaj l{tl i kio|`akjrl {kra{ # irjc {j| dl jct `jt|r # kjrl obigltl

k|`ita lcl `ij{trl dl{~rl olda|c `ki`h|rtir -dl{~rl ibalktl# lul`aol`tl# {at|jaa

ltk.!

Dle. :.4.A`eirojaj `l~rlc|krjtoja ~ijrtdl`|oarlj dl djtl.

Dle. :.

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~rlc|krljx a`eirojaj l}lk|t`d ~rigrjol -ki`{lk|tauata dl a`{tr|ka|`a# kiol`xa!#

kjrl a ki`a` jkl{tl rlg|ca# oltidl# ~rikld|ra.

` ki`tl}t|c Dle. :.4 {tr|kt|rj a`eirojtakaa ~ijtl ea rl~rlxl`tjt {|b eiroj da` Eag. :.2.

` tlolcl |rotijrl uir ea dlxuictjtl a l}joa`jtl dltjcajt ealkjrl da` `ia|`acl jd|{l a

dlea`atl oja {|{.

^rlc|krjrl

Kjck|cjtir

Djtl A`eirojal

Eag. :.2. [tr|kt|rj a`eirojtakaa

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Tloj 2.

Kjck|cjtir|c8luic|aj# |`atacl ~ra`ka~jcl

Uio jd|kl ktluj djtl a{tirakl# kjrl dloi`{trljx luic|aj kjck|cjtijrlcir8

:=;> Kmjrcl{ Bjbbjgl# ojtlojtakaj` l`gclx# lcjbirljx ~rialkt|c uaatir|c|a kjck|cjtir

-kio~|tlr!# j~jrjt kl ~rlc|krljx a`eirojaj# rlxicu ~ribclol l}lk|t`d ~rigrjol

-ki`{lk|tauata dl a`{tr|ka|`a# kiol`xa!. ^rialkt|c ki`a`l |`atacl dl bjx jcl

kjck|cjtijrlcir ki`tlo~irj`l# djr ro`l ~l mrtal da` kj|xj ca~{la ` jklj ~lraijd j

lclol`tlcir lclktrakl a lclktri`akl lkl{jrl6

:14< ` [\J l{tl ki`{tr|at ~rao|c kjck|cjtir -L@AJK!6

:1

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Tjblc|c 2.:.

Luic|aj a kjrjktlra{takacl kjck|cjtijrlcir ~lr{i`jcl

Gl`lrjaj a j`|c j~jraala rikl{ir -oidlc!

Kjrjktlra{taka8erlkul j dl tjkt -OMx!)

oc` i~lrjaa ` {lk)`|or trj`xa{tijrl)

ojga{trjc-bat{!

:17< =>=> 2)>.54)5>>>)=

:175

Gl`lrjajA

:177

:17= =>=5 .;;)21>>>):5

:171 =>== .;;)21>>>):5

:1=>

:1=: ABO/^K

:1=2 =>2=5 =):.2):;4>>>):5

:1=;

Gl`lrjaj

AA

:1=4 ABO/^K)JT

:1=< =>;=5D] :5)5)27>>);2

:1=5 Kio~jz Dl{f~ri ;=5

:1=7

:1== =>;=5[] :5)2.>);2

:1=1 4=5D] 2):.2 oc`);2

:11>

:11: 4=5[] 2>):5.):.2 oc`);2

Gl`lrjajAU

:11; ^l`ta|o 55)::2);.: oc`)54

[tr|kt|rj kjck|cjtir|c|a -rl{|r{lcl tlm`akl! j roj{ `l{kmaobjt ~l tit ~jrk|r{|c luic|ala c|a

-ulxa Eag. 2.:!. Luic|aj kjck|cjtijrlcir {l djtirljx luic|ala ~racir c|a kio~i`l`tl#

kjrl ~lroj`l`t {l ~lrelkai`ljx# {l kio~cltljx k| da{~ixataul `ia ltk.# j{telc

jdj~t`d|/{l cj lkl{atacl |tacaxjtiracir.

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^rikl{ir|c darahljx k| klclcjctl |`ata# k| l}lk|tjrlj ~rigrjolcir# l}lk|t klcl oja

{ao~cl i~lrjaa jratoltakl a cigakl. Ki`a`l ` {a`l 2 |`ata8 |`atjtlj dl darahjrl a

|`atjtlj dl kjck|c.

Oloiraj `rlga{trljx# ~{trljx a lcablrljx a`eirojaj -djtlcl!. [l kio~|`l da`

oloiraj i~lrjtau -lj `loahcikat ~jrtaka~ cj ~rlc|krjrlj a`eirojala# l jktau jt|`ka

k`d kjck|cjtir|c e|`kai`ljx! a oloiraj l}tlr` -lj l{tl eirojt da` daelratl

{|~irt|ra a`eirojai`jcl# ` ojhiratjtl ojg`ltakl {j| i~takl# a {lrultl ~l`tr|~{trjrlj a`eirojala a`daelrl`t# djk e|`kai`ljx {j| `| kjck|cjtir|c!. I kio~i`l`t

ao~irtj`t j oloirala l}tlr`l i rl~rlxa`t da{k|c ragad -`|oat Wa`kml{tlr {j| MDD! dl

i kj~jkatjtl ojrl# oi`tjt ` bcik|c dl {a{tlo jc kjck|cjtir|c|a.

\`atacl dl a`trjrl/alarl {lrul{k ~l`tr| a`trid|klrlj/l}trjglrlj a`eirojala `)da`

kjck|cjtir. L}lo~cl dl |`ata dl a`trjrl8 tj{tjt|rj# oi|{|c -iraklc|c!# {kj``lr|c#

da{kmalrj# KD/RIO# kj`jc|c dl kio|`akjrl ltk. L}lo~cl dl |`ata dl alarl8 oi`atir|c

-da{~cjq!# ao~raoj`tj# ~cittlr|c# da{kmalrj# KD/WRATLR# kj`jc|c dl kio|`akjrl ltk.\`j da` klcl oja ao~irtj`tl da{~ixataul dl a`trid|klrl j a`eirojala# dl cj`{jrl j kiol`xacir#

dl darahjrl k| kjck|cjtir|c l{tl tj{tjt|rj. Tj{tjt|rj kjck|cjtir|c|a j ei{t {tj`djrdaxjt#

c|`d|/{l ` kjcatjtl dl oidlc tj{tjt|rj k| :>: tj{tl j kjck|cjtijrlcir dl ta~ ABO. \`j

da` ujraj`tlcl dl tj{tjt|ra k| a`dakjaj xi`lcir la ~ra`ka~jcl l{tl rl~rlxl`tjt ` Eag. 2.2.

Uio jd|kl dl{ta`jaj |`ir tj{tl# {~lkaeakl c|kr|c|a cj kjck|cjtir# kjrl {l eici{l{k ~l`tr| |` ar

dl i~lrjaa# daelratl dl k|clglrlj tl}t|c|a8

Kjck|cjtir|c-MJRD!

^rikl{ir

Oloiral

\`at a dla`trjrl/alar l

\`atjtl dl darahjrl

\`atjtl dl kjck|c

Oloiral i~lrjtau

O loiral l}tlr`

Eag. 2.: . \`at acl kjck|cjtir|c|a

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L`tlr / cj`{jrlj kiol`xacir6 ` kjx|c k|clglraa tl}t|c|a trlklrlj cj |` r`d `i|6

[maet / trlklrlj tlo~irjr cj rlga{tr|c dl {|{ -` kjrl ~it ea k|cl{l catlrl ojh|{k|cl!6

Kj~{ Cikf / ea}jrlj rlga{tr|c|a dl {|{. ` kjx|c jktauraa jkl{t|a rlga{tr| {l j~ra`dl

a`dakjtir|c KJ^[ CIKF da` drlj~tj/{|{ j tj{tjt|raa6

Ktrc a Jct / {|`t `atl rlga{trl {|~caol`tjrl# ` kjrl {l cj`{ljx kiol`xa# {l oidaeak

rlgao|racl dl c|kr| ltk. Jkl{tl i~lrjaa {l l}lk|t ~ra` ~rl{jrlj tj{tlcir rl{~lktaul -Ktrc

{j| Jct! a jkai`jrlj {k|rt j jctir tj{tl6

Tjb / dl klcl oja o|ctl ira {lrultl ~l`tr| dl~cj{jrlj rj~ad j k|r{ir|c|a da`tr/i xi` ` jctj

j lkrj`|c|a6

Bjkf{~jkl / tlrglrlj |ctao|c|a kjrjktlr k|cl{. [l eici{ltl ~l`tr| kirlktjrlj grllcacir `

~rikl{|c k|clglraa a`eirojala dl ta~ tl}t6

Dlcltl / lelkt|jrlj tlrglracir -dl kjrjktlrl# dl erjgol`tl# dl jctl ibalktl!6

@|o Cikf / ea}jrlj rlga{tr|c|a `|olrak -dl k|clglrl j kaerlcir! jc xi`la `|olrakl.

C|oa`jrlj a`dakjtir|c @\O CIKF jrjt cj ~rlxl`j jkl{t|a rlga{tr|.

Eag. 2.2. Tj{tjt|rj kjck|cjtir|c|a ~lr{i`jc

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Tloj ;.

A`eirojaj -djtlcl!8kcj{aeakjrl a ~ri~ralta

Uio kcj{aeakj a`eirojaj -djtlcl! ` 2 kcj{l ojra8

a`tlr` kidaeakjt# ~{trjta ~rlc|krjt ` kjck|cjtir6

l}tlr` jeajt -l}trj{ da` kjck|cjtir!# `lclj{ dl ktrl io.

A`eirojaj a`tlr` l{tl rl~rlxl`tjt ` a`tlrair|c kjck|cjtir|c|a {|b eiro dl ar|ra eirojtl

da` 2 lclol`tl -kaerl!8 > a :. @|oja j{telc dl kjrjktlrl ~ijtl ~{trj a ~rlc|krj

kjck|cjtir|c# c|kr| kj|xjt dl {~lkaeak|c oloirala. Kidaeakjrlj a dlkidaeakjrlj

a`eirojala {l ejkl j|tiojt dl ktrl kjck|cjtir. Cj bjxj kidaeakraa irakrla a`eirojaa {l

jec kid|c ba`jr dl c|`gaolj =. Dl l}lo~c|8

kjrjktlr|c|a J ` kjck|cjtir a kirl{~|`dl kid|c :>>>:>>:6

kjrjktlr|c|a B kid|c :>>>:>:>6

... kjrjktlr|c|a : kid|c >>>>>>>:6

ltk.

Dle. ;.:. [l {~|`l k i ~ixaal j kid|c|a ba`jr -> {j| :! ki`a`l : batdl a`eirojal.

Dle. ;.2. \` kjrjktlr iba`|at -catlr# kaer# {lo` ltk.!# `lcl{ dl ktrl io# ki`a`l = bat{ {j|

: bqtl dl a`eirojal.

Dle. ;.;. : Fb ? 2:> bqtl{ :>>> bqtl{6 : Ob ? 2:> Fb :>>>Fb6 : Gb ? 2:> Ob :>>> Ob.

Jd|klo ktluj l}lo~cl dl kj~jkata jcl |`ir {|~irt|ra a`eirojai`jcl8

i ~jga` dl kjrtl -eirojt J> dl kjrjktlrl {j| 2.< Fb6

i kjrtl k| 4>> ~jga`a ki`a`l : Ob dl a`eirojal6

i da{kmlt dl ;.

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A`eirojaj l}tlr` l{tl dl oja o|ctl ta~|ra8

tl}t|jc6

grjeak6

eitigrjeak6

{i`ir6

oa}t-{j| kioba`jt!.

A. A`eirojaj tl}t|jc a`eirojal eirojt da` ar|ra dl kjrjktlrl.

:. Kjrjktlr|c ~jrtlj kio~i`l`t oa`aojc j a`eirojala tl}t|jcl -~ijtl ea i catlr# i

kaer# |` {lo` dl ~|`kt|jal ltk.!

^ri~ralta jcl kjrjktlrlcir8

/ eiro# dltlroa`jt dl dl`|oarlj gjr`at|raa -Jrajc# Jrjbaj# Taol{ @lw Rioj`#Ao~jkt...!6

/ {tac -Rlg|cjr# Bicd# Atjcak# Bicd Atjcak# \`dlrca`l# \`dlrca`l Atjcak# \`dlrca`l Bicd#\`dlrca`l Bicd Atjcak!6

/ k|cijrl -:5 k|cira!6

/ oraol {j| `caol# l}~raojt ` ~|`ktl -:2 ~t{# :> ~t{# := ~t{ ltk.# |`dl 72 ~t{ ? :? 2.

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^ri~raltacl dik|ol`t|c|a tl}t|jc8

/ `|ol -` ojhiratjtlj kjx|racir `|olcl dik|ol`t|c|a l{tl jtrab|at dl ktrl |tacaxjtir!6

/ ta~ -l{tl jtrab|at dl ktrl kjck|cjtir# dl~a`dl dl a`{tr|ol`t|c)~rigrjo|c kl j eirojt {j|

j ~rlc|krjt dik|ol`t|c!6/ uic|o -{l dltlroa` dl kj`tatjtlj dl kjrjktlrl da` dik|ol`t!6

/ tao~ a djtdl eirojrl)kirlktjrl -{|`t ~rlc|jtl dl cj klj{ir`ak|c dl {a{tlo!6

/ ta~ dl jkkl{ -{l jtrab|al dl ktrl |tacaxjtir!.

AA. A`eirojaj grjeak a`eirojal eirojt da` lclol`tl grjeakl.

:. Lclol`t|c grjeak ~jrtlj kio~i`l`t oa`aojc j a`eirojala grjeakl - / ~|`kt|c#

/ {lgol`t|c#**** / jrk|c dl kark|oelra`!.

^ri~raltacl lclol`t|c|a grjeak8

/ ~ixaal -{l dltlroa` dl kiirdi`jtl# |`gma|ra# rjxl dl k|rb|r ltk.!6

/ oraol {j| gri{aol -` ~|`ktl!6

/ k|cijrl -`|or|c k|ciracir dl~a`dl dl kjcatjtlj a ~lreiroj`lcl oi`atir|c|a!.

2. Eag|rj lclol`tjr eag|r {tj`djrd# eirojt da` lclol`tl grjeakl - / drl~t|`gma|c#

**** / lca~{j# **** / ca`aj k|rb#YYYY"""" / daelratl {gla# ltk.!. Eag|racl lclol`tjrl {l ki`a`

` kjck|cjtir ` babcaitlka {~lkajcl.

^ri~raltacl eag|racir lclol`tjrl8

/ ~ixaal -{l dltlroa` dl kiirdi`jtl# |`gma|ra# daol`{a|`a ltk.!6

/ oraol {j| gri{aol j bird|raa -` ~|`ktl!6

/ k|cijrl j bird|raa -`|or|c k|ciracir dl~a`dl dl kjcatjtlj oi`atir|c|a!6

/ k|cijrl j ki a`|t|c|a -`|or|c k|ciracir dl~a`dl dl kjcatjtlj a ~lreiroj`lcloi`atir|c|a!6

/ |obr6

/ ~rlxl j tl}t|c|a ` a`tlrair|c eag|racir# orga`atl dl ca`aa `kma{l.

;. Dik|ol`t|c grjeak -dl{l`|c! / titjcatjtlj lclol`tlcir grjeakl a eag|racir lclol`tjrl

dl{l`jtl a){j| kirlktjtl `tr/i {lkul` dl c|kr|.

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^ri~raltacl dik|ol`t|c|a grjeak8

/ `|ol -jtrab|at dl ktrl |tacaxjtir!6

/ ta~ -{l jtrab|al dl ktrl kjck|cjtira dl~a`dl dl a`{tr|ol`t|c)~rigrjo|c kl {/j eici{at cj

~rlc|krjrlj dik|ol`t|c|a!6/ uic|o -l{tl dltlroa`jt dl kj`tatjtlj a kjcatjtlj dl a`eirojal da` dik|ol`t!6

/ tao~ a djtdl eirojrl)kirlktjrl -{|`t ~rlc|jtl dl cj klj{ir`ak|c dl {a{tlo!6

/ ta~ dl jkkl{ -{l jtrab|al dl ktrl |tacaxjtir!.

AAA. A`eirojaj eitigrjeak a`eirojal kj~tjt da` l}tlrair -da` olda|c `ki`h|rtir! k|jh|tir|c |`ir da{~ixataul {~lkajcl -j~jrjt|c dl eitigrjeajt# dl l}lo~c|!.

:.^|`kt|c ~jrtlj kio~i`l`t oa`aojc j a`eirojala eitigrjeakl.

^ri~raltacl ~|`kt|c|a8

/ ~ixaal6

/ oraol6

/ k|cijrl -`|or|c k|ciracir dl~a`dl dl kjcatjtlj a ~lreiroj`lcl oi`atir|c|a a){j| dlda{~ixatau|c dl kj~tjrl!.

2. Dik|ol`t|c eitigrjeak -eitigrjeaj! / titjcatjtlj ~|`ktlcir -aojga`lj! `rlga{trjtl dl

da{~ixatau|c dl kj~tjrl.

^ri~raltacl dik|ol`t|c|a eitigrjeak8

/ `|ol -jtrab|at dl ktrl |tacaxjtir!6

/ ta~ -jtrab|at dl ktrl kjck|cjtira dl~l`dl`t dl a`{tr|ol`t|c)~rigrjo|c kl {/j eici{at cj~rlc|krjrlj dik|ol`t|c|a!6

/ uic|o -dltlroa`jt dl kj`tatjtlj a kjcatjtlj a`eirojala da` dik|ol`t!6

/ tao~ a djtdl eirojrl)kirlktjrl -{|`t ~rlc|jtl dl cj klj{ir`ak|c dl {a{tlo!6

/ ta~ dl jkkl{ -{l jtrab|al dl ktrl |tacaxjtir!.

AU. A`eirojaj {i`ira`eirojaj eirojt da` ki`{lk|tauata a){j| {|~rj~|`lra dl {|`ltl.

:. [|`lt|c ~jrtlj kio~i`l`t oa`aojc j a`eirojala {i`irl.

^ri~raltacl {|`lt|c|a8

/ d|rjt6

/ `caol6

/ a`tl`{atjtl6

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/ taobr|.

2.Dik|ol`t|c {i`ir/ titjcatjtlj {|`ltlcir `rlga{trjtl `tr/i {lkul` dl c|kr|.

^ri~raltacl dik|ol`t|c|a {i`ir8

/ `|ol -jtrab|at dl ktrl |tacaxjtir!6

/ ta~ -jtrab|at dl ktrl kjck|cjtira dl~l`dl`t dl a`{tr|ol`t|c)~rigrjo|c kl {/j eici{at cj~rlc|krjrlj dik|ol`t|c|a!6

/ uic|o -dltlroa`jt dl kj`tatjtlj a kjcatjtlj a`eirojala da` dik|ol`t!6

/ tao~ a djtdl eirojrl)kirlktjrl -{|`t ~rlc|jtl dl cj klj{ir`ak|c dl {a{tlo!6

/ ta~ dl jkkl{ -l{tl jtrab|at dl ktrl |tacaxjtir!.

U. A`eirojaj oa}t a`eirojal iba`|t ~ra` oba`jrlj j oja o|ctir ta~|ra dl a`eirojal

-tl}t & dl{l`# dl{l` & tl}t# tl}t & eitigrjeal# eitigrjeal & {lkul` {i`ir ltk.!

Dik|ol`t|c# kl ki`a`l a`eirojal oa}t# jrl jklclja ~ri~ralta kj a |` dik|ol`t

iba`|at -tl}t|jc# grjeak ltk.!# ajr ta~|c c|a l{tl dltlroa`jt dl a`{tr|ol`t|c k| kjrl j ei{t

eirojt {j| ~rlc|krjt.

Ib{lrujaj ;.:. ` kjck|cjtir l}a{t |` ar dl dik|ol`tl# kl ki`a` a`eirojal kidaeakjt#

`lclj{ `|oja dl lc. Jkl{tl dik|ol`tl kidaeakjtl -dl l}lo~c|8 ~rigrjol# babcaitlka#

draulrl jcl |`atacir ltk.! {|`t dl{ta`jtl ~l`tr| e|`kai`jrlj `irojc j kjck|cjtir|c|a.

Lcl j| ~ri~ralta j{lo`tijrl klcir jcl dik|ol`tlcir ol`ai`jtl oja {|{.

Ib{lrujaj ;.2. \`lcl dik|ol`tl -tl}t|jcl# grjeakl# oa}tl! {l l}trjg cj ao~raoj`t -~l mrtal!.

^l`tr| j{telc dl dik|ol`tl l}a{t i `ia|`l dl {tr|kt|r ~jga`j# kjrl jrl |` ar dl

~ri~ralta {~lkaeakl8

/ daol`{a|`a -dl l}lo~c|# 2:}21.7 ko ? eirojt J4# 2}J4 ? J;# J4)2 ? J< ltk.!6

/ iral`tjrl -^irtrlt ` ~akaijrl# Cj`d{kj~l k|ckjt!6/ daol`{a|`a jcl ko~|racir-ti~ dl {|{# bittio dl hi{# clet da` {t`gj# ragmt da`

drlj~tj!6

/ oraolj ko~|c|a ~l`tr| bri|rjrl -G|ttlr!6

/ ~jratjtl6

/ daol`{a|`a jcl j`tlt|c|a -Mljdlr! a {|b{ic|c|a -Eiitlr! ltk.

Ib{lrujaj ;.;. Dlijrlkl tijtl ta~|racl dl dik|ol`tl# a`daelrl`t dl ki`a`|t# j| jklclja

~ri~ralta# lcl ~it ea ~rauatl kj `atl ibalktl {aoacjrl. ^l`tr| j{telc dl ibalktl l}a{t |`

ar dl i~lrjaa dl gl{ta|`l -~rlc|krjrl!# k|o jr ea8 eirojrl a jtrab|arl `|ol# {kmaobjrl j

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`|olc|a# da{tr|glrl# dl~cj{jrl da`tr/|` cik ` jct|c# eirojrl dl ki~aa ltk. ` kjck|cjtijrl

jkl{tl i~lrjaa k| dik|ol`tlcl {l l}lk|t ` olda|c {a{tlolcir dl i~lrjrl.

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Tloj 4.

^rlc|krjrlj a`eirojala.Rl{|r{lcl ~rigrjojtl jcl kjck|cjtir|c|a

Kjck|cjtir ~rlc|krljx a`eirojaj {a`l{tttir {j| ` kicjbirjrl k| io|c# l}lk|t`d ~rigrjol

-ki`{lk|tauata dl a`{tr|ka|`a# kiol`xa!. Dl rlg|c# ~rigrjolcl {l ~{trljx ~l

{|~irt|racl ojg`ltakl jcl kjck|cjtir|c|a -~l da{k|ra! a {l cj`{ljx d|~ `lkl{atjtl.

Dle. 4.:. ^ra` rl{|r{lcl ~rigrjojtl jcl kjck|cjtir|c|a uio `lclgl titjcatjtlj ~rigrjolcira j

{a{tlolcir dl ~rigrjol a`{tjcjtl ` kjck|cjtir.Kcj{aeakjrlj t|t|rir rl{|r{lcir ~rigrjojtl l{tl jd|{ ` Eag. 4.:# |`dl8

Rl{|r{l~rigrjojtl

-[IET!

dl {a{tlo {a{tlol dl~rigrjojrl

j~cakjtaul

dl {a{tlo[a{tlol dli~lrjrl

Bj{ak ^rikl{ijrl dltl}t

^rigrjol dltl{tjrl

^j{kjc ^rikl{ijrlgrjeakl

J{{lobclr

^rikl{ijrl dltjblcl

Bjxl dl djtl

^rigrjol dldl{lruarl

Eirtrj`

[a{tlolldatirajcl

^rigrjol{~lkajcaxjtl

Hik|ra

Eag. 4.:. Rl{|r{l ~rigrjojtl jclkjck|cjtijrlcir

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Rl{|r{lcl ~rigrjojtl dl {a{tlo rl~rlxa`t klcl oja gl`lrjcl ~rigrjol# kjrl j{ag|r

e|`kai`jrlj kjck|cjtir|c|a# {lrul{k ~l`tr| tl{tjrlj a dltlktjrlj dlelka|`acir# ulraeak

oloiraj# dltlktljxa da{tr|g uar|aa ltk. ^jrtlj kio~i`l`t ~ra`ka~jc j jkl{tla kcj{l

dl ~rigrjol i eiroljx {a{tlolcl dl i~lrjrl# k|o jr ea O[/DI[# Wa`diw{ 1

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Tloj

Wa`diw{ 1< l{tl cj`{jt ` j|g|{t :11< dl ktrl earoj Oakri{iet a k|klrltl |tacaxjtiraa ~ra`

{ao~catjtlj# kioidatjtlj# |`aulr{jcatjtlj {j# ~ra` ~i{abacatjtlj dl j eiroj {ao~c| rllcl

cikjcl dl kjck|cjtijrl# ~ra` ~i{abacatjtlj dl jkkl{ cj A`tlr`lt.

` ki`ta`|jrl uir ea dlea`atl a l}~cakjtl klcl oja ao~irtj`tl `ia|`a# kl a` dl l{l`j irakrir

{a{tlol dl i~lrjrl. Ojhiratjtlj `ia|`acir uir ea ki`krltaxjtl ~l`tr| olda|c {a{tlo|c|a

dl i~lrjrl Wa`diw{ 1

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Dl rlg|c# `|olcl {|`t jtrab|atl eaalrlcir dl ktrl |tacaxjtir jt|`ka k`d lcl {l eiroljx {j|

{l ki~al. ` olda|c Wa`diw{ ` jejr dl `|ol eaalrlcl j| a i rl~rlxl`tjrl grjeak -cj

lkrj`|c oi`atir|c|a lcl {|`t rl~rlxl`tjtl {|b eiroj |`ir dl{l`l k| i dl`|oarl

~aktigrjol!. Dl l}lo~c|8*#"#+ / dik|ol`tl iba`|atl# kl ki`a` a`eirojal6

$ / dik|ol`t/~rigrjo# kl ~ijtl ea cj`{jt6* / ~rigrjo da` olda|c Wa`diw{-a`{tjcjt d|~ tijtl rlg|cacl dl a`{tjcjrl!.

Dle. ; kjrjktlrl -catlrl cjta`l# kaerl# jctl kjrjktlrl!# jca~at ~l{tl ~|`kt dl `|olcl eaalr|c|a.

L}tl`{a|`lj j~ri}aojtau a`dak ta~|c a`eirojala kl {l ki`a`l ` eaalr. ` ojhiratjtljkjx|racir l}tl`{a|`lj `|olc|a eaalr|c|a l eirojt a jtrab|at dl ktrl kjck|cjtir `

dl~l`dl` dl ta~|c a`eirojala da` eaalr {j| dl ~rigrjo|c# kjrl uj ea eici{at ~l`tr|

kio~cltjrlj {j| kirlktjrlj ki`a`|t|c|a eaalr|c|a. Dl l}lo~c|8

t}t# dik ta~|c eaalrlcir kl ki`a` a`eirojal tl}t|jc6

bo~# gae# ~k}# h~g ta~|ra ~l`tr| eaalrl k| a`eirojal grjeak6

}c{ ta~ jc eaalrlcir k| a`eirojal tjblcjr6

dbe ta~ jc eaalrlcir kl ki`a` bjxl dl djtl6

l}l# kio# bjt eaalrl kl ki`a` ~rigrjol l}lk|tjbacl -kjrl ~it ea cj`{jtl! ltk.

@|olcl o~rl| k| l}tl`{a|`lj eiroljx `|olcl l}ta`{ jc eaalr|c|a -dl l}lo~c|8 j.t}t!.

` Wa`diw{ ta~|c eaalr|c|a -dik|ol`t|c|a! ~ijtl ea dltlroa`jt {|~caol`tjr d|~

dl{l`|c dl ~l ~aktigrjoj c|a.

Dle.

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Dle.

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Dle. . Kjcl -^jtm! jdrl{j eaalr|c|a -darlktir|c|a! ` oloiraj kjck|cjtir|c|a. Lj {l

eiroljx da` `|olcl da{k|c|a a j darlktijrlcir# ~ra` kjrl {l trlkl {~rl j jh|`gl cj eaalr

-darlktir!# dl{~ratl ~ra` {lo`|c S. Dl l}lo~c|# kjclj {~rl eaalr|c e< -{j| jdrl{j

eaalr|c|ae< c|a! da` {a{tlo|c dl eaalrl da` Eag.

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Tloj 5.

[a{tlo|c dl i~lrjrl Wa`diw{ 1

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AA. Lclol`tlcl lkrj`|c|a Wa`diw{ 1

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AAA. \tacaxjrlj oi|{|c|a -iraklc|c|a! ` olda|c Wa`diw{.

` olda|c Wa`diw{ a ` oldaacl ~rigrjolcir a`{tjcjtl ` Wa`diw{ oi|{|c rl~rlxa`t |`|c

da` klcl oja |tacaxjtl da{~ixataul dl a`trjrl jcl kjck|cjtir|c|a. K| oi|{|c {l l}lk|t|rotijrlcl i~lrjaa8

~ixaai`jrl dl~cj{jrl j oi|{|c|a ~l bari| ` {ki~|c dl~cj{raa a`dakjtir|c|a

oi|{|c|a -~ia`tlr! ~l lkrj` ~l`tr| j/c ~ixaai`j ~l |` ibalkt {j| `tr/|` diol`a|6

{icakatjrl kcak {t`g -` ki`ta`|jrl kcak! ~l ibalkt|c jcl{ dl cj lkrj` -~aktigrjo#

lclol`t ltk.!. Ibalkt|c j{telc {icakatjt {kmaob k|cijrlj6

dl{kmadlrl -cj`{jrl! d|bc|/kcak {t`g -` ki`ta`|jrl d|bc|/kcak! ~l ibalkt. `

rlx|ctjt jrl cik dl{kmadlrlj ibalkt|c|a -ki`a`|t|c c|a {l jealjx `tr/i elrlj{tr! {j|

cj`{jrlj ~rigrjo|c|a -` kjx|c k`d ibalkt|c jcl{ rl~rlxa`t ~aktigrjoj |`|a

~rigrjo!. D|bc|c/kcak ~ijtl ea `cik|at k| kcak# |rojt dl L`tlr -kcak & L`tlr!6

trjglrl dl~cj{jrl j oi|{|c|a ~l bari| k| b|ti`|c {t`g ~rl{jt. [l eici{ltl# dl

l}lo~c|# ~l`tr| j dl~cj{j -j ki~aj! ibalktl ~l lkrj` da`tr/i xi` ` jctj6

jeajrl ol`a| ki`tl}t|jc kcak drl~t ~l ibalkt# ` diol`a| ltk. Rlojrko jaka# k

` Wa`diw{ k| tijtl ibalktlcl ~it ea l}lk|tjtl `atl i~lrjaa# tijtl ibalktlcl j|~ri~ralta# {~lkaeakl cir. ` ol`a|c ki`tl}t|jc j~jrl ca{tj kiol`xacir# kjrl ~it ea

l}lk|tjtl k| ibalkt|c jcl{ a i~a|`lj dl uax|jcaxjrl a){j| oidaeakjrl j ~ri~raltacir

ibalkt|c|a -^ri~lrtal{...!6

trjglrl {~lkajc / dl~cj{jrl j oi|{|c|a ~l bari| k| b|ti`|c drl~t ~rl{jt. [l eici{ltl

~l`tr| o|tjrlj# ki~alrlj ibalktlcir {j| eirojrlj {k|rtt|racir -[mirtk|t!. I~a|`lj

rl{~lktau {l {icakat da` ol`a|c ki`tl}t|jc# kjrl {l jealjx d|~ lcablrjrlj

b|ti`|c|a drl~t jc oi|{|c|a

Ib{lrujal. Cj lkrj`|c oi`atir|c|a a`dakjtir|c oi|{|c|a -~ia`tlr|c! ~raoltl daelratl eirol `

e|`kal dl ~ixaai`jrlj c|a `tr/|` diol`a| {j| jct|c# ~l |` lclol`t jc lkrj`|c|a {j|

jct|c. Jkl{tl eirol {|glrljx |tacaxjtir|c|a# dl rlg|c# ta~|c i~lrjala kl ~ijtl ea

lelkt|jt k| ibalkt|c {j| lclol`t|c. Dl l}lo~c|8

! / rlgao dl ~ixaai`jrl# {icakatjrl# cj`{jrl6

/ rlgao dl rldaol`{ai`jrl -oidaeakjrl j daol`{a|`acir!6

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/ rlgao dl o|tjrl# ki~alrl6

(/ rlgao dl {lclktjrl j tl}t|c|a6

%/ rlgao dl a`{lrjrl j |`|a kjdr| -elrlj{tr drl~t|`gma|cjr! ~ra` trjglrl6'''' / i~lrjal a`tlrxa{# a`jdoa{abac ltk.

AU. Elrl{trl Wa`diw{ 1

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K| elrl{trlcl j~cakjaa {l ~it lelkt|j |rotijrlcl i~lrjaa8

dl~cj{jrl ~l lkrj` ~ra` trjglrlj bjrla dl tatc|6

rldaol`{ai`jrl ~ra` trjglrlj bird|racir {j| j kic|racir6 oa`aoaxjrl ~ra`tr/|` kcak ~l b|ti`|c dl oa`aoaxjrl. Elrlj{trj oa`aoaxjt {l {tr`gl `

bjrj dl j~cakjaa# dl |`dl ~ijtl ea rl{tjbacat k| |` kcak ~l dl`|oarlj la6

oj}aoaxjrl -l}ta`dlrl ~l tit lkrj`|c! ~ra`tr/|` kcak ~l b|ti`|c dl oj}aoaxjrl. Cj

elrlj{trj oj}aoaxjt b|ti`|c dl oj}aoaxjrl {l trj`{eiro ` b|ti` dl rl{tjbacarl# kjrl#

eaa`d jkai`jt k| |` kcak# rl{tjbacltl elrlj{trj cj oraolj `irojc -a`aajc!6

`kmadlrl |` kcak ~l b|ti`|c dl `kmadlrl. ` rlx|ctjt elrlj{trj da{~jrl dl cj lkrj` -{l

{tr`gl ` ~aktigrjoj# dl |`dl j ei{t dl{kma{!6

jkt|jcaxjrl -{j| {kijtlrl cj {|~rjej ` kjx|c# k`d cj lkrj` {|`t dl{kma{l oja o|ctl

elrl{trl! |` kcak ` irakl diol`a| uaxabac jc elrl{trla {j| ~l `|olcl la ` bjrj dl j~cakj aa.

Elrlj{trj jkt|jc jrl bjrj dl tatc| dl i k|cijrl ki`t|rjt -dl l}lo~c|# jcbj{tr!.

Ib{lrujal8 Bjrlcl dl dleacjrl {lrul{k ~l`tr| dl~cj{jrlj a`eirojala ` a`tlrair|c elrl{trla `

{ki~|c dl j i uldlj ~l klj `lkl{jr. ^l`tr| jklj{tj {l jkai`ljx k| kcak|ra b|tij`lcl

k| {gla dl cj l}trloatacl bjrlcir dl dleacjrl {j| {l trjgl caet|c.

Kj{ltlcl dl dajcig j~jr cj lkrj` ` ~rikl{|c cj`{raa |`ir kiol`xa {j| ` kjx|c |`ir

kio|`akra da` ~jrtlj kjck|cjtir|c|a. Lcl rl~rlxa`t elrl{trl {~lkaeakl k| daol`{a|`a ea}l

-`| ~it ea rldaol`{ai`jtl# oa`aoaxjtl {j| oj}aoaxjtl!# dl k|cijrl gra a ki`a` |` ar dl

lclol`tl ~ra` kjrl {l kio|`ak k| kjck|cjtir|c. Jkl{tl lclol`tl {|`t jd|{l ` Eag. 5.4.

Tijtl lclol`tlcl kj{ltla dl dajcig {l jkai`ljx k| kcak|ra {ao~cl jcl oi|{|c|a8

` ca{tl {l {icakat k| |` kcak |`|c da` lclol`tlcl ca{tla -lclol`t|c {icakatjt l{tl ki`t|rjt dl

|` ei` jcbj{tr|!6

` kj{ltlcl dl tl}ta ` |`lcl kj{ltl kioba`jtl k| |` kcak {l ~ixaai`ljx k|r{ir|c dl tl}t

-! ` a`tlrair|c cir ~l`tr| j {l k|clgl a`eirojaj lkl{jr6

kj{ltlcl kioba`jtl {l trj`{eiro ` ca{tl k| |` kcak ~l b|ti`|c k| {gljt - ! da` drlj~tj

cir. ` kjx|c k`d lcl ki`a` a`eirojal `|olrak k| kcak|ra ~l b|tij`lcl da` drlj~tj -"!

`|olrl da` kj{ltl {l orl{k {j| {l oakirljx k| i |`atjtl6

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kj{ltlcl dl ujcadjrl a b|tij`lcl dl i~a|`l {l jktauljx k| |` kcak# jkkl~t`d|/{l

i~a|`acl rl{~lktaul -` ko~|racl rl{~lktaul jcl cir j~jrl |`|c da` kjrjktlrlcl8 {j| !6

ltakmltlcl k| kcak|ra ~l lcl {l jealjx cj {|~rjej i kjrtlc {j| jctj da` kj{ltj dl dajcig k|

oja o|ctl kjrtlcl -tradaol`{ai`jc!6

kj{ltlcl dl ac|{trjrl {lrul{k ~l`tr| i uax|jcaxjrl ~rljcjbac j rlx|ctjtlcir oidaeakracir

ibalkt|c|a6

Kj{lt dl tl}t

Kj{ltkioba`jt

Kj{lt dlujcadjrl

Kj{lt dlac|{trjrl

B|ti` dli~a|`l

B|ti` dlkioj`d

Ca{t

Ltakmlt

Eag. 5.4. Lclol`tlcl kj{ltlcir dl dajcig.

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b|tij`lcl dl kioj`d IF {j| Ql{ `kmad kj{ltlcl dl dajcig# jkkl~t`d|/{l a`{tjcracl

-jclglrlj! ek|tl# ajr Kj`klc # Kci{l # @i cl `kmad er jkkl~tjrl -tit|c ro`l jj k|o

j ei{t ~` cj dl{kmadlrlj kj{ltlcir!. Jkai`jrlj klcircjctl b|tij`l dl kioj`d -dl

l}lo~c|8 Briw{l... # Eirojt... # I~tai`{... ! d|kl cj dl{kmadlrlj jctir kj{ltl dl dajcig.

Ib{lrujal8 Jkkl~tjrlj {ltracir lelkt|jtl ` kj{ltlcl dl dajcig ~ijtl ea ek|t k| L`tlr -cj

tj{tjt|r!# ajr rle|x|c cj lcl k| L{k. ` joblcl kjx|ra kj{ltlcl dl dajcig da{~jr dl cj

lkrj`.

U. Ol`a|ra Wa`diw{ 1

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Ol`a|c ~ra`ka~jcjc ~rigrjo|c|a Wa`diw{ ki`a`l |rotijrlcl i~a|`a8

^rigrjo{} / k|tjrl a cj`{jrl j ~rigrjolcir# a`{tjcjtl ` olda|c Wa`diw{6

Dik|ol`t{} / k|tjrl a dl{kmadlrlj j dik|ol`tlcir# k| kjrl {/j c|krjt rlkl`t -` jkl{t{|bol`a| {l ~{trljx ca{tj |ctaoacir:< dik|ol`tl# kjrl j| ei{t dl{kma{l {j| k| kjrl {/j

c|krjt!6

[ltta`g{} / trlklrl cj rlgao|ra dl a`{tjcjrl# ki`eag|rjrl j daelratir |`ata {j| da{~ixataul jcl

kjck|cjtir|c|a# dl a`{tjcjrl {j| dlxa`{tjcjrl j ~rigrjolcir ltk.6

Ea`d} / jktaujrlj |`|a rlgao dl k|tjrl j dik|ol`tlcir {j| di{jrlcir ` kjck|cjtir# dl

k|tjrl j kjck|cjtijrlcir ` rllj ltk.6

Mlc~ rlgao dl j{a{tl` -jh|tir! da` ~jrtlj kjck|cjtir|c|a6

R|`... rlgao dl cj`{jrl j ~rigrjolcir dl irakl ta~# kjrl {l ki`a` ` oloiraj

kjck|cjtir|c|a6

[m|t diw`... rlgao dl `kmadlrl# rl{tjrtjrl j kjck|cjtir|c|a.

` jtl aj |tacaxjtir|c|a*

`kmadlrlj kjck|cjtir|c|a {l ejkl ki`{lk|tau# ~ir`a`d dl cj ol`a|c ~ra`ka~jc jc ~rigrjo|c|aWa`diw{ - [tjrt [m|t diw`... Ql{ !.

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Tloj 7.

[a{tlo|c dl i~lrjrl Wa`diw{ 1

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I jct oidjcatjtl8

/ {l l}lk|t |` kcak ~l ibalkt6

/ {l jkai`ljx tj{tj Dlcltl # j~ia tj{tj L`tlr.

I j trlaj oidjcatjtl8

/ {l trjgl ibalkt|c ~l ki|c dl g|`ia -~aktigrjo ~l Dl{fti~ k| `|olclRlkqkcl Ba`!6

/ {l ki`earotlrglrlj k| |` kcak ~l b|ti`|c Ql{ ` kj{ltj dl dajcig j~r|t.

k! rl{tjbacarlj ibalktlcirtlr{l8

/ {l dl{kmadl ki|c dl g|`ia -Rlkqkcl Ba`!6

/ da` a`tlrair|c elrl{trlaRlkqkcl Ba` {l trjgl ` l}tlrair -~l Dl{fti~ {j| ` jct di{jr!~aktigrjoj ibalkt|c|a kl {l rl{tjbacltl.

d! dl{kmadlrlj ibalktlcir8

/ {l l}lk|t |` d|bc|/kcak ~l ibalkt {j| ki`{lk|tau8 |` kcak a L`tlr.

l! ki~alrlj -o|tjrlj! ibalktlcir -~rikldl|c jd|{ l{tl |`aulr{jc# ~l`tr| irakl ta~|ra dl

ibalktl# erjgol`tl dl tl}t# dl tjblc {j| dl dl{l` ltk.!8

/ {l l}lk|t |` kcak drl~t ~l ibalkt6

/ ` ol`a|c ki`tl}t|jc j~r|t {l {icakat Ki~q -~l`tr| ki~alrl! {j| K|t -~l`tr|o|tjrl!6

/ {l dl{kmadl dl{ta`jaj -di{jr|c# ` kjrl {l ki~al {j| {l o|t ibalkt|c!6

/ kcak drl~t ` a`tlrair|c elrl{trla dl{ta`jal6

/ ` ol`a|c ki`tl}t|jc {l {icakat^j{tl.

e! {kmaobjrlj `|olc|a ibalkt|c|a8

/ {l l}lk|t |` kcak drl~t ~l ~aktigrjoj ibalkt|c|a6

/ ` ol`a|c ki`tl}t|jc {l {icakatRl`jol6

/ dl cj tj{tjt|r {l k|clgl |` jct `|ol6

/ {l jkai`ljxL`tlr.

Ib{lrujal8 Jkkl{|c cj rllj|j cikjc {l ejkl ~ra` ~aktigrjol @ltwirf @lagmbirmiid# cj

A`tlr`lt ~ra` ~aktigrjoj A`tlr`lt L}~cirlr-{j| @lt{kj~l Kioo|`akjtirA!. Jkl{tl

rlgao|ra# kj a Oq Kio~|tlr# Rlkqkcl Ba` {l a`{tjcljx j|tiojt cj a`{tjcjrlj

~rigrjo|c|a Wa`diw{ 1

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Tloj =.

Jkkl{iraa Wa`diw{ 1

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^ra`ka~a|c dl c|kr| ` olda|c ~rigrjo|c|a l{tl dl{t|c dl {ao~c|8

k|cijrlj a`{tr|ol`t|c|a dl dl{l`jrl {l jclgl da` bjrj dl k|cira k| |` kcak {t`g# ajr

k|cijrlj ei`|c|a -j mrtala! k| |` kcak drl~t jc oi|{|c|a6

a`{tr|ol`t|c dl c|kr| {j| ta~|c eag|raa lclol`tjrl {l ~rlaj da` bjrj dl a`{tr|ol`tl k| |`

kcak {t`g jc oi|{|c|a6

d|~ jclglrlj a`{tr|ol`t|c|a# j k|ciracir# {l a`tr ` a`tlrair|c elrl{trla -` dik|ol`t! a

{l c|krljx k| jh|tir|c oi|{|c|a ` dl~l`dl` dl ta~|c a`{tr|ol`t|c|a jcl{8 {l l}lk|t

trjglra ~l`tr| j dl{l`j# j tlrgl# j {lclktj {j| {l l}lk|t kcak|ra {t`ga ~l`tr| j ui~{a

|`aeiro diol`aa `kma{l# ~l`tr| j {kmaobj {kjrj aojga`aa -j i ora {j| oakirj! ltk.

\`atacl dl ol`a| jcl ~rigrjo|c|a ~lroat |rotijrlcl8

Eacl dl j lelkt|j i~lrjaa k| dl{l`|c ` `trlgaol8

@lw eirojrlj |`|a dl{l` `i|6

I~l`... dl{kmadlrlj |`|a dl{l` l}a{tl`t ` oloiraj kjck|cjtir|c|a ~l`tr| j c|krj k| lc6

Bjrdl tatc|

Bjrdl ol`a|raA`{tr|ol`tl8 dl {lclktjrl

dl tlrglrl

dl dl{l`jrl

dl ui~{arl

dl orarl

dl {kralrl j tl}t|c|a

Eag|ra lclol`tjrl

Bjrdl k|cira

Bjrdl {tjrl

Eag. 7.:. Elrlj{trj ldatir|c|a grjeak^ja`t.

Ki a`|t|c dik|ol`t|c|a

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[jul {jcujrlj dl{l`|c|a ` cik|c dl |`dl j ei{t dl{kma{ {|b jklcja `|ol6

[jul J{... {jcujrlj dl{l`|c|a ` jct cik a){j| {|b |` jct `|ol -` jj kjx dl{l`|c

a`aajc# kjrl j ei{t dl{kma{ {~rl j {l c|krj k| lc# ro`l l{kmaobjt!6

^ra`t ^rlualw uax|jcaxjrl ~rljcjbac j dl{l`|c|a -k|o uj jrtj lc cj ta~jr!6

^jgl [lt|~... a`{tjcjrlj -{ltjrlj! ~jrjoltracir ~jga`aa# ~l kjrl {l uj l}trjgl dl{l`|c6

^ra`t... l}trjglrlj dl{l`|c|a cj ao~raoj`t -~l mrtal!6

L}at alarl da` ~rigrjo -`kmadlrlj ~rigrjo|c|a!6

Ldat dl j rldjktj dl{l`|c8

\`di rl{tjbacarl j |ctaola kirlkaa6

K|t# Ki~q# ^j{tl k|`i{k|tlcl kiol`xa dl ki~alrl)o|tjrl -` jkl{t kjx lcl jkai`ljx

j{|~rj erjgol`tlcir dl dl{l`!6

Kcljr [lclktai` tlrglrlj erjgol`t|c|a {lclktjt6

[lclkt Jcc {lclktjrlj `trlg|c|a dl{l`6

Ki~q Ti... {jcujrlj erjgol`t|c|a {lclktjt dl dl{l` `tr/|` eaalr `i|6

^j{tl Erio... a`{lrjrl ` dl{l` j |`|a jct dl{l` da` oloiraj kjck|cjtir|c|a6

Ualw dl j jeaj {j| j {kijtl dl cj lkrj` lclol`tl jcl elrl{trla8

Tiic Bi} bjrj dl a`{tr|ol`tl6

Kicir Bi} bi}j k| k|cira6

[tjt|{ Bjr bjrj dl {tjrl6

Xiio }orarlj)oakitjrlj aojga`aa6

Tl}t Tiibjr bi}j k| {lt|ra dl kjrjktlrl -l{tl jkkl{abac `|oja ` kjx|c eici{araa

a`{tr|ol`t|c|a dl k|clglrl j tl}t|c|a!6

Aojgl dl j oj`a~|cj k| erjgol`t|c dl dl{l` {lclktjt8

Eca~)Ritjtl r{t|r`jrl)ritarl j erjgol`t|c|a6

[trltkm)[klw oidaeakjrl j daol`{a|`acir# dleirojrl j erjgol`t|c|a dl dl{l` {lclktjt6

Kcljr Aojgl tlrglrlj `trlg|c|a dl{l`.

I~tai`{ dl j oidaeakj |`aa ~jrjoltra ja ~rigrjo|c|a -dl l}lo~c|# j k|ciracir!6

Mlc~ dl j ~raoa j{a{tl` -jh|tir! da` ~jrtlj kjck|cjtir|c|a.

Ib{lrujal8 Erjgol`tlcl dl dl{l` {lclktjtl ~it ea |ir o|tjtl ~ra` trjglrl# ajr ki~ajtl / ~ra`

Ktrc & trjglrl.

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Tloj 1.

^rikl{jrlj tl}t|c|a.^rikl{ir|c dl tl}tl Wird

A. I~lrjaa k| a`eirojaj dl ta~ tl}t.

K| a`eirojaj dl ta~ tl}t {l ~it lelkt|j |rotijrlcl i~lrjaa8

k|clglrl -ta~rarl!6

rldjktjrl -kirlktjrl!6

eirojtjrl -jrj`hjrl# `er|o|{ljrl!6 l}trjglrl -{jcujrl!.

Uio rlul`a k| jo`|`tl cj jkl{tl i~lrjaa d|~ l}~cakjrlj ~i{abacatacira j oidjcatacir dl

c|kr| k| ~rikl{ir|c|a dl tl}tl Wird.

AA. ^rigrjo|c Wird.

^rigrjo|c Wird l{tl |` ~rikl{ir dl tl}t k| ~i{abacata cjrga dl eirojtjrl a kio~cltjrl-`er|o|{ljrl! j dik|ol`t|c|a tl}t|jc k| jctl ta~|ra dl a`eirojal -dl{l`l# eitigrjeaa#

dajgrjol# tjblcl# eiro|cl ltk.!. ^rigrjo|c ~ijtl ea cj`{jt ~ra` daelratl ka# klj oja

kioid eaa`d cj`{jrlj j|tiojt ~ra` dl{kmadlrlj dik|ol`t|c|a dl ta~|c Oakri{iet Wird

Dik|ol`t. Elrlj{trj ~rigrjo|c|a l{tl i elrlj{trj~cakjal {tj`djrd# k| lclol`tlcl

rl{~lktaul -ulxa Eag. 1.:!.

^rigrjo|c {|{a`l c|kr|c ki`kioatl`t k| oja o|ctl dik|ol`tl -~` cj :>>!# elrl{trlcl krirj

{l ~ixaai`ljx ` a`tlrair|c elrl{trla ~rigrjo|c|a. Elrl{trlcl dik|ol`tlcir {|`t{ao~caeakjtl a ki`a` lclol`tl {~lkaeakl8 ragclcl iraxi`tjca ulrtakjc. Trlklrlj dl cj

|` dik|ol`t cj jct|c {l ejkl ~ra` |`atjtlj dl ol`a| Wa`diw.

AAA. Ol`a|c ~rigrjo|c|a.

^ra` a`tlrolda|c ol`a|c|a ~rigrjo|c|a Wird {l lelkt|ljx tijtl i~lrjaacl k| dik|ol`t|c a

k| ki`a`|t|c c|a. Klcl oja dl{ |tacaxjtl kiol`xa {|`t {kij{l da` ol`a| {|b eiro dl

bjrl dl a`{tr|ol`tl -ar|ra dl b|tij`l# kjrl {l jkai`ljx k| kcak|ra {ao~cl jcl

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oi|{|c|a!. Jeajrlj {j| {kijtlrlj dl cj lkrj` j bjrlcir dl a`{tr|ol`tl {l ~ijtl ejkl

~ra`tr/|` kcak/drl~t ` irakl cik jc xi`la a`{tr|ol`tlcir -jc bjrla dl ol`a|ra! a

{icakatjrlj dl`|oaraa bjrla dl a`{tr|ol`tl `lkl{jrl da` ol`a|c ki`tl}t|jc j~r|t

-`|olcl bjrlcir jeajtl cj lkrj` j| ` {t`gj {lo`|c !. [l rlkioj`d dl ~{trjt

~lroj`l`t cj lkrj` bjrlcl [tj`djrd -ki`a`l kiol`xacl dl c|kr| k| dik|ol`t|c `

`trlgaol! a Eirojtta`g -kiol`xa dl eirojtjrl j dik|ol`t|c|a!. \`lcl bjrl j~jr cj

lkrj` j|tiojt# idjt k| cj`{jrlj |`ir rlgao|ra {~lkajcl dl c|kr|# a da{~jr# idjt k|

`kmadlrlj jkl{tirj.

\`atacl dl ol`a| jcl ~rigrjo|c|a j| |rotijrlj dl{ta`jal a ki`a` |rotijrlcl i~a|`a -`

ki`ta`|jrl uir ea jd|{l klcl |tacaxjtl oja erlkul`t!8

Eacl ki`a`l i~a|`a dl c|kr| k| dik|ol`t|c ` `trlgaol8

@lw... eirojrlj |`|a dik|ol`t tl}t|jc `i| ` olda|c Wird ` ki`eiroatjtl k|

oidlclcl ~ri~|{l dl ~rigrjo6

I~l`... dl{kmadlrlj |`|a dik|ol`t da` oloiral ~l`tr| j c|krj k| lc6

Kci{l `kmadlrlj dik|ol`t|c|a jkt|jc6

Eag. 1.:. Lkrj`|c ~rigrjo|c|a Wird.

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[jul {jcujrlj dik|ol`t|c|a ` cik|c ulkma# {|b jklcja `|ol6

[jul J{... {jcujrlj dik|ol`t|c|a ` jct cik a){j| {|b |` jct `|ol6

^jgl [lt|~... a`{tjcjrlj ~jrjoltracir ~jga`aa6

^ra`t ^rlualw... uax|jcaxjrlj ~rljcjbac j dik|ol`t|c|a `ja`tl dl j ea l}trj{ cj

ta~jr6

^ra`t... l}trjglrlj cj ta~jr j dik|ol`t|c|a -~jga`j k|rl`t# ktluj ~jga`a {lclktau#

dik|ol`t|c ` `trlgaol# erjgol`t|c {lclktjt!6

L}at jbj`di`jrlj ~rigrjo|c|a -alarlj da` ~rigrjo!6

Ldat ki`a`l |`lcl kiol`xa dl rldjktjrl8

\`di -Rldi! `tijrklrl k| |` ~j{ `j~ia -|` ~j{ `ja`tl! ` ~rikl{|c c|kr|c|a `

{ki~|c rl{tjbacaraa kirlktracir6

K|t# Ki~q# ^j{tl kiol`xa dl ki~alrl# o|tjrl j erjgol`tlcir# j jctir ibalktl

{lclktjtl da` dik|ol`t6

Kcljrtlrglrlj erjgol`t|c|a {lclktjt6

[lclkt Jcc {lclktjrlj `trlg|c|a dik|ol`t6

Ea`d... k|tjrlj ` dik|ol`t j |`|a ar a`dakjt dl kjrjktlrl6

Rl~cjkl... k|tjrlj a `cik|arlj ` dik|ol`t j |`|a ar dl kjrjktlrl k| jct|c6

Ualw ki`a`l kiol`xa dl jeajrl {j| {kijtlrl dl cj lkrj` j daelratir lclol`tl8

@irojc# I`ca`l Cjqi|t# ^jgl Cjqi|t# I|tca`l# Oj{tlr Dik|ol`t oid|ra dl

uax|jcaxjrl j dik|ol`t|c|a -b|tij`lcl rl{~lktaul {l g{l{k ` {t`gj bjrla dl

dleacjrl iraxi`tjcl!. [l rlkioj`d |tacaxjrlj oid|c|a^jgl Cjqi|t*

Tiicbjr{ / jeajrlj){kijtlrlj dl ~l lkrj` j bjrlcir dl a`{tr|ol`tl6

R|clr jeajrlj){kijtlrlj ragclcir6

Mljdlr j`d Eiitlr jktaujrlj j`tlt|c|a a {|b{ic|ca|a ~jga`aa ~l`tr| j {l ~|tlj c|krj

` lcl. A`eirojaj a`kc|{ ` j`tlt|c -{|b{ic|c! |`la ~jga`a j|tiojt {l rl~lt ~l

tijtl ~jga`acl dik|ol`t|c|a*

Eiit`itl{ trlklrl rj~ad dl cj `itj dl {|b{ic cj traoatlrlj da` tl}t a a`ulr{6

E|cc {krll` l}ta`dlrl j ~jga`aa dik|ol`t|c|a ~l tit lkrj`|c -klclcjctl lclol`tl jcl

elrl{trla da{~jr!6

Xiio... rlgao dl orarl -oakirjrl! j aojga`aa dik|ol`t|c|a dl cj lkrj` -{l

j{ljo` k| i c|~!.

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A`{lrt ki`a`l kiol`xa dl a`{lrjrl ` ~jga`acl dik|ol`t|c|a j daelratir ibalktl8

Brljf... `trlr|~lra dl ~jga`a -trlklra eirjtl cj ~jga`a `ia!6

^jgl @|oblr{... `|olrl jcl ~jga`acir dik|ol`t|c|a6

[qobic... kjrjktlrl {~lkaeakl# kl `| l}a{t cj tj{tjt|r6

Kiool`t kiol`tjraa cj |`aa tlrol`a da` dik|ol`t -lcl ~it ea ux|tl cj lkrj` djr `|

{l l}trjg cj ta~jr!6

Eiit`itl... `ital dl {|b{ic6

^akt|rl / dl{l`l da` babcaitlkj kjck|cjtir|c|a -Kca~Jrt...!# da` jctl dik|ol`tl

grjeakl -Erio Eacl...!# aojga`a {kj`jtl -Erio [kj``lr!# tl}t jrta{tak -Wird Jrt...!#

eag|ra grjeakl lclol`tjrl -J|ti[mj~l{!# dajgrjol -Kmjrt!6

Tl}t Bi} bi}l dl tl}t6

Eacl... ki`a`|t|c irakrir jctir eaalrl Wird6

Ibhlkt... jctl ibalktl -eiro|cl# irgj`agrjol# bjxl dl djtl ltk.!.

Eirojt ki`a`l kiol`xa dl eirojtjrl j ki`a`|t|c|a dik|ol`t|c|a8

Ei`t... eirojtjrlj kjrjktlrlcir6

^jrjgrj~m... eirojtjrlj ~jrjgrjelcir6

B|cclt{ j`d @|oblra`g... eirojtjrlj ca{tlcir6

Birdlr{ j`d [mjda`g... eirojrlj kml`jrlcir -bird|racir! a mj|rjrlj tl}t|c|a

-~jga`aa!6

Kic|o`{... eirojtjrlj kicij`lcir dl tl}t -jt|`ka k`d lcl {l eici{l{k!6

Tl}t Darlktai`... {kmaobjrlj darlkala tl}t|c|a ` klc|clcl dl tjblc# ` bi}lcl dl tl}t6

Kmj`gl Kj{l... {kmaobjrlj catlrlcir da` ojh|{k|cl ` oa`|{k|cl a a`ulr{6

Ibhlkt... eirojtjrlj ibalkt|c|a {lclktjt -bi} dl tl}t# dl{l` ltk.!.

Tiic{ ki`a`l kiol`xa {|~caol`tjrl# a`{tr|ol`tl dl j|tiojtaxjrl j |`ir i~lrjaa#

kiol`xa dl ki`eag|rjrl j olda|c|a dl c|kr| ltk.8

[~lcca`g j`d Grjoojr... ki`tric grjojtakjc jc tl}t|c|a k| ~i{abacata dl kirlktjrl

j|tiojt j grllcacir6

Cj`g|jgl / a`{tjcjrl j dakai`jrlcir -[lt Cj`g|jgl...! ` ki`eiroatjtl k| caobj

dik|ol`t|c|a -jtl`al# dakai`jr|c trlb|al { kirl{~|`d jcejblt|c|a tj{tjt|raa*!6

J|tiKirrlkt... rlgao dl `ujrl j kjck|cjtir|c|a ~l`tr| j kirlktj j|tiojt |`lcl

grllca grjojtakjcl# dl {tac# dl eiro ltk.6

Olrgl Dik|ol`t{... kioj{jrlj -|`arlj! oja o|ctir dik|ol`tl ` |`|c6

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^ritlkt Dik|ol`t... kidaeakjrlj dik|ol`t|c|a# a`trid|klrlj |`la ~jricl dl

dl{kmadlrl ` {ki~|c ~ritlhraa c|a dl j ea katat {j| eici{at -jtl`ai`o# k jkl{tl

oltidl `| o~aldaktlrglrlj dik|ol`t|c|a*!6

Ojac Olrgl... irgj`axjrlj kirl{~i`dl`la -dl l}lo~c|# {l ~ijtl {kral i {a`g|r

{kra{ijrl# ` kjrl jdrl{jt|c# jct a`eirojal kl a`l dl lc# l{tl jcl{ dl kjck|cjtir

j|tiojt da`tr/i bjx dl djtl. Cj ao~raoj`t {l l}trjg jttlj {kra{ira daelratl# ka

jdrl{ja j| ei{t a`dakja ` bjxj dl djtl!6

L`ulci~l{ j`d Cjblc{... rlgao dl {kralrl j jdrl{lcir ~l ~cak|ra# j ltakmltlcir.

A`eirojaacl {l l}trjg j|tiojt dl kjck|cjtir da` bjxl dl djtl6

Clttlr Uaxjrd... rlgao dl kio~|`lrl j {kra{iracir. Kjck|cjtir|c tl jh|t ~ra` {ejt|ra#

kl a` dl ki`a`|t|c a eiroj {kra{iraa6K|{tioaxl... rlgao dl oidaeakjrl j ol`a|racir# j bjrlcir dl a`{tr|ol`tl# dl eirojrl

j |`ir `ia bjrl dl a`{tr|ol`tl ` ki`eiroatjtl k| diclj`lcl |tacaxjtir|c|a

-|tacaxjtir|c jrl ~i{abacatjtlj { jh|{tlxl ol`a|racl a bjrlcl dl a`{tr|ol`tl d|~

`lkl{atacl c|a*!6

I~tai`{... rlgao dl ki`eag|rjrl j olda|c|a dl c|kr| ~ra` {ltra j daelratir ~jrjoltra.

Tjbcl |`atjtl dl ol`a|# {~lkajcaxjt ` ~rlc|krjrlj tjblclcir# kjrl ~it ea a`{lrjtl a

|tacaxjtl ` dik|ol`t. Jaka {l ki`a` |rotijrlcl i~a|`a8

Drjw Tjbcl dl{l`jrl oj`|jc j tjblc|c|a -k| krlai`|c!6

A`{lrt Tjbcl... -Riw{...# Kic|o`{...# Klcc{...! a`{lrjrl j |`|a tjblc ` dik|ol`t -j

ca`aacir# kicij`lcir# klc|clcir ` tjblc {|~caol`tjrl!6

Dlcltl Klcc{ -Riw{# Kic|o`{! tlrglrl da` tjblc j klc|clcir -ca`aacir# kicij`lcir!6

Olrgl Klcc{ ki`ti~arlj oja o|ctir klc|cl ` |`j6

[~cat Klcc{... dauaxjrlj klc|clcir ` 2 a oja o|ctl6

[lclkt Riw# [lclkt Kic|o`# [lclkt Tjbcl kiol`xa dl {lclktjrl j ca`ala# kicij`la#tjblc|c|a ` kjrl l ~ixaai`jt k|r{ir|c dl tl}t6

Tjbcl J|tiEirojt... kioj`d dl eirojtjrl j|tiojt j tjblclcir ` ki`eiroatjtl

k| oidlc|c jcl{ dl |tacaxjtir da`tr/i babcaitlk j kjck|cjtir|c|a6

Klcc Mlagmt j`d Wadtm... {tjbacarlj oj`|jc j daol`{a|`acir klc|clcir6

Mljda`g{ rl~ltjrlj ~crala tjblc|c|a ~l |rotijrlcl ~jga`a jcl dik|ol`t|c|a6

[irt... {irtjrlj -jrj`hjrlj! ki`a`|t|c|a klc|clcir {j| j ~jrjgrjelcir -d|~ {j|

o~itrauj jcejblt|c|a# ` krltlrl {j| dl{krltlrl ltk.!6

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[miw -Madl! Gradca`l{ jeajrlj -j{k|`dlrlj! |`la gracl# ~l kjrl l ki`{tr|at tjblc|c.

Gracj# kjrl l{tl uaxabac cj lkrj`# `| {l l}trjgl cj ao~raoj`t# ka {lrultl dijr

~l`tr| iral`tjrl.

Wa`diw kiol`xa dl c|kr| k| elrl{trlcl dik|ol`tlcir -djk {l dl{kmad oja o|ctl `

jkllja {lkul` dl c|kr|!. J|tiojt ` jkl{t ol`a| j~jrl ca{tj dik|ol`tlcir dl{kma{l

k| ~i{abacatjtlj dl j jkt|jcaxj -j {kijtl ` ej! |`|c {j| jct|c. Jkt|jcax`d |`

dik|ol`t {j| jct|c# j~jrl ~i{abacatjtlj dl j {kmaobj a`eirojaj `trl dik|ol`tl

-eici{a`d kiol`xacl K|t# Ki~q#^j{tl!*

Mlc~ rlgao dl j{a{tl -jh|tir!# kjrl ki`a`l tijt a`eirojaj dl{~rl ~rigrjo# l}~cak

c|kr|c k| ~rigrjo|c ltk.

Ib{lrujaj 1.:. ^l`tr| kioidatjtl# |` ar dl kiol`xa da` ol`a|c ~rigrjo|c|a {|`t {kij{l {|b

eiro dl b|tij`l ` bjrlcl dl a`{tr|ol`tl. Dl`|oarlj jkl{tir kiol`xa j~jrl c`g

a`dakjtir|c oi|{|c|a k`d lc {l ~ixaai`ljx ~l b|ti`.

Ib{lrujaj 1.2. ` ol`a|ra |`lcl kiol`xa ~it ea ~j{aul -`| {|`t {kra{l luadl`ajt!. Jkl{tlj {|`t

kiol`xa a`jdoa{abacl ` {at|jaj -rlgao|c! ki`krlt dl c|kr|.

Ib{lrujaj 1.;. L}lk|tjrlj o|ctir kiol`xa `lkl{at i ~rlgtarl ~rljcjbac -{lclktjrl#

~ixaai`jrl j k|r{ir|c|a# jktaujrl j ibalkt|c|a ltk.!. \tacaxjtir|c `| trlb|al { |atl jkl{t

c|kr|*

Ib{lrujaj 1.4. I {ic|al leakal`t l{tl |tacaxjrlj ol`a|racir ki`tl}t|jcl -jeajtl k| |` kcak drl~t

jc oi|{|c|a!. Lcl ki`a` kiol`xacl jdoa{abacl ` {at|jaj# rlgao|c# cik|c ltk. ki`krltl dl

c|kr|.

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Tloj :>.

\tacaxjrlj ~rjktak j ~rikl{ir|c dl tl}tl Wird

A. I~lrjaa ~rljcjbacl k| dik|ol`t|c i|/eirojt.

C|kr|c k| |` dik|ol`t `i|/eirojt -er ki`a`|t! a dl{kma{ {l uj `kl~l k|8

:.A`{tjcjrlj jcejblt|c|a tj{tjt|raa -kcak ~l a`dakjtir|c tj{tjt|raa da` drlj~tj bjrla dl j~cakjaa

a# ` ki`ta`|jrl# jclglrlj da` ol`a|c jeajt j jcejblt|c|a `lkl{jr!. \` kcak drl~t ~l jkl{t

a`dakjtira {icakatjrlj i~a|`aa ^ri~lrtal{... ~lroatl dl j jd|gj ` ca{t -{j| j {kijtl da`lj! jcejbltl `ia.

2. Ulraeakjrlj a a`{tjcjrlj dakai`jr|c|a `lkl{jr ~l`tr| ki`tric|c grjojtakjc -ki`{lk|tau {l

{icakatTiic{&Cj`g|jgl &[lt Cj`g|jgl...!.

;.A`{tjcjrlj |`|a {lta oraol dl kjrjktlrl -kioidl {j| dl bjx! ~l`tr| uaatir|c dik|ol`t

-dl l}lo~c|# Taol{ @lw Rioj` {j|Jrajcdl :2/:4 ~t{!6

4. A`{tjcjrlj kileakal`t|c|a dl uax|jcaxjrl cj lkrj` j dik|ol`t|c|a -Ualw&Xiio... {j|

a`{tr|ol`t|cXiio da` bjrj [tj`djrd! `trl 7>,.

AA. K|clglrlj a`eirojala.

K|clglrlj tl}t|c|a -ta~rarlj!{l ejkl dl cj tj{tjt|r k| rl{~lktjrlj |rotijrlcir rlg|ca8

:. Tit|c {l k|clgl `kl~`d k| ~raoj ~ixaal j r`d|c|a -eal tatc|# eal `kl~|t dl ~jrjgrje {j|

jct ~ira|`l dl tl}t# kjrl `lkl{at ~l uaatir i dl~cj{jrl {~rl kl`tr|c {j| {~rl drlj~tj

~jga`aa!. [|`t a`tlrxa{l ~j|xlcl -bcj`k|racl! cj `kl~|t|racl r`d|racir*

2. Dlijrlkl ~rikl{ijrlcl dl tl}t trlk a`eirojaj da`tr/|` r`d ` jct|c j|tiojt# r|~`d/i `

cik|racl kl ki`a` ~j|xl# trlklrlj eirjt cj |` r`d `i| {l ejkl `|oja cj {erat|c

~jrjgrjelcir -` ~jrtak|cjr# j tatc|racir! ~ra` tj{tjrlj c|a L`tlr. Djk l `lkl{jr# {l ~ijtl

trlkl eirjt cj |` r`d `i| er j jelktl {tr|kt|rj -kir~|c! ~jrjgrje|c|a k| [maet & L`tlr.

;. `trl k|ua`tl {l cj{ `|oja i {a`g|r ~j|x -~l`tr| j ejkl ~i{abac trlklrlj tl}t|c|a da`tr/|`

r`d ` jct|c!.

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4. @| {l ~|` ~j|xl `ja`tlj {lo`lcir dl ~|`kt|jal# d|~ ~jrj`tlxlcl -gmacaolclcl! kl {l

dl{kmad a `ja`tlj klcir kl {l `kmad.

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i ca`al dl tl}t {l {lclktljx k| |` kcak ` {t`gj la -k`d a`dakjtir|c oi|{|c|a ~raoltl

eiroj(!# ajr ktluj ca`aa ki`{lk|taul ~ra` trjglrlj jkl{t|a a`dakjtir ` hi{ -{j| ` {|{!6

tit tl}t|c {l {lclktljx k| |` tra~c|/kcak ` ko~|c {t`g jc ~jga`aa {j| k| jh|tir|ckioba`jala dl tj{tl Ktrc & J.

Erjgol`tlcl {lclktjtl ~it ea8

tlr{l k| tj{tj Dlcltl6

`cik|atl k| jct tl}t ~ra` k|clglrlj `i|c|a tl}t6

ki~ajtl -dl~cj{jtl! cj elc kj a ibalktlcl ` Wa`diw{ -~ra` |tacaxjrlj kiol`xacirKi~q# K|t#

^j{tl da` ol`a|c ki`tl}t|jc# da` |`atjtlj dl ol`a| Ldat {j| da` bjrlcl dl a`{tr|ol`tl!.

Kirlktjrlj k|ua`tlcir kl ki a` grllca grjojtakjcl -lcl {l {|bca`ajx dl kjck|cjtir k| i ca`al

uc|rij{ dl k|cijrl rial {j| ulrdl! ~ijtl ea `klrkjt# l}lk|t`d |` kcak drl~t ~l

k|u`t a jclg`d da` ol`a|c ki`tl}t|jc j ujraj`tla kirlktl. ` kjx|c ca~{la ujraj`tlcir

k|u`t|c rl{~lktau -kirlkt da` ~|`kt|c dl uldlrl jc |tacaxjtir|c|a*! ~i{abac k `| {l

ki`a`l ` dakai`jr. Lc ~ijtl ea jdj|gjt ` dakai`jr k| kioj`djJddda` jklcja ol`a|

ki`tl}t|jc.

AU. Eirojtjrlj dik|ol`t|c|a.

^l`tr| j eirojtj -j jrj`hj! dik|ol`t|c {l rlkioj`d |rotijrlj ki`{lk|tauatjtl dl i~lrjaa8

:. [l a`{tjcljx ~jrjoltraa ~jga`aa dik|ol`t|c|a -dl l}lo~c|# jkl{t c|kr| {l ejkl ~ra` ol`a|c

Eacl&^jgl [lt|~...!.

2. [l eirojtljx# djk l `lkl{jr# kjrjktlrlcl -eici{a`d ol`a|c Eirojt&Ei`t...!.

;. [l eirojtljx ~jrjgrjelcl -eici{a`d ol`a|c Eirojt&^jrjgrj~m...!.

4. [l eirojtljx ca{tlcl -djk lcl l}a{t ` dik|ol`t! ~ra` ol`a|c Eirojt& B|cclt{ j`d

@|oblra`g...

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5. D|~ `lkl{atjtl# ` dik|ol`t ~it ea a`{lrjtl tjblcl -~ra` Tjbcl& A`{lrt Tjbcl... {j|

eici{a`d b|ti`|c rl{~lktau da` bjrj dl a`{tr|ol`tl [tj`djrd!. ` ki`ta`|jrl tjblclcl {l

kio~cltljx k| a`eirojal -ealkjrl klc|c j tjblc|c|a ~ijtl ea ~rauat kj |` dik|ol`t

tl}t|jc {l~jrjt k| caolj ~jga`aa ~rl{tjbacat# ajr `caolj lcj{tak# ` kjrl {|`t ujcjbacl

i~lrjaacl dl rldjktjrl a eirojtjrl jcl tl}t|c|a!# {l rldjktljx# {l eirojtljx ~ra` jd|gjrl

dl bird|ra# mj|rra jcl klc|clcir ltk. C|kr`d k| tjblclcl# {l uir |tacaxj i~a|`acl ol`a|c|a

Tjbcl.

Ib{lrujaj :>.:.I~lrjaacl dl eirojtjrl {l lelkt|ljx k| erjgol`tlcl dl tl}t. ` ~rljcjbac lcl {l

{lclktljx*

Ib{lrujaj :>.2. \`lcl i~lrjaa dl eirojtjrl -klcl oja {ao~cl! ~it ea ek|tl k| jh|tir|c

a`{tr|ol`tlcir da` bjrj dl a`{tr|ol`tl Eirojtta`g-{j| da` jctl bjrl dl a`{tr|ol`tl!.

U. L}trjglrlj -{jcujrlj! dik|ol`tlcir.

L}trjglrlj dik|ol`t|c|a -~jrajc# titjc# j ~jga`aa k|rl`tl {j| j erjgol`t|c|a {lclktjt! {l

ejkl ~ra` ol`a|c Eacl&^ra`t...

[jcujrlj dik|ol`t|c|a~l ~jrk|r{|c {lkul`la dl c|kr| -{l rlkioj`d lelkt|jrlj da` k`d `

k`d j jkl{tla i~lrjaa ` {ki~|c ~ritlhraa a`eirojala! a cj ea`lcl c|kr|c|a {l ejkl k|

Eacl& [jul# k| b|ti`|c rl{~lktau -[jul! da` bjrj dl a`{tr|ol`tl [tj`djrd {j| ~ra`

tj{tjrlj c|a Ktrc & [.

[jcujrlj dik|ol`t|c|a ` jct cik a){j| {|b |` jct `|ol {l lelkt|ljx ~ra` ol`a|c

Eacl&[jul J{... Jkl{t ~rikldl| ~ijtl ea eici{at ` {ki~|c eiroraa |`ir dik|ol`tl `ia

` bjxj dik|ol`tlcir l}a{tl`tl# kio~cltjtl k| a`eirojal.

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Tloj ::.

^rikl{ir|c dl tl}tl WirdA`eirojaa {|~caol`tjrl# {ejt|ra ~rjktakl.

A. ` ~rikl{|c c|kr|c|a dl{lira {l j~lcljx cj oloiraj kjck|cjtir|c|a -~l`tr| dl{kmadlrlj {j|

{jcujrlj dik|ol`tlcir# ~l`tr| a`{lrjrlj ibalktlcir ltk.!. Kj{ltj dl dajcig# kjrl

~lroatl jkkl{|c cj oloiral# jrl i eiro a |` ki`a`|t {tj`djrd ~l`tr| kjx|racl

l`|olrjtl -Eag. ::.:!.

K| j{telc dl kj{ltl dl dajcig {l rlkioj`d |rotijrlj ki`{lk|tauatjtl dl i~lrjaa8

: / dl{kmadlrlj k| |` kcak j ca{tla ibalktlcir Wa`diw{ a {icakatjrlj |`|aj da` lcl -alrjrmak

{|~lrair klc|a k|tjt ` oloiral!. Dl l}lo~c|# {l ~ijtl `kl~l k| Dl{fti~ {j| Oq

Kio~|tlr ltk.!6

2 / ki`{lk|tau# k| d|bc|/kcak|ra# {l dl{kmad di{jrlcl {~rl dik|ol`t|c -di{jr|c! kl {l kj|t6

; djk l `lkl{jr# k| |` kcak {l ~ixaai`ljx k|r{ir|c dl tl}t ` kj{ltj kioba`jta {l k|clgl

`|olcl ibalkt|c|a -dl l}lo~c|# cj {jcujrlj k| i~a|`lj [jul J{... jaka {l k|clgl

`|olcl i| jc dik|ol`t|c|a!6

Eag. ::.:. Kj{ltdl dajcig dl `juagjrl ~ra oloiraj kjck|cjtir|c|a.

:2 ; 4

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4 {l jkai`ljx k| |` kcak b|ti`|c dl kioj`d ~l`tr| jkkl~tjrlj jclglraa a `kmadlrlj

kj{ltla dl dajcig.

AA. Ibalktlcl a`{lrjtl ` dik|ol`t `lkl{at i eirojtjrl -` jejr dl rldaol`{ai`jrl!. ^l`tr| jcl eirojtj {l ejkl |` kcak drl~t ~l bird|r a da` ol`a|c ki`tl}t|jc {l {icakat

i~a|`lj Eirojt -Ibhlkt!... J~jrl i kj{lt dl dajcig dl ta~|c klcla da` Eag. ::.2#

|`dl {|`t jd|{l ~i{abacatacl dl eirojtjrl.

tlrglrlj ibalkt|c|a da` dik|ol`t {l ejkl ~ra` jktaujrlj c|a -~ra`tr/|` kcak ~l bird|rj

ibalkt|c|a# ` rlx|ctjt|c kr|aj j~jr ~|`ktlcl dl rldaol`{ai`jrl! a tj{tjrlj c|a

Dlcltl. Rldaol`{ai`jrlj ibalkt|c|a jktau {l ejkl ~ra` trjglrlj ~|`ktlcir dl

rldaol`{ai`jrl# ajr o|tjrlj -ki~alrlj! ~ra` trjglrlj -Ktrc & trjglrl! bird|raa.

AAA. \` tjblc a`{lrjt ` dik|ol`t ik|~ ~ixaaj |`|a ~jrjgrje -`aka ` {t`gj# `aka ` drlj~tj c|a

`| ~ijtl ea {kra{ tl}t!. ` a`tlrair|c klc|clcir {l c|krljx iba`|at8 {l k|clgl# {l

rldjktljxa {l eirojtljx tl}t|c.

jklj{tkjrtlc{leirojtljxbird|racl# {l

ui~{ltl ei`|cibalkt|c|a.

jklj{tkjrtlc{l{tjbacltl ~ixaaj

ibalkt|c|a ejdl tl}t|cdik|ol`t|c|a.

jklj{tkjrtlc{la`{tjcljxda{tj j `trl

bird|ra tl}t-cj bi}lcl dl tl}t!.

Eag. ::.2. Kj{ltdl dajcig dl eirojtjrl j ibalktlcir a`{lrjtl.

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[|~caol`tjr# k| jkl{t ibalkt {tr|kt|rjt tjblc|c# ~it ea lelkt|jtl |` ar dl i~lrjaa8

jktaujrlj klc|cla ~ra` ~ixaai`jrlj k|r{ir|c|a dl tl}t ` lj6

dl~cj{jrlj k|r{ir|c|a dl tl}t da`tr/i klc|c` jctj ~ijtl ea lelkt|jt k| tj{tlcl dl darahjrl j

k|r{ir|c|a {j| k| tj{tj Tjb -dl~cj{jrlj k|r{ir|c|a {~rl drlj~tj!. I tj{tjrl j c|a Tjb `

|ctaoj klc|c j tjblc|c|a d|kl cj jd|gjrlj |`la ca`aa {|~caol`tjrl6

rldaol`{ai`jrlj kicij`lcir -ca`aacir! ~ra` trjglrlj bird|racir kl dl{~rl{k kicij`lcl

-ca`aacl!6

{lclktjrlj ca`aacir -j |`la ca`aa! ~ra` trjglrlj ~l ulrtakjc j a`dakjtir|c|a oi|{|c|a( `

{t`gj tjblc|c|a -|` kcak ` {t`gj ca`ala!6

{lclktjrlj kicij`lcir -j |`la kicij`l! ~ra` trjglrlj ~l iraxi`tjc j a`dakjtir|c|aoi|{|c|a dl eiroj dlj{|~rj tjblc|c|a -|` kcak dlj{|~rj kicij`la!6

{lclktjrlj klc|clcir -~it ea {lclktjtl `|oja diol`aa drl~t|`gma|cjrl dl klc|cl! ~ra`

trjglrlj a`dakjtir|c|a oi|{|c|a da`tr/i klc|c ~l{tl klclcjctl6

a`{lrjrlj ca`aacir -kicij`lcir! `ia ` a`tlrair|c tjblc|c|a ~ra` {lclktjrlj ca`aacir

-kicij`lcir! a eici{arlj ol`a|c|a Tjbcl& A`{lrt Riw{ -Kic|o`{!. Ca`aacl -kicij`lcl!

a`{lrjtl {l ~ixaai`ljx dlj{|~rj -` {t`gj! klcir {lclktjtl# ajr `|or|c cir l{tl lgjc k|

`|or|c klcir {lclktjtl6 tlrglrlj ki a`|t|c|a |`|a diol`a| dl klc|cl {lclktjt ~ra` tj{tjrlj c|a Dlcltl6

tlrglrlj ca`aacir -kicij`lcir! {lclktjtl ~ra` ol`a|c Tjbcl&Dlcltl Riw{ -Kic|o`{!6

ki~alrlj -o|tjrlj! diol`aacir dl tjblc {lclktjtl ` oid iba`|at# ki`eiro rlg|cacir

~l`tr| jctl ta~|ra dl ibalktl -|tacax`d kiol`xacl Ki~q# K|t# ^j{tl!6

ki`ti~arlj klc|clcir ~ra` {lclktjrl a j~cakjrlj ol`a|c|a Tjbcl&Olrgl Klcc{6

dauaxjrlj klc|clcir ~ra` jktaujrl a j~cakjrlj ol`a|c|a Tjbcl&[~cat Klcc{...6

|` ar dl i~lrjaa k| bird|racl# ui~{arlj klc|clcir~it ea lelkt|jtl eici{a`d a`{tr|ol`tlclda` bjrj Tjbcl{ j`d Birdlr{6

tlrglrlj `trlg|c|a tjblcda` dik|ol`t ~ra` {lclktjrlj t|t|rir ca`aacir -{j| kicij`lcir! a

j~cakjrlj ol`a|c|a Tjbcl&Dlcltl Riw{ -Kic|o`{!.

Ib{lrujal. Jctl ~i{abacata a oltidl dl c|kr|# ki`krltaxra jcl klcir l}joa`jtl oja {|{# {l ~it

g{a ` catlrjt|rj rl{~lktau dl {~lkajcatjtl.

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Tloj :2.

^rikl{jrlj tjblclcir.^rikl{ir|c dl tjblclL}klc

A. [tr|kt|rj dik|ol`t|c|a L}klc. Tlroa`icigal.

Dik|ol`t|c L}klc# `|oat rlga{tr| -Biif!# l{tl dl{ta`jt ~l`tr| irgj`axjrlj a`eirojala `

tjblcl. Rlga{tr|c ki`a`l ktluj eia dl kjck|c -Wirf{mllt{ {j| [mllt{!# `|or|c

krirj ~ijtl ea oidaeakjt dl ktrl |tacaxjtir.

Eijaj dl kjck|c l o~rat ` ca`aa -Riw{! a kicij`l -Kic|o`{!. Cj a`tlr{lkaj cir {l

eiroljx klc|clcl -Klcc{!. D|~ `lkl{atjtl# daol`{a|`acl klc|clcir -caolj

kicij`lcira `caolj ca`aacir! ~it ea oidaeakjtl dl ktrl |tacaxjtir.

I eijal dl kjck|c ki`a`l ao~cakat 2= -2

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AA. Lclol`tlcl lkrj`|c|a ~rigrjo|c|a L}klc.

Lkrj`|c a`aajc jc ~rigrjo|c|a L}klc l j{lo`tir klc|a jc ~rigrjo|c|a Wird# ki`a``d

~rjktak jklclja lclol`tl -ulxa Eag. :2.:!. Jkl{t c|kr| ki`earo tl`da`j dl |`aeakjrl

j a`tlrellcir -lkrj`lcir! ~rigrjolcir da` olda|c Wa`diw{# kllj kl# cj r`d|c {|#

||rljx |tacaxjtir|c|a `lclglrlj oltidlcir dl c|kr| a `{|arlj |`ir `ia ~rigrjol.

Dli{lbaracl `ll{l`ajcl `trl a`tlrellcl L}klc a Wird {|`t kj|xjtl dl ta~|racl dik|ol`tlcir

rl{~lktaul# dl oid|c dl ~rlc|krjrl j a`eirojala# dl oid|c dl rl~rlxl`tjrl j

a`eirojala# dl oid|c dl l}trjglrl ltk. Jkl{tl dli{lbara jelktljx ta~|c |`ir

lclol`tl jcl lkrj`|c|a -` L}klc j~jr |`lcl lclol`tl `ia a ca~{l{k klcl {~lkaeakl

~rigrjo|c|a Wird!# bjrlcl dl a`{tr|ol`tl -` kjrl |`lcl kiol`xa {~lkaeakl

~rigrjo|c|a Wird {|`t `cik|atl k| kiol`xa {~lkaeakl ~rigrjo|c|a L}klc! a

i~a|`acl ol`a|racir.

K|r{ir|c dl tjblc-|` kjdr| drl~t|`gma|cjr# kl kia`kadl k| |`j da` klc|clcl eiaa dl kjck|c! jrl

ric|c dl j a`dakj klc|cj k|rl`t -{j| jkt|jc! da` eijaj dl kjck|c -klc|cj# ` kjrl j~jrl

a`eirojaj k|clj{ dl cj tj{tjt|r# kjrl ~ijtl ea rldjktjt# eirojtjt ltk.!.

Eag. :2.:. Lclol`tlcl lkrj`|c|a L}klc.

Bjrl dl dleacjrl

Bjr dl tatc| jkicij`lcir

Bjrl dla`{tr|ol`tlBjr dl tatc|Bjr dl ol`a|ra

Bjr dl tatc| jca`aacir

Ltakmltlcl eiacirdl kjck|c

Bjr dl {tjrl

B|tij`l dl gl{ta|`l jelrl{trlcir~rigrjo|c|a adik|ol`t|c|a

Bjr dl eiro|cl

Klc|cl

K|r{ir dl tjblc

Ki`a`|t|ceiaa dl kjck|c

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A`dakjtir|c oi|{|c|a# kj a ` ~rigrjo|c Wird# a {kmaob eiroj ` dl~l`dl` dl xi`j

lkrj`|c|a ` kjrl {l jec. Ealkjrl da` jkl{tl eirol ~lroatl |tacaxjtir|c|a dl j {l

iral`tj ` ~i{abacatacl dl |tacaxjrl j oi|{|c|a. Dl l}lo~c|8

! -jrttir!# / rlgao dl {icakatjrl j ol`a|racir# dl cj`{jrl j kiol`xacir# dl o|tjrl {j|

ki~alrl j klc|clcir -erjgol`tlcir! k| jh|tir|c oi|{|c|a ltk. -jj eiro j a`dakjtir|c|a {l

`tc`ltl ` l}tlrair|c eiaa dl kjck|c# ~l bird|rj klc|cla jkt|jcl {j| j erjgol`t|c|a

{icakatjt6

-kr|kl grj{! / rlgao dl ~ixaai`jrl j k|r{ir|c|a dl tjblc -k| |` kcak!# dl {lclktjrl j

klc|clcir# ca`aacir# kicij`lcir -~ra` trjglrl! ltk.6

/ rlgao dl rldaol`{ai`jrl j ca`aacir# kicij`lcir ~ra` trjglrl -jklj{t eiro j

a`dakjtir|c|a j~jrl ` bjrj dl tatc| j ca`aacir -kicij`lcir! ~l ca`aacl kl cl dl{~jrt6

- / rlgao dl a`{lrjrl j ar|racir ~ra` trjglrlj kic|c|a drl~t/hi{ jc klc|cla jkt|jcl {j| j

diol`a|c|a dl klc|cl {lclktjt -jkl{t kic jrl eiroj |`|a ~|`kt grj{!6

/ rlgao dl a`{lrjrl j kjdrlcir -dl l}lo~c|# j bi}lcir dl tl}t! ` eijaj dl kjck|c -~ra`

trjglrlj a`dakjtir|c|a oi|{|c|a!.

AAA. Ol`a|c ~rigrjo|c|a.

` L}klc `tc`ao ~rjktak jklclja |`ata dl ol`a| kj a ` Wird -l}kl~aj i ejkl |`atjtlj dl

ol`a| Djtj da` L}klc# kjrl i `cik|altl ~l Tjbcl da` Wird!. Dl{ta`jaj |`atacir

dl ol`a| L}klc -rl{~lktau# j o|ctir i~a|`a! kia`kadl k| klj j |`atacir dl ol`a| da`

Wird. Jtt |`atacl dl ol`a|# kt a i~a|`acl da` lcl {l {icakat k| |` {ao~c| kcak jc

oi|{|c|a.

` ki`ta`|jrl `l uio rlelra cj |`lcl i~a|`a# {~lkaeakl ~rigrjo|c|a L}klc8 ` ol`a|c Eacl8

^ra`t Jrlj {l eici{ltl ~l`tr| {ltjrlj {j| ojrkjrlj ~jga`acir kl {l ~rl{|~|` dl j ea

l}trj{l cj ao~raoj`t. L kjx|c { ol`ai`o# k a`eirojaj tjblcjr da` L}klc#

{~rl dli{lbarl dl klj tl}t|jc da` Wird# `| l{tl ~cj{jt ` ~jga`a# ka l{tl

~ixaai`jt jrbatrjr ` eijaj dl kjck|c. D|~ dauaxjrlj eiaa dl kjck|c ` ~jga`a

a`eirojaj da` lj ~ijrl ea jrj`hjt# dl~cj{`d/i ` jj elc# kj lj { `aolrlj{k `

lcl6

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` ol`a|c Ldat8

^j{tl {~lkajc... i ~i{abacatjtl {~lkajc dl ki~alrl -o|tjrl! {j| j aojga`aa klc|clcir#

{j| j ki`a`|t|racir cir ltk. -dl l}lo~c|# ~it ea ki~ajtl {j| o|tjtl `|oja

eiro|clcl {j| `|oja rlx|ctjtlcl kjck|racir!6

Kcljr tlrglrlj kio~clt j ki`a`|t|c|a diol`a|c|a {lclktjt -Jcc!# `|oja j

eirojtracir -Eirojt{!# `|oja j ki`a`|t|c|a -Ki`tl`t{!# `|oja j kiol`tjraacir

-Kiool`t{!. ` rlx|ctjt|c jkl{tir tlrglra klc|clcl {l ~{trljx# ` lcl

oidaeak`d|/{l |oja ki`a`|t|c6

Dlcltl... tlrglra jcl klc|clcir# ca`aacir# kicij`lcir k| tit k| ki`a`|t6

Dlcltl [mllttlrglrlj eiaa dl kjck|c jkt|jcl -k|rl`tl! da` rlga{tr|6

Oiul ir Ki~q [mllt... o|tjrlj {j| ki~alrlj eiaa dl kjck|c jkt|jcl6

` ol`a|c Ualw8

Ualw Kiool`t{ jeajrlj {j| j{k|`dlrlj dl cj lkrj` j kiol`tjraacir a`trid|{l `

klc|cl6

` ol`a|c A`{lrt {l ki`a` kiol`xa {~lkaeakl dl a`{lrjrl8

Klcc{... a`{lrjrl dl klc|cl `ia6

Riw{ a`{lrjrl dl ca`aa `ia6

Kic|o`{ a`{lrjrl dl kicij`l `ia6

Wirf{mllt a`{lrjrl j |`la eia dl kjck|c `ia6

Kmjrt... a`{lrjrl j |`la dajgrjol6

E|`ktai`... a`{lrjrl ` eiro|cl j e|`kaacir {tj`djrd6

Kiool`t a`{lrjrl j kiol`tjraacir k| ~rauarl cj ki`a`|t|c klc|cla -kiol`tjraacl

a`{lrjtl ` klc|c `| {|`t uaxabacl cj lkrj`# `| {l l}trjg cj ao~raoj`t# j~jr k`d

{l ~ixaai`ljx a`dakjtir|c oi|{|c|a ~l klc|ca {lrul{k |tacaxjtir|c|a ` kjcatjtl

dl l}~cakjal j ki`a`|t|c klc|cla!6 ` ol`a|c Eirojt {l g{l{k kiol`xa dl eirojtjrl j a`eirojala da` dik|ol`t8

Klcc{... eirojtjrlj klc|clcir6

Riw{ / eirojtjrlj ca`aacir eiaa dl kjck|c6

Kic|o`{ / eirojtjrlj kicij`lcir eiaa dl kjck|c6

[mllt / eirojtjrlj eiaa k|rl`tl dl kjck|c6

J|tiEirojt... eirojtjrlj tjblclcir -{lclktjtl ` ~rljcjbac! ` ki`eiroatjtl k|

oidlcl ~ri~|{l dl kjck|cjtir6

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` ol`a|c Tiic{ ol`ai`o8

^ritlkai` / ~i{abacata dl ~ritlhjrl j dik|ol`t|c|a6

Gijc [llf... rlxicujrlj |`ir ~ribclol dl i~taoaxjrl -kjck|cjrlj |`ir ujcira

~rldltlroa`jtl jcl klc|cla ~ra` oidaeakjrlj ujciracir jctir klc|cl!6

[iculr... rlxicujrlj |`ir ~ribclol dl kjck|c6

ol`a|c Djtj ki`a`l kiol`xa {~lkajcaxjtl ` c|kr|c k| klcl oja {ao~cl bjxl dl djtl#

irgj`axjtl ` eijaj dl kjck|c {|b eiro dl tjblcl8

[irt... {irtjrlj bjxla dl djtl d|~:/; ko~|ra6

Eactlr / eactrjrlj a`eirojala {j| {lclktjrlj da` bjxj dl djtl j a`eirojala d|~

kratlraa eiro|cjtl dl ktrl |tacaxjtir6

Eiro... ~rialktjrlj# lcjbirjrlj a gl{ta|`lj bjxla dl djtl -kirlktjrl#

a`trid|klrl)tlrglrl j `{kralracir ltk.!6

|`atjtlj dl ol`a| Wa`diw {lrultl ~l`tr| j oj`a~|cj k| elrl{trlcl dik|ol`tlcir# ~l`tr|

j jkt|jcaxj |`lcl {j| jctl dik|ol`tl ` kjx|c dl{kmadlraa a c|kr|c|a k| oja o|ctl

idjt6

Mlc~ l{tl |` ol`a|# ~ra` kjrl {l ~ijtl ki`{|ctj kjck|cjtir|c ` {ki~|c j{a{tl`la

-jh|tir|c|a!.

Ib{lrujal8 ` L}klc l{tl kioida leakal`t |tacaxjrlj ol`a|racl ki`tl}t|jcl. ^ra`a`tlrolda|c cir {l ~it ejkl ojhiratjtlj c|krracir -i j{telc dl oltid uj ea ~rioiujt` ki`ta`|jrl cj l}~cakjrlj c|kr|c|a k| tjblclcl# dajgrjolcl ltk.!

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Tloj :;.

\tacaxjrlj ~rjktak j ~rikl{ir|c|a dl tjblclL}klc

A. I~lrjaa a`aajcl -dl ~rlgtarl!.

K| `iacl rlga{trl L}klc a`aajc {l ~rikldljx j{lo`tir kj a k| dik|ol`tlcl Wird8

dl{kmadlrlj# {tjbacarlj# djk l `lkl{jr# j ~jrjoltracir ~jga`aa# a`{tjcjrlj jcejbltlcira

j dakai`jrlcir ltk. D|~ `lkl{atjtl# ~it ea rldaol`{ai`jtl kicij`lcl -ca`aacl! ~ra`

trjglra jcl ca`aacir kl cl dl{~jrt ` bjrlcl dl tatc|.

Daol`{a|`acl kicij`lcir -ca`aacir! ` ~rikl{|c rldaol`{ai`raa {l jealjx `tr/i kj{lt {at|jt

` ulka`tjtlj a`dakjtir|c oi|{|c|a. Jkl{tl daol`{a|`a {|`t l}~raojtl ` `atl

|`ata# kjrl j| |rotijrlcl ujcira8 ~l iraxi`tjc -~l`tr| kicij`l! < |`at. ? :ko6 ~l

ulrtakjc -~l`tr| ca`aa! ;> |`at. ? : ko.

AA. K|clglrlj a`eirojala -kio~cltjrlj tjblclcir!.

K|clglrlj a`eirojala-kio~cltjrlj klc|clcir tjblclcir k| a`eirojal! {l ejkl k| rl{~lktjrljrlg|cacir dl k|clglrl j tl}t|c|aa# {|~caol`tjr# j |rotijrlcir rlg|ca8

:. [l ~ixaai`ljx k|r{ir|c dl tjblc ` klc|cj kl uj ea kio~cltjt k| a`eirojal a {l k|clgl

|`|c da` |rotijrlcl ta~|ra dl a`eirojal8

/ tl}t|jc {|b eiroj |`|a ar dl kjrjktlrl jrbatrjrl6

/ `|olrak{|b eiroj |`|a `|or# kirlkt da` ~|`kt dl uldlrl ojtlojtak6

/ eiro|clcl {|b eiroj |`la l}~rl{aa ojtlojtakl kirlktl# kjrl {l `kl~l k| {lo`|c ?.

D|~ tlroa`jrlj k|clglraa {l tj{tljxTjb ~l`tr| j trlkl ` klc|cj ulka` da` drlj~tj {j|

L`tlr ~l`tr| j trlkl ` klc|cj |rotijrl dl oja hi{.

` rlx|ctjt# a`eirojaj a`trid|{ {l ~ixaai`ljx ` klc|c ` dl~l`dl` dl ta~8

/ tl}t|jc {~rl {t`gj6

/ `|olrak {~rl drlj~tj -j{telc {l ~ijtl ulraeakj# djk `|or|c k|cl{ a a`trid|{ l{tl

`lcl{ dl kjck|cjtir kj `|or {j| kj tl}t iba`|at*!6

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/ eiro|cj {l j{k|`dl -`| l{tl uaxabac ` klc|c# ka `|oja ` bjrj dl eiro|cl!# ajr `

klc|c j~jrl rlx|ctjt|c# kjck|cjt ` ki`eiroatjtl k| eiro|cj a`trid|{ -` kjx|c kioatlraa

grllcacir ` eiro|c kjck|cjtir|c jealjx ` klc|c tl}t|c +@JOL!.

2. Jdrl{lcl klc|clcir ~jrtaka~j`tl ` kjck|c ~it ea a`trid|{l ` ~rikl{|c k|clglraa eiro|clcir

{icakat`d|/cl k| oi|{|c -l}lk|t`d |` kcak ` klc|clcl rl{~lktaul!# ajr e|`kaacl k|

jh|tir|c rlgao|c|a A`{lrt& E|`kai`... ^l`tr| j oidaeakj jdrl{jrlj klc|cla -da`

rlcjtau ` jb{ic|t {j| a`ulr{! aoldajt d|~ k|clglrlj jdrl{la {l tj{tljx i djt {j|

dl ktluj ira tj{tj e|`kai`jcE4 ~` {l iba`l eiroj `lkl{jr j jdrl{la.

;. Tatc|racl -dl`|oaracl! tjblclcir {l a`trid|k ` klc|cj {at|jt ` ~raoj kicij` j tjblc|c|a.

4. A`trid|klrlj ar|racir `|olrakl |`aeiro krl{ktijrl ~ijtl ea j|tiojtaxjt ` elc|c |rotir8/ {l k|clg ~raolcl 2 lclol`tl jcl ar|c|a ` 2 klc|cl ki`{lk|taul6

/ {l {lclktljx jkl{tl klc|cl -oltidj dl {lclktjrl uj ea l}~|{ oja hi{!6

/ {l trjgl k| a`dakjtir|c oi|{|c|a --! kic|c drl~t/hi{ jc diol`a|c|a {lclktjt ` darlkaj

`lkl{jr.

Djk l `lkl{jr# ~ra` jklj{t oltid ~it ea kio~cltjtl klc|clcl ki`{lk|taul k| |`j a jklaja

a`eirojal tl}t|jc# ~it ea ki~ajtl eiro|clcl. Cj ki~alrlj eiro|clcir# `{# jdrl{lcl

rlcjtaul jcl klc|clcir {l jdj~tljx cj `|olrlcl ca`aacir -ki~alrlj ~l ulrtakjc! {j| cj

`|olcl kicij`lcir -cj ki~alrlj ~l iraxi`tjc!. [l ~{trljx titjc {j| ~jrajc jdrl{lcl

klc|clcir ` eiro|cl# djk lcl {|`t jb{ic|tl -ki`a` {lo`|c $ `ja`tlj `|olcir ca`aacir

a){j| j kicij`lcir!.

AAA. Rldjktjrlj a`eirojala.

^l`tr| rldjktjrlj tjblclcir -kirlktjrlj ki`a`|t|c|a klc|clcir! l}a{t |rotijrlcl oltidl8

:. Trlklrlj ` rlgao|c dl kirlktjrl j klc|cla jkt|jcl {l ejkl tj{tjrlj c|a E2# ~ra`tr/|` d|bc|/

kcak ` lj {j| ~ra` ~ixaai`jrlj k|r{ir|c|a dl tl}t ` bjrj dl eiro|cl.

2. `cik|arlj ki a`|t|c|a klc|cla jkt|jcl k| jct|c `i| {l lelkt|ljx ~ra` k|clglrlj `i|c|a

ki`a`|t.

;. tlrglrlj ki a`|t|c|a klc|cla jkt|jcl {l ejkl ~ra` tj{tjrlj c|a Dlcltl.

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4. [lclktjrlj diol`aacir ` {ki~|c |`ir kirlktra# tlrglra {j| eirojtra# ` jctl {ki~|ra {l

ejkl ~ra` |rotijrlcl oltidl8

/ diol`aacl eirojtl da` klc|cl / ~ra` trjglrlj a`dakjtir|c|a oi|{|c|a dl eiroj kr|kl

grj{ ~l{tl klc|cl6

/ ktluj ca`aa -kicij`l! ki`{lk|taul / ~ra` trjglrlj a`dakjtir|c|a oi|{|c|a dl eiroj kr|kl

grj{ ` bjrlcl dl tatc| jcl ca`aacir -kicij`lcir!6

/ i {a`g|rca`al -kicij`! |` kcak ~l `|olcl la ` bjrj dl tatc|6

/ tijt eijaj dl kjck|c |` kcak ` a`tlr{lkaj bjrlcir dl tatc| j ca`aacir a kicij`lcir `

kic|c {t`g/{|{ jc eiaa dl kjck|c.

I trjglrl rl~ltjt k| tj{tj Ktrc ~rl{jt ~lroatl dl j {lclktj diol`aa jrbatrjrl# da{krltl

-eirojtl da` erjgol`tl daelratl!.

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2. Eirojtjrlj oj`|jc -~l ~ira|`a! j tjblclcir ~ijtl ea ek|t ` elc|c |rotir8

tatc|c tjblc|c|a {l kl`trljx# {lclkt`d tijtl klc|clcl ` caolj tjblc|c|a o~rl|` k|

~raoj# kl ki`a`l tatc|c# a jkai``d b|ti`|c Olrgl j`d Kl`tlrda` bjrj a`{tr|ol`tlcir

dl eirojtjrl -bjrjEirojta`g!6

ei`t|racl a ~ixaaj ~l iraxi`tjcj ki a`|t|c|a klc|clcir~it ea eirojtjtl~ra` {lclktjrlj

klc|clcl a jkai`jrlj b|tij`lcl rl{~lktaul da` bjrj a`{tr|ol`tlcir dl eirojtjrl6

eirojtjrlj kio~cl}j tjblclcir{l ejkl ~ra` {lclktjrlj erjgol`tlcir ` lcl# l}lk|tjrlj

|`|a kcak/drl~t ` diol`aacl {lclktjtl a {icakatjrlj da` ol`a|c ki`tl}t|jc j i~a|`aa

Eirojt klcc{... ` kj{ltj dl dajcig rl{~lktau -ulxa Eag. :;.:! ki`{lk|tau {l {ltljx

~jrjoltraa dl eirojtjrl# |tacax`d |rotijrlcl rlgao|ra8

: @|oblr eiroj dl rl~rlxl`tjrl j a`eirojala ` klc|c -eirojt|c `|olrlcir# jc

djtlcir# jc a`eirojala ki`tjbacl ltk.!6

: 2 ; 4 < 5

Eag. :;.:. Kj{ltj dl dajcig dl eirojtjrl kio~cl} j klc|clcir.

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2 Jcag`aol`t ~ixaaj -jca`alrlj! a`eirojala ` klc|c. Ujcadjrlj kj{ltla Wrj~ tl}t

da` jklj{t kjrtlc ~lroatl trlklrlj tl}t|c|a da` klc|cl da`tr/|` r`d ` jct|c6

; Ei`t eirojtjrlj kio~cl} j kjrjktlrlcir da` klc|cl6

4 Birdlr eirojrlj -dl{l`jrlj! bird|racir klc|clcir# kjrl uir j~jrl a cj ta~jr6

< ^jttlr`{ mj|rjrlj -ui~{arlj! klc|clcir6

5 ^ritlktai` lclol`tl dl ~ritlkal j a`eirojala da` klc|cl -j| lelkt# djk l ~ritlhjt

`trlg dik|ol`t|c!.

` ea`jc# d|~ lelkt|jrlj t|t|rir {ltracir# {l jkai`ljx b|ti`|c dl kioj`d IF ~l`tr|

jkkl~tjrl {j| Kj`klc ~l`tr| jbj`di`jrlj cir.

U. L}trjglrlj dik|ol`tlcir L}klc. [jcujrlj a`eirojala.

L}trjglrlj cj ao~raoj`t j a`eirojala# lcjbirjtl ` L}klc# daelr o|ct dl l}trjglrlj

dik|ol`tlcir Wird# kjrl dl cj b|` `kl~|t {|`t ~ixaai`jtl ~l ~jga`a. ` L}klc tijt

a`eirojaj -tjblclcl# dajgrjolcl# bi}lcl dl tl}t# dl{l`lcl ltk.! {l ~cj{ljx ~l eijaj dl

kjck|c# kjrl ~rjktak l{tl `lcaoatjt# djr# ~` cj |ro# ~ijtl ea dauaxjt ` ~jga`a

~l`tr| j cl l}trjgl -~jrjoltraa ~jga`acir {l {tjbacl{k ~ra` ol`a|c Eacl&^jgl

[lt|~...!. Jklj{t dauaxjrl -~ra` ca`aa ~|`ktjtl! j eiaa dl kjck|c ~ijtl ea ib{lrujt d|~

i uax|jcaxjrl ~rljcjbac j eiaa dl kjck|c -~ra` Eacl&^ra`t ^rlualw! {j| ` rlx|ctjt|c

l}lk|traa kiol`xaa Eacl&^ra`t Jrlj &[lt ^ra`t Jrlj.

Ju`d i j{telc dl dauaxjrl j eiaa dl kjck|c ` ~jga`a# {l trlkl cj i {kjr dl jeajrl j eiaa dl

kjck|c -Ualw&Xiio... ! oja oak -2

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Tloj :4.

Kjck|c|c tjblcjr.\tacaxjrlj eiro|clcir a j e|`kaacir `L}klc

Oa{a|`lj ~ra`ka~jc j ~rigrjo|c|a L}klc# jecjt cj bjxj lcjbirraa c|a# `| l{tl dl j dl{l`j

tjblcl -lcl ~it ea lcjbirjtl a ` Wird!# djr dl j j|tiojtaxj kio~cltjrlj ca`aacir

-kicij`lcir! tjblclcir k| a`eirojal `|olrak# ` ojhiratjtlj kjx|racir kjck|cjt `

dl~l`dl` dl jct a`eirojal# tit `|olrak# a`trid|{ l}~cakat# dl j jd|`j a`eirojaj

`|olrak da` ca`aa -kicij`l! {j| dl j ejkl titjc|ra# dl j i~taoaxj |`lcl ujcira jclklc|clcir ` dl~l`dl` dl ujciracl jctirj ltk.

Tijtl kjck|clcl {l lelkt|ljx ` bjxj eiro|clcir a`trid|{l ` klc|cl. Jkl{tl eiro|cl {l

~{trljx ` klc|cl a `| {l ud ` lcl8 ` klc|clcl {l jealjx rlx|ctjtlcl kjck|clcir.

^ra` a`tlrolda|c eiro|clcir jkl{tl rlx|ctjtl dl~a`d dl jctl djtl -a`aajcl {j| a`trid|{l

l}~cakat# kjck|cjtl j`tlrair ltk.! a {l oidaeak idjt k| oidaeakjrlj klcir a`aajcl.

^rjktak eijaj dl kjck|c -{j| tjblc|c! kl ki`a`l eiro|cl rl~rlxa`t |` ~rigrjo# k|

jh|tir|c kr|aj ~it ea lcjbirjtl tjblcl# ju`d |`j a jkllja {tr|kt|r# djr k| ki`a`|tdaelrat.

A`trid|klrlj irakrla eiro|cl {l `kl~l k| k|clglrlj kjrjktlr|c|a ?. ` ki`ta`|jrl {l k|clgl i

l}~rl{al ojtlojtak kirlkt# kl ~ijtl ki`a`l jtt `|olrl -kirlktl da` ~|`kt dl

uldlrl ojtlojtak!# kt a jdrl{l jcl klc|clcir# daelratl e|`kaa {tj`djrdl. [l rl{~lkt

rlg|cj ~jrj`tlxlcir -~it ea eici{atl `|oja ~jrj`tlxl rit|`dl*!8 `|or|c ~jrj`tlxlcir

kl {l dl{kmad trlb|al { kia`kad k| `|or|c klcir kl {l `kmad.

I~lrjaacl jratoltakl jdoa{abacl {|`t |rotijrlcl8 & -jd|`jrlj!# / -{kdlrlj!# ( -`o|carlj!#

) -o~rarlj!# P -radakjrlj cj ~|tlrl!.

Jd|klo ktluj l}lo~cl dl eiro|cl {ao~cl8

?2&2 -{l jd|` 2 k| 26 ` rlx|ctjt ` klc|cj k| jklj{t eiro|c uj j~jrl 4!6

?j: -klc|cj kl ki`a`l i j{telc dl eiro|c uj julj jklaja ujcijrl kj a klc|cj j:!6

?j:(2>, -ujcijrlj klc|cla kl ki`a`l jklj{t eiro|c uj rl~rlxl`tj 2>, da` ujcijrlj

klc|cla j:!6

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?-j:&b:!)2 -klc|cj k| jklj{t eiro|c uj ki`a`l oldaj jratoltak j ujciracir klc|clcir

j:a b:!.

` eiro|cl ~it ea eici{atl |` ar dl e|`kaa. Tijtl e|`kaacl kl ~it ea |tacaxjtl ` eiro|cl {l

g{l{k ` ol`a|c A`{lrt&E|`ktai`... -jaka lcl {|`t gr|~jtl d|~ kjtlgiraa# l{tl

jd|{ eiroj gl`lrjc dl {kralrl j cir k| l}~cakjaacl rl{~lktaul!. Jd|klo ktluj

l}lo~cl dl e|`kaa8

{|o-j48j;>! jd|` ujciracl t|t|rir klc|clcir dl cj j4 ~` cj j;> a`kc|{au6

{zrt-b;! l}trjgl rdka`j ~trjt da` ujcijrlj klc|cla b;6

ae-j:0:>>6:6>! djk ujcijrlj klc|cla j: l oja ojrl kj :>># jt|`ka ujcijrlj e|`kala

l{tl lgjc k| :# jctelc -djk ujcijrlj klc|cla j: l oja oak {j| lgjc k| :>>!

ujcijrlj e|`kala l{tl lgjc k| >6

oj}-j:6j26j;6j4! ujcijrlj e|`kala l lgjc k| klj oja ojrl da`trl ujciracl

klc|clcirj:# j2# j;# j4.

Cj ki~alrlj klc|clcir# kl ki`a` eiro|cl# jdrl{lcl rlcjtaul jcl klc|clcir ~jrtaka~j`tl ` eiro|cl

{l oidaeaka {l jdj~tljx cj ca`aacl -kicij`lcl! ` kjrl lcl {l ki~al. ^l`tr| j ea}j

|`lcl jdrl{l -{j| j `| ~lroatl oidaeakjrlj cir cj ki~alrl!# ` lcl {l eici{ltl {lo`|c

dicjr|c|a -$!. ` Eag. :4.: {|`t jd|{l tijtl kjx|racl ~i{abacl dl oidaeakjrl j jdrl{lcir

J B K D L

:

2 ?j:&$j2/b$: ?b:&$j2/k$: ?k:&$j2/d$: ?d:&$j2/l$:

; ?j2&$j;/b$:4 ?j;&$j4/b$:

< ?j4&$j

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$!# ajr cj ki~alrlj ~l iraxi`tjc {l oidaeak ` krltlrl d|~ jcejblt catlrj da`

jdrl{ -lj `| l{tl ea}jt k| kjrjktlr|c $!. Dl jkl{t c|kr| `lj~rjt {l uj a`l ki`t cj

ki~alra.

Ib{lrujaj :4.:. Cj o|tjrlj klc|clcir -erjgol`tlcir! jdrl{lcl klc|clcir ro` ki`{tj`tl -`| {l

oidaeak!.

Ib{lrujaj :4.2. Cj {|ojrlj ki`a`|t|racir klc|clcir {l ~ijtl eici{a kioj`djJ|ti[|o da` bjrj

a`{tr|ol`tlcir[tj`djrd. ^l`tr| `kl~|t {l ~ixaai`ljx k|r{ir|c dl tjblc ` klc|cj#

|`dl {l kjck|cljx {|oj a {l jkai`ljx b|ti`|c . ` rlx|ctjt# kjck|cjtir|c

~rl{|~|`lkjo kl diol`a| dl klc|cl {l {|oljx -c `ki`hijr k| i ca`al ~|`ktjt! a

a`{lrljx ` klc|c eiro|cj rl{~lktau. Djk {l jkkl~t ~rl{|~|`lrlj kjck|cjtir|c|a#

{l tj{tljxL`tlr# ajr djk `| / {l {lclktljx k| oi|{|c diol`a|c dl klc|cl# kl {l

{|oljx# a {l tj{tljxL`tlr.

Ib{lrujaj :4.;. C|`gaolj eiro|cla `| trlb|al { dl~lj{k 2

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Tloj :

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cj ltj~j A {l jclgl ta~|c dajgrjola -da` ca{tj da` ~jrtlj {t`g j kj{ltla dl dajcig!

a {|bta~|c la. ^rl{jrlj b|ti`|c|a ^rl{{ j`d micd ti ualw {jo~cl d|kl cj i

uax|jcaxjrl ~rljcjbac j rlx|ctjt|c|a jclglraa. D|~ kl {/j ek|t jclglrlj ta~|c|a

uaatijrla dajgrjol {l jkai`ljx b|ti`|c dl kioj`d @l}t06

cj ltj~j AA |tacaxjtir|c jrl ~i{abacatjtlj dl j jkkl~tj {j| j kirlktj jdrl{lcl ar|racir

`|olrakl -{lraacl!# {lclktjtl ` tjblc# ` bjxj krirj {l lcjbirljx dajgrjoj. `

ki`ta`|jrl {l jkai`ljx b|ti`|c @l}t06

cj ltj~j AAA {l a`trid|k tatc|c dajgrjola# dl`|oaracl j}lcir -djk l `lkl{jr!# {l

~cj{ljx clgl`dj {j| {l a`dak oid|c dl jeajrl a ta~|c a`eirojala l}~cakjtaul da`

uaatijrlj dajgrjo. [l ki`ta`| k| b|ti`|c @l}t06

cj ltj~j AU -ea`jc! {l jclgl cik|c ~cj{raa dajgrjola8 ` eijaj dl kjck|c# jct|ra dl

tjblc# {j| `tr/i eijal {l~jrjt. [l tlroa` c|kr|c k| jkai`jrlj b|ti`|c|a Ea`a{m.

Eici{a`d b|ti`|c 3Bjkf da` kj{ltj dl dajcig ` irakl oiol`t {l ~ijtl `tijrkl `j~ia ~l`tr|

j kirlktj grllcacl kioa{l.

Eag. :

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Dajgrjoj ki`{tr|at# dl rlg|c# `| kirl{~|`dl jtl~tracir a `lkl{at i eirojtjrl oj`|jc

-dl ktrl |tacaxjtir!. Jklj{t eirojtjrl ~rl{|~|`l rldaol`{ai`ra jcl `trlgaa

dajgrjol -lcl ~it ea ek|tl ~ra` trjglrlj ~|`ktlcir dl rldaol`{ai`jrl djk kjdr|c

dajgrjola l jkt|jcaxjt!# jcl lclol`tlcir# lelkt|jrlj daelratir mj|rra a oidaeakra jcl

k|ciracir# eirojtra jcl ei`t|racir ltk.

Oja hi{ {l jd|k lclol`tlcl |`la dajgrjol# kjrl ~it ea oidaeakjtl a jh|{tjtl dl ktrl |tacaxjtir

` ~rikl{|c eirojtraa -ulxa l}lo~c|c da` Eag. :.1

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:> e|`djol`t|c {j| ~idlj|j -Eciir!6

:: gracj {j| ca`aacl dl grac -Gradca`l{!.

Eirojtjrlj ealkr|a lclol`t jc dajgrjola {l ejkl# l}lk|t`d |` kcak drl~t ~l lc a {icakat`d `ki`ta`|jrl i~a|`ljEirojt -dl`|oarl lclol`t!... da` ol`a|c ki`tl}t|jc. ` kj{ltlcl

dl dajcig kl j~jr {l a`{tjcljx ~jrjoltraa `lkl{jra. ` ~c|{# ` jklcja ol`a|

ki`tl}t|jc ~it ea {icakatjtl a jctl i~a|`a {j| kiol`xa# kjrl ~lroat dl j oidaeakj

dajgrjoj ` `trlgaol. D|~ `lkl{atjtl# |`lcl lclol`tl ~it ea o|tjtl da`tr/|` cik `

jct|c -~it ea jrj`hjtl! ~ra` trjglrlj cir k| oi|{|c.

Dajgrjoj lcjbirjt ~ijtl ea l}trj{ cj ta~jr ~l i ~jga` {l~jrjt -` kjx|c k`d lj l{tl

jktaujt!# ~ijtl ea dl~cj{jta jrj`hjt ` eijaj dl kjck|c# ~ijtl ea ki~ajta a`{lrjt` irakl jct dik|ol`t -a`kc|{au# ` dik|ol`tlcl Wird! eici{a`d ~rikldl|c {tj`djrd8

Ki~q -K|t! ^j{tl.

AA. @ia|`l dl bjxl dl djtl.

^rigrjo|c L}klc ~lroatl lcjbirjrlj a gl{tai`jrlj bjxlcir dl djtl {ao~cl. Bjxlcl dl djtl `

L}klc rl~rlxa`t tjblcl k| `{kralra ioigl`l -dl jklaja {tr|kt|r# ki`a``d jklcljako~|ra!. Dl`|oaracl ko~|racir {l `{kra| ` ~craj tjblc|c|a.

Gl{ta|`lj bjxlcir dl djtl -i~lrjaacl klcl oja {ao~cl! {l ejkl ~ra` i~a|`acl ol`a|c|a Djtj8

[irt... {irtjrlj a`eirojala d|~:/; ko~|ra6

Eactlr / eactrjrlj a`eirojala {j| l}trjglrlj la d|~ |`lcl kratlraa -{l rlkioj`d

|tacaxjrlj rlgao|c j|tiojt J|tiEactlr!6

Eiro{... kio~cltjrlj bjxla k| djtl `ia# rldjktjrlj bjxla dl djtl# k|tjrlj dl

a`eirojaa ` bjxj dl djtl ltk.

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Tloj :5.

A`tlr`lta ~it lclktri`ak -L/ojac!

A. Rllj|j gcibjc dl kjck|cjtijrl A`tlr`lta {lruakaacl la.

Adllj ki`lktraa kjck|cjtijrlcir `trl lcl j ei{t rljcaxjt ` [\J cj {erat|c j`acir 5>. Jklj{t

ki`lktjrl j ei{t rl|at a j ju|t drl~t {ki~ ~ra`ka~jc {kmaob|c|a i~lrjtau dl

a`eirojaa `trl kjck|cjtijrl. ` ki`ta`|jrl# cj `kl~|t ` [\J# j~ia a ` jctl ra#

rllclcl dl kjck|cjtijrl {l dlxuict# rllclcl cikjcl ki`lktjtl `trl lcl eiroljx rllcldl~jrtjol`tjcl# tlratirajcl# `jai`jcl ltk. Idjt k| ki`lktjrlj `trl lcl j rllclcir dl

kjck|cjtijrl da` daelratl ra ` j`aa => j~jrl a tlrol`|c A`tlr`lt# kjrl jrl

{lo`aeakjaj dl rllj a`tlr`jai`jc dl kjck|cjtijrl.

Rllj|j A`tlr`lt l{tl jdoa`a{trjt ~l bjx dl uic|`tjrajt dl ktluj irgj`axjaa# kjrl

lcjbirljx {tj`djrdl dl c|kr|# rlkioj`dra ltk.# lcl eaa`d ~|bcakjtl a {lrua`d `

kjcatjtl dl kc|xl ~l`tr| tia kla kia`tlrl{ja.

Ealkjrl kjck|cjtir ki`lktjt cj A`tlr`lt jrl i jdrl{ -|` `|ol!# eirojt da` 4 `|olrl `jt|rjcl

oja oaka kj 2

Dljkllj {/j rlk|r{ cj i jct oidjcatjtl dl jdrl{jrl j kjck|cjtijrlcir da` A`tlr`lt ~ra`

jtrab|arlj jkl{tirj j |`ir dl`|oara eirojtl da` k|ua`tl# ~{tr`d|/{l kirl{~i`dl`j

ba|`auik `trl |ctaolcl a jdrl{lcl `|olrakl. \`akj rl{trakal ` jtrab|arlj `|olcir

l{tl kj ` A`tlr`lt { `| l}a{tl 2 {j| oja o|ctl kjck|cjtijrl k| jklcja `|ol.

` `|olcl kjck|cjtir|c|a da` A`tlr`lt ~it eag|rj ~` cj < k|ua`tl# dl{~ratl ~ra` ~|`ktl.

Jkl{tl k|ua`tl j| i {lo`aeakjal ~rl{tjbacat -rlkioj`djt!# lcl dltlroa``d

ki`{lk|tau diol`aacl# ~ra` kjrl {l jh|`gl cj kjck|cjtir|c ki`krlt. J{telc# |ctao|c

k|u`t da` `|olcl kjck|cjtir|c|a dltlroa` diol`a|c gligrjeak -jrj! {j|

irgj`axjai`jc -diol`a|c dl jktauatjtl!# ~l`|ctao|c k|u`t `|olcl e|r`axir|c|a

A`tlr`lt -~riuadlr|c|a!# |rotir|c {~rl {t`gj `|olcl irgj`axjala ` kjrl {l jec

kjck|cjtir|c ltk. Dl l}lo~c|# `|olcl kqb.ojtm.|{o.d`t.od c ~ijtl julj |`

kjck|cjtir dl cj kjtldrj dl kablr`ltak -kqb!# ejk|ctjtlj dl ojtlojtaka a`eirojtak

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-ojtm! j \`aulr{ataa dl [tjt da` Oicdiuj -|{o!# rllj|j dl kjck|cjtijrl j krlaj l

ki`lktjt cj A`tlr`lt ~ra` ~riuadlr|c D@T -d`t! da` Oicdiuj -od!.

Ib{lrujal. Dl`|oarlj diol`aacir gligrjeakl l{tl eirojt da` 2 catlrl -jbrluajt|rj dl`|oaraa

raa# j`jcigak klcla |tacaxjtl ` `|olrlcl j|tioibaclcir8 od Oicdiuj# r| R|{aj#

|j \frja`j# ri Rio`aj ltk.!. ` kjcatjtl dl diol`aa irgj`axjai`jcl# j~r|tl a

~{trjtl ` ojhiratjtl ~l tlratira|c [\J# l}a{t |rotijrlcl8

kio irgj`axjaa kiolrkajcl6

ld| irgj`axjaa ld|kjai`jcl -|`aulr{ata!6

giu a`{tat|aa g|ulr`jol`tjcl loacatjrl6

oac irgj`axjaa oacatjrl6

irg jctl irgj`axjaa6

`lt rl{|r{l ~l`tr| rllj6

a`t a`{tat|aa a`tlr`jai`jcl -dl l}lo~c|# @JTI!.

` A`tlr`lt l}a{t |` ar dl {lruakaa# ~ra` a`tlrolda|c krirj ~it ea ujciraeakjtl rl{|r{lcl c|a. I

~jrtl da` jkl{tlj j| j~r|t a`aajc# idjt k| j~jraaj A`tlr`lt/|c|a# jctlcl ~l ~jrk|r{|c

dlxuictraa c|a. Da`trl jkl{tl {lruakaa ~it ea ol`ai`jtl |rotijrlcl8

Tlc`lt jkkl{jrlj |`|a kjck|cjtir ~l`tr| j/a eici{a rl{|r{lcl tlm`akl -oloiraj# ~rikl{ir|c!

` {ki~|c rlxicuraa |`ir ~ribclol {j| j ~rlc|krraa a`eirojala# kl `| ~it ea lelkt|jtl

k| rl{|r{lcl kjck|cjtir|c|a dl ~l cik. Jkl{t {lruaka| ~ijtl ea eici{at ` kjx|c k`d

|tacaxjtir|c jrl ~lroa{a|`l dl jkkl{ cj kjck|cjtir|c dl cj da{tj` -`|ol a ~jric dl

jkkl{# jtrab|atl dl ~i{l{ir|c kjck|cjtir|c|a {tra`!6

ET^ -Eacl Trj`{elr ^ritikic! ~lroatl trj`{elr|c dl eaalrl dl cj |` kjck|cjtir cj jct|c. `

A`tlr`lt l}a{t kjck|cjtijrl k| jrmaul dl eaalrl# da` kjrl ~it ea ki~ajtl a trj`{elrjtl

klcl `lkl{jrl ` kjck|cjtir|c dl ~l cik. a jaka l}a{t `ia|`lj dl ~lroa{a|`l dl jkkl{8

{l ~ijtl ki`lktj cj |` kjck|cjtir {tra` ~l`tr| j trj`{elrj eaalrl djk |tacaxjtir|c jrl~lroa{a|`lj rl{~lktau6

L/ojac ~itj lclktri`ak# ~lroatl kirl{~i`dl`j -{kmaob|c dl ol{jhl! `trl |tacaxjtira.

WWW -Wircd Wadl Wlb! {lruaka| a`eirojai`jc oi`dajc. Ojhiratjtlj kjck|cjtijrlcir

da` A`tlr`lt ki`a` a`eirojaa# kjrl ~it ea ki`{|ctjtl {ao~c| a ~l grjta{ dl irakl

|tacaxjtir -~rjktak WWW rl~rlxa`t i babcaitlk oi`dajc!6

\[L@LT gr|~|ra dl tara {j| dl da{k|aa. Eaa`d jbi`jt cj |` j{telc dl {lruaka| da`tr/|`

diol`a| ki`krlt# |tacaxjtir|c l{tl cj k|rl`t k| tijtl `i|tacl da` jkl{t diol`a| -~l

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kjrl cj ~raoltl ~ra` L/ojac!# ~ijtl da{k|tj daelratl ~ribclol da` diol`a| k| tia

klacjca ~jrtl`lra ltk.6

Tjcf da{k|aa ` rllj# kjrl ~rl{|~|`l ki`uirbara ` {kra{ `trl |tacaxjtira ` tao~ rljc

-ol{jh|c k|cl{ cj tj{tjt|r ~l cik j~jrl ~l lkrj`|c kjck|cjtir|c|a dl cj da{tj` a

a`ulr{# tit|c dlk|rg`d ` tao~ rljc!6

A`tlr`lt ^mi`l# A`tlr`lt Ej} da{k|aa tlclei`akl# trj`{oatlrl dl ol{jhl Ej} ~ra`

A`tlr`lt.

AA. Briw{lrl A`tlr`lt. K|tra dl a`eirojaa ` A`tlr`lt.

^l`tr| `juagjrl ~ra` A`tlr`lt ` {ki~|c k|traa dl a`eirojaa j| ei{t lcjbirjtl ~rigrjol

{~lkajcl# kjrl {l a`{tjcljxa {l ki`eag|rljx ` dl~l`dl` dl djtlcl# e|r`axjtl dl

~riuadlr|c A`tlr`lt idjt k| ki`lktjrlj cj lc. Da`trl jkl{tl ~rigrjol# `|oatl a

briw{lrl A`tlr`lt# ~ijtl ea ol ai`jt ~rigrjo|c A`tlr`lt L}~cirlr-{j| @lt{kj~l

Kioo|`akjtir!# kjrl r|cljx ` olda|c Wa`diw{.

A`tlrejj ~rigrjo|c|a A`tlr`lt L}~cirlr l{tl jd|{ ` Eag. :5.:. L{tl i elrlj{tr/j~cakjal

iba`|at# kjrl ki`a`l i bjr dl jdrl{l# |`dl {l k|clgl a {l a`trid|kl -k| tj{tj

L`tlr! dl`|oarlj kjck|cjtir|c|a da` A`tlr`lt# ~rlkldjt dl dl`|oarlj {lruaka|c|a

dirat -{~rl l}lo~c|# www.qjmii.kio {j|et~.k`a.odltk.!.

Eag. :5.:. A`tlrejj ~rigrjo|c|a A`tlr`lt L}~cirlr.

Bjrdl tatc|

Bjrdl ol`a|ra

Bjrdl a`{tr|ol`tl

Bjrdl jdrl{l

Bjrdl {tjrl

Ki a`|t

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Cj eici{arlj {lruaka|c|a WWW -` ~rlxl`t l{tl klc oja |tacaxjt {lruaka|# ki`a`l ` {a`l ~rjktak

tijtl jctl {lruakaa A`tlr`lt! ki`lktjrlj cj |` kjck|cjtir {tra` d|kl cj jeajrlj ~l lkrj`

j jj `|oatla ~jga`a Wlb da` jkl{tj. ^jga`acl Wlb j| dlul`at `atl i~lrl dl jrt#

ki`a``d eitigrjeaa# dl{l`l# rlkcjo# jctl ta~|ra dl a`eirojaa -o|xak# eacol ltk.#

kjrl ~it ea r|cjtl {j| l}trj{l! a# dl{ag|r# tl}t.

Tl}t|c da` ~jga`j Wlb ~ijrt dl`|oarlj dl ma~lrtl}t# ki`a``d k|ua`tl# `ia|`a# dl`|oara#

jdrl{l ltk. luadl`ajtl -{kra{l k| i jct k|cijrl {j| {|bca`ajtl!# ~ra` kjrl# k| |` kcak jc

oi|{|c|a -k`d a`dakjtir|c ~raoltl eiroj |`la o`a!!# ~ijtl ea dl{kma{ i|rotijrl ~jga` Wlb# kl ki`a`l a`eirojal dl{~rl tlrol`|c rl{~lktau.` jj elc {l

~ijtl `juagmj ~ra` A`tlr`lt -~ra` daelratl kjck|cjtijrl! ` {ki~|c k|traa a`eirojala`lkl{jrl.

Dl{ag|r# l{tl eijrtl grl| dl j g{a ` A`tlr`lt kllj kl/a trlb|al. ^l`tr| j ||rj c|kr|c dl

k|tjrl j a`eirojaacir ` A`tlr`lt l}a{t kjck|cjtijrl dl k|tjrl. `kl~`d k|

jkkl{jrlj jkl{tirj l{tl oja |ir dl j `juagj ` {ki~|c k|traa dl a`eirojaa. ^ra`trl

jkl{tl kjck|cjtijrl ~it ea ol`ai`jtl8

www.qjmii.kio

www.jctjua{tj.kiowww.rjobclr.r|

www.j~irt.r|

www.r|

ltk.

Oja o|ct dlkt jtt# kjck|cjtijrlcl dl k|tjrl ki`a` ko~|ra -kj{ltl dl tl}t!# ` kjrl

|tacaxjtir|c|a ~ijtl a`trid|kl |`|c {j| oja o|ca tlrol`a -k|ua`tl/kmlal! d|~ kjrl

`{a kjck|cjtir|c dl k|tjrl kj|t ~ra` A`tlr`lt a`eirojaj dirat a# ` rlx|ctjt#

~ijtl jeaj |` ar dl jdrl{l dl kjck|cjtijrl# kjrl# ~i{abac# ki`a` jklj{t a`eirojal.

AAA. \tacaxjrlj a`eirojala da` A`tlr`lt.

` rllj|j A`tlr`lt l}a{t i kj`tatjtl l`iro dl a`eirojal. ` ~rlxl`t ~rjktak irakl ~lr{ij`#

irakl irgj`axjal j| ~i{abacatjtlj dl j ~cj{j ~l |`lcl da` kjck|cjtijrlcl da` rllj

a`eirojal dl irakl `jt|r. ` jj oid jrl cik kio~cltjrlj jkl{tla babcaitlka

l`irol# A`tlr`lt/|c trj`{eiro`d|/{l `tr/i rllj a`eirojai`jc.

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dl{~rat ~ra` kjrjktlr|c N# {l {kral |` k|u`t / `|olcl dl adl taeakjrl jc

|tacaxjtir|c|a -AD!. Dl l}lo~c|8 oicdiuj`|Nmitojac.kio -jdrl{j |tacaxjtir|c|a

Oicdiuj`|# kjrl jrl i k|tal ~itjc ` kjck|cjtir|c mitojac.kio!.

K|taacl ~itjcl {|`t dl 2 ta~|ra8 cikjclagcibjcl -|`aulr{jcl!.

K|taacl ~itjcl cikjcl {l dl{kmad ~l kjck|cjtir|c ~lr{i`jc jc |tacaxjtir|c|a# ki`lktjt cj A`tlr`lt#

eici{a`d |` ~rigrjo {~lkajcaxjt dl ~it lclktri`ak -dl l}lo~c|# I|tciif L}~rl{{!.

^l`tr| j c|krj k| jklj{t k|tal ~itjc |tacaxjtir|c eici{ltl `|oja kjck|cjtir|c {|

-l{tl clgjt dl kjck|cjtir|c ki`krlt# ` kjrl {l jec k|taj ~itjc!.

K|taacl ~itjcl gcibjcl {l dl{kmad ~l jj `|oatlcl kjck|cjtijrl ~itjcl da` A`tlr`lt# cj kjrl {l

~ijtl jh|`gl da` irakl kjck|cjtir# ki`lktjt cj A`tlr`lt. J{telc# |tacaxjtir|c# ju`d i jjk|tal ~itjc# ~ijtl {/i eici{lj{k da` irakl cik# jkkl{`d/i k| jh|tir|c irakr|a

kjck|cjtir# ki`lktjt cj A`tlr`lt. Da`trl kjck|cjtijrlcl ~itjcl# cj kjrl {l ki`lktljx

~ra` {lruaka|c WWW# ~it ea ol`ai`jtl8

www.ojac.od

www.mitojac.kio

www.ojac.qjmii.kio

www.riojac.kioltk.

Cj dl{kmadlrlj -eirojrlj! k|tala ~itjcl |tacaxjtir|c a`dak `|olcl -~rao|c k|u`t da` jdrl{#

{at|jt `ja`tlj kjrjktlr|c|a N! a i ~jric -k|u`t {lkrlt# k|`i{k|t `|oja dl

|tacaxjtir!# k| kjrl ~l uaatir lc uj jkkl{j jklj{t k|tal ~l`tr| j ulraeakj ~itj# j

lcjbirj a j trj`{oatl ol{jhl ltk. Ol`ai`o# k dl{kmadlrlj |`la k|taa ~itjcl {l

ejkl i {a`g|r djt. ` ki`ta`|jrl |tacaxjtir|c i eici{ltl# a`tr`d ` lj k| `|olcl a

~jricj {tjbacatl j`tlrair# cj dl{kmadlrlj k|tala ~itjcl -|` l}lo~c| dl a`tlrej ~l`tr|

jkkl{jrlj k|tala ~itjcl l{tl jd|{ ` Eag. :5.2!.

K|taj ~itjc ki`a`l ktluj kio~jrtaol`tl8 A`bi} -~l`tr| ol{jhlcl ~raoatl!# I|tbi} -~l`tr|

ol{jhl# ~l kjcl dl j ea l}~ldajtl!# [l`t -~l`tr| ki~aacl ol{jhlcir l}~ldajtl!# Drjet

-~l`tr| oj{jhl `ltlroa`jtl# k| kjrl {l uj oja c|krj ~` cj traoatlrl!# Dlcltld

-~l`tr| ol{jhlcl tlr{l da` klclcjctl kio~jrtaol`tl!. ` Eag. :5.; l{tl jd|{ a`tlrair|c

|`la k|taa ~itjcl -kio~jrtaol`t|c A`bi}! k| |tacatjrlcl `lkl{jrl8 ol`a|# kiol`xa

ltk.!.

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^ra`trl |tacatjrlcl ~ra`ka~jcl jcl k|tala ~itjcl ~it ea ol`ai`jtl8

Kio~i{l rlgao dl kio~|`lrl -lcjbirjrl! j |`|a ol{jh `i|6

Rl~cq rlgao dl kio~|`lrl j |`|a ol{jh dl r{~|`{ cj ol{jh|c ~raoat6

Eirwjrd traoatlrlj ol{jh|c|a ~raoat oja dl~jrtl# jct|a |tacaxjtir6

Jttjkm {j| """" rlgao dl jtjjrl cj ol{jh|c lcjbirjt j irakrir eaalrl -dik|ol`tl! da`

kjck|cjtir|c |tacaxjtir|c|a {~rl j ea trj`{oa{l o~rl|` k| ol{jh|c6

[ag` ol |~*{l {icakat~l`tr| eirojrlj

k|tala ~itjcl -`|oja i{a`g|rdjt# k`d {l

jbi`ljxcj L/ojac!

Kj{ltlcl dl tl}tADa ^j{{uird {l

kio~cltljxk| |olcla~jricj |tacaxjtir|c|a dl

ealkjrl djt~l`tr| j a`trj k|taj ~itjc

[ag` a`{l tj{tljxk| |` kcak d|~

kio~cltjrlj ko~|racirADa ^j{{uird

Eag. :5.2. A`tlrejj dl jbi`jrla a`trjrl ` k|taj ~itjc.

Ol`a|c ~ra`ka~jc jck|tala ~itjcl

Kio~jrtaol`t|cA`bi}

k| ca{tjkirl{~i`dl la

~raoatl

Eag. :5.;. A`tlrair|c |`la k|taa ~itjcl.

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Kmlkf Ojac kioj`d dl ulraeakjrl j ~itla -jklj{t kioj`d jealjx cj lkrj` ca{tj

ol{jhlcir ~raoatl ` k|taj ~itjc ~lr{i`jc!.

Ol{jh|c ~itjc jrl i {tr|kt|r {tj`djrd# ki`a``d |rotijrlcl ko~|ra -ulxa l}lo~c|c da`

Eag. :5.4!8

Ti8 / ko~ ~l`tr| jdrl{j dl{ta`jtjr|c|a -jaka ~it ea a`dakja oja o|ca dl{ta`jtjra#dl{~ra`d ~ra` uarg|cl jdrl{lcl cir!6

[|bhlkt8 / ko~ ~l`tr| {|balkt|c ol{jh|c|a -a`eirojal da` ktluj k|ua`tl dl{~rl

ki`a`|t|c ol{jh|c|a!6

Kk8 / ko~ ~l`tr| jctl jdrl{l jcl dl{ta`jtjracir# kjrl `| trlb|al { jecl ka`l uj oja ~raoa

ol{jh|c -ki~al j{k|`{!6

Ki`a`|t|c ol{jh|c|a {l {kral oja hi{# eici{a`d|/{l kjrjktlrl cjta`l -{tj`djrd|c J[KAA!.

Ib{lrujal. ^ra` ~itj lclktri`ak {l ~ijtl trj`{oatl irakl a`eirojal# kl {l ~{trljx `kjck|cjtir. ^l`tr| jklj{tj eaalrlcl k| a`eirojaj rl{~lktau {l jtjljx dl ol{jh

-~ra`ka~a|c trl`|c|a8 ol{jh|c jrl ric|c dl cikioitau# ajr eaalrlcl jtjjtl {|`t

ujgij`l dl trl`!.

Jdrl{jdl{ta`jtjr|c|a

Ki a`|t|col{jh|c|a

[|balkt|col{jh|c|a

Eag. :5.4. Eiro|cjr|c ol{jh|c|a ~itjc.