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Property of the National Association ofIndian Nurses of America. May download and

use for educational purpose.

Ah\-hs‚ km[-\-km-a-{Kn-Iƒ D]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw a‰p-≈-h-

cp-ambn ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂Xv \ncp-’m-l-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw sNøp-I.

amkvIv icn-bmb coXn-bn¬ [cn-°p-hm\pw CSbv°nsS

ssIIƒ IgpIn ip≤n-bm-°p-hm\pw \nß-fpsS Ip´n-Isf

A`ykn-∏n-°p-I.

\nß-fpsS Npabpw XpΩepw IS-emkv Xphme sIm≠v

ad-°p-∂-Xn-\pw, DS≥ Xs∂ B Xphm-esb AXn\mbn

{]tXyIw th¿Xn-cn-®n-´p≈ CSß-fn¬ \nt£-]n-°p-∂-Xn-

\pw, F{Xbpw thK-Øn¬ ssIIƒ IgpIn ip≤n-bm-°p-

hm\pw Ip´n-Isf ]cn-io-en-∏n-°p-I.

ho´n¬ FØnbm-ep-S≥ kvIqƒ hkv{Xw am‰n hrØn-bmbn

Ipfn-°p-∂-Xn\pw tijw ho´n-en-Sp∂ hkv{Xw [cn-°p-

∂Xn\pw, ]pkvX-I-k-©n-Iƒ XpS®v hrØn-bmbn

kq£n-°q-hm\pw Ip´n-Isf t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°pI.

kmº-ØnI \n¿Δ-lWwtZio-bhpw {]mtZ-in-I-hp-amb ̀ c-W-Iq-S-߃°v Cu {]Xn-

k-‘n -bn¬ F¥mWv \¬Im≥

IgnbpI F∂Xv a\- n-em-°p-I.

kmº-Øn-I-am-tbm, a‰v Xc-Øntem

D≈ Icm-dp-I-fn¬ GsX¶nepw Xc-

Øn¬, {]Xn-k-‘n-I-fpsS \o°p-t]m-

°p-Iƒ°p≈ km≤y-X-I-sf-°p-dn®v]Tn-°p-I.

]pXnb ap≥K-W-\-Isf ]cn-K-Wn-®p-sIm≠v _UvP‰v ]p\x-]-cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.kmhm-[m-\-Øn¬ \o°n-bn-cp∏v ]p\¿\n¿Ωn-°p-I.Ipd™ ]en-i-\n-c-°n-s\bpw G‰°p-d-®n-ep-≠m-Ip∂tÃm°v am¿°-‰n-s\bpw {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.\nß-fpsS ]Ww ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xn\pw G‰hpw sa®-amb hmKvZm-\-߃ e`n-°p-∂-Xn\pw klm-bn-°p∂Hm¨sse≥ kmt¶-Xn-I-Xsb {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.IS-_m-≤y-X-Iƒ _p≤n-]q¿Δw ssIImcyw sNøp-I.\nß-fpsS t\´-ß-fpsS \ne-hmcw kwc-£n-°p-I.]e-hn-[-Øn-ep≈ X ń-∏p-I-sf-∏‰n {]tXyIw Pm{KX ]men-°pI.

am\-knI ]ncn-ap-d-°sØ \nb-{¥n-°p-hm≥ :ka-b-_-‘n-X-ambn PohnX ssien {Iao-I-cn-°p-IbpwAXv IrXy-ambn ]men-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.\n߃°v \nb-{¥n-°p-hm≥ km[n-°p∂ Imcy-ß-fn¬

{i≤ tI{μo-I-cn-°p-I.

kmt¶-XnI hnZy-Iƒ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-SpØn _‘p-°fpw kplr-Øp-°-fp-ambn kmaq-lnI _‘-߃ \ne-\n¿Øp-I.

aptºm´v \bn-°p-hm-\p-X-Ip∂ t{]c-I-i‡n e`n-°p-hm-\mbn IrXy-amb Hcp ]≤Xn Bhnjv°-cn-°p-∂-Xn-s\-°pdn®v Nn¥n-°p-I.h¿Ø-am-\-Im-e-Ønepw e`n-®n-cn-°p∂ Xr]vXn-I-c-ambAhÿ-bnepw {i≤ tI{μo-I-cn-°p-I.CjvSap≈ kwKoXw {ihn-°p-I-tbm, ]pkvX-I-߃ hmbn-°p-Itbm sNbvXv am\-koI ]ncn-ap-d°w Ign-hXpw Ipd-bv°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-I.bmYm¿∞y-ßsf IrXy-ambn {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ hnizm-k-X-bp≈ am≤y-a-߃ D]tbm-Kn-°p-Ibpw hnIm-c-ßsfDtØPn-∏n-°p∂ am≤y-a-ßsf Hgnhm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.hm¿Ø-Iƒ \nßsf DXvIWvTm-Ip-e-cm-Ip∂p F¶n¬AØcw am≤y-a-߃ {ihn-°p-∂-Xn¬ \n∂pw kzbwHgn™n-cn-°m≥ {ian-°p-I.Xf-cp∂p F∂v tXm∂p-tºmƒ \nß-fpsS hy‡n ]c-ambhnizm-k-ß-fnepw XXz-ß-fnepw Nmcn Bizmkw Is≠-Øp-hm≥ {ian-°p-I.c‡-Zm\w sNøp-I, kao-]-{]-tZ-i-ß-fn-ep≈ hr≤-P-\-ßsf klm-bn-°p-I, kmaqly t£a-Øn-\mbn {]h¿Øn-°p∂ kwL-S-\-Iƒ°v klmbw \¬IpI XpS-ßnb{]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ Dƒs∏Sm≥ {ian-°p-I.\nß-sfbpw \nß-fpsS kaq-l-sØbpw klm-bn-°m≥a‰p-≈-h¿ sNøp-∂-Xns\ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw hne-a-Xn-°p-

Ibpw sNøp-I.

apI-fn¬ ]d-™n-cn-°p∂ hnh-c-߃ kam-l-cn-®Xv1. Centers for Disesase control and Prevention,

www.CDC.gov.2. Us food and drug administation www.fda.gov

hnh-c-߃ kam-l-cn-®h¿

1. A¬t^m¬k dlvam≥ . DNP, APRN, CNS, CCRN2. eX tPmk^v DNP, APRN, AGPNCNP- BC3. ankmw a¿®‚ v MBA, BSN, RN, CCRN, PCCN, RN-Bc Nc-Bc4. do\p Fw. h¿§okv DNP, APRN, FNP-C

]cn-`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øn-bXv : tacn F{_mlw MSN, RNWebsite : www.naine.com

s]mXp KXm-KXw kpc-£nXzw:s]mXp-ÿ-e-ß-fn-em-bn-cn-°p-tºmgpw, s]mXp-hmb KXm-

KX kuI-cy-߃ D]tbm-Kn-°p-tºmgpw \n¿_-‘-ambpw

amkvIv [cn-°p-I.

Xnc-t°-dnb ÿe-ß-fn¬ \n∂v Hgn™n-cn-°p-Ibpw Ign-bp-

∂n-S-sØ√mw kmaq-lnI AIew ]men-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

KXm-KX Xnc°v Ipd-™n-cn-°p∂ ka-bØv bm{X sNøp-

∂-Xn\v {i≤n-°p-I.

km[m-cW kv]¿in-°-s]-Sp∂ D]cn-X-e-ß-fp≈ am¿-°-

‰p-Iƒ, Xnc-»n-e-Iƒ, hnc-e-S-bmf ]cn-tim-[\m b{¥-߃,

ssI∏n-Sn-Iƒ, Fenth-‰¿ _´-Wp-Iƒ, _©p-Iƒ apX-

em-bh kv]¿in-°p-∂Xv \nb-{¥n-°p-I.

B¬°tlmƒ ASßn-bn-´p≈ km\n-ss‰k¿ IrXy-ambn

D]tbm-Kn-°p-I-bpw, apJØpw apSn-bn-g-I-fnepw ssIhn-c-ep-

Iƒ sIm≠v kv]¿in-°p-∂Xv Hgnhm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

hnam\ bm{X-bnse ap≥I-cp-X-ep-Iƒ :\nß-fpsS BtcmKy-c-£m-{]-h¿Ø-I-cp-ambn bm{X-sb-°p-dn®v

N¿® sNøp-Ibpw tZlm-kz-kvYy-߃ D≈t∏mƒ bm{X

Hgnhm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

Iøn¬ sIm≠p-t]m-Ip∂

Bhiy-km-[-\-߃ ]cn-an-

X-s∏-Sp-Øp-I.

bm{X sNøp-- tºmƒ Ign-

hXpw Ccn∏n -S -Øn¬

Xs∂ XpS-cp-I. CSbv

°nsS ssIIƒ ipNn-bm-

°p-Ibpw apJw kv]¿in-°p-∂Xv Hgnhm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-

I. amkvIv [cn-°p-hm-\pw, a‰v bm{X-°m-cn¬ \n∂v AIew

]men-°p-hm\pw {i≤n-°p-I.

Ccn∏n-S-Øn\p apI-fn-ep≈ hmbp˛ \mkm{Klw \nß-

fpsS Xebv°v t\sc B°n hbv°p-Ibpw F√mt∏mgpw

AXv ]q¿Æ-ambn Xpd∂v sh°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

\n߃°v Gs¥¶nepw kpJ-an-√mbva tXm∂p-Itbm kl-

bm-{Xn-I-cn¬ Bsc¶nepw {]Xy-£-Øn¬ tcmK-e-£-W-

߃ ImWn-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬ DS≥ Xs∂ hnam-\-Øn-

ep≈ BtcmKy-{]-h¿Ø-Isc Adnbn-°p-I.

e£y-ÿm-\-sØØnb tijw \nß-fpsS BtcmKy ÿnXn

]cn-tim-[n-°p-Ibpw kzbw F√mh-cn¬\n∂pw AI¬®

]men-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

IS-I-fn¬ t]mIp-tºmƒ [cn-t°≠ ap≥I-cp-X-ep-Iƒ :ho´n¬ \n∂v Cdßp-∂-

Xn\p apºv Ht∂m ct≠m

BgvNtØ°v th≠

km[-\-ß-fpsS Hcp

]´nI Xøm-dm-°p-I.

_mly-tem-I-hp-am-bp≈

_‘w Ign -bp -∂Xpw

I p d - b v ° p - ∂ - X n \ v

Hm¨sse≥ hgn-bp≈ hmß-ep-I-sf-∏‰n BtemNn-°p-I.

kpJ-an-√m-Ø-t∏mƒ s]mXpÿe-߃ kμ¿in-°p-∂Xv

Hgnhm-°p-I.

IS-bn¬ Bbncn-°p-tºmƒ ]q¿Æ-k-a-bhpw amkvIv [cn-

°p-Ibpw, km\n-ss‰-k¿ D]tbm-Kn®v ssIIƒ ip≤n-bm-

°p-Ibpw, kmaq-lnI AIew ]men-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

henb P\-°q´w Hgnhm-°m≥ Xnc-°p≈ ka-bØv IS-bn¬

t]mIp-∂Xv Hgnhm-°p-I.

D]tbm-Kn-°p-∂-Xn\p apºpw D]tbm-Kn-®-Xn-\p-ti-jhpw

km[-\-߃ FSp°p∂ _mkv°-‰n-s‚bpw D¥ph-≠n-bp-

sSbpw ssI]nSn A\p\m-in\n D]tbm-Kn®v XpS-°p-I.

D]cn-X-e-ßsf kv]¿in-°p-tºmƒ AWp°-fpsS ]I¿®

D≠mIm-\p≈ km≤yX Hgnhm-°m≥, IS-bn¬ t]mIp-

tºmƒ Iøp-d-Iƒ DS≥ Xs∂ Ducn am‰p-I.

ho´n-se-Øn-bm-ep-S≥ ssIIƒ ip≤n-bmbn Igp-Ip-hm≥

{i≤n-°p-I.

IS-bn¬ \n∂pw sIm≠p-h-cp∂ km[-\-߃ IgpIn XpS®v

hrØn-bm-°nb tijw am{Xw Aeam-cn-bn¬ hbv°p-hm≥

{i≤n-°p-I.

kmaq-lnI Iq´m-bva-I-fn¬ ]men-t°≠

kpc£m \nb-a-߃ :Ign-bp-∂n-S-tØmfw kmaq-lnI Iq´m-bva-Iƒ Hgnhm-°p-I.

amkvIv [cn-°p-Ibpw AIew ]men-°p-Ibpw, km\n-ss‰-

k¿ D]tbm-Kn®v CS°nsS ssIIƒ ip≤n-bm-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-I.

lkvX-Zm-\-߃ Hgnhm-°p-Ibpw km[m-c-W-bmbn D]tbm-

Kn-°-s∏-Sp∂ D]cn-X-e-߃ kv]¿in-°p-∂Xv ]c-am-h[n Ipd-

°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

tImhn-Uv˛19s‚ GsX¶nepw e£-W-߃ \nß-fn¬

ImWp∂psh¶n¬ \nß-fp-ambn kº¿°-Øn¬ G¿s∏´

BfpIsf DS≥ Xs∂ hnhcw Adnbn-°p-I.

kvIqfn-te°v aS-ßp-tºmƒ {i≤n-t°-≠h :kpJ-an√ F∂v tXm∂n-bm¬ ho´n¬ Xs∂ Ccn°p-Ibpw

kvIqƒ A[nIr-Xsc hnhcw Adnbn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-I.

\n߃t°m \nß-fp-ambn ASpØ kº¿°w ]pe¿Øn-

b-h¿t°m tImhnUv ˛19 Ds≠∂v ÿnco-I-cn-®m¬ DS≥

Xs∂ A[oIr-Xsc hnhcw Adnbn-°p-I.

hnZym-e-b-hp-ambn _‘w ]pe¿Øp-Ibpw Ah[n {]Jym-

]-\-ß-sf-°p-dn®v t_m[-hm-∑m-cm-Ip-Ibpw sNøp-I.

kvIqfnepw _knepw kmaq-lnI AIew ]men-°p-I-hm\pw

kvIqƒ hn´p-I-gn-bp-tºmƒ Iq´w IqSp-∂-Xns\ \ncp-’m-

l-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw \nß-fpsS Ip´n-Isf D]tZ-in-°p-I.

Ip´n-Iƒ°v tcmK-{]-Xn-tcm[ i‡n h¿≤n-∏n-°m≥

DXpIp∂ BtcmKy-I-c-amb ̀ £Ww Ign-°m-\pw, [mcmfw

sh≈w IpSn -°m\pw, ImbnI {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬

G¿s∏Sm\pw IrXy-amb Dd°w e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn\pw t{]cn-

∏n-°p-I.

ho´n¬ \n∂pw D®`-£Ww sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-hm≥ t{]m’m-

ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-s\m∏w kplr-Øp-°-fp-ambn ̀ £W km[-

\-߃ ]¶p-h-bv°p-∂-Xns\ \ncp-’m-l-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw

sNøp-I.

\nß-fpsS Ip´n-Iƒ°v IpSn-°m-\m-h-iy-Øn-\p≈ sh≈w

sImSp-Ø-bv°m≥ {i≤n-°p-Ibpw s]mXp-P-e-[m-c-I-fn¬

\n∂p IpSn-°p-∂Xv Hgnhm-°m≥ \n¿t±-in-°p-Ibpw

sNøp-I.