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CIVIL WARCIVIL WAR

18611861--18651865Strengths and WeaknessesStrengths and Weaknesses

Shots at SumterShots at Sumter

Early CampaignsEarly Campaigns

Turning of the WarTurning of the War

Surrender @ AppamatoxSurrender @ Appamatox

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ELECTION OF 1860ELECTION OF 1860

4 MAN RACE

4 MAN RACE

Charleston ConventionCharleston Convention andand Baltimore ConventionBaltimore Convention sawsawDemocrats unable to appoint a leader (Douglass,Democrats unable to appoint a leader (Douglass,Buchanan, or Breckinridge)Buchanan, or Breckinridge)

Would break into two camps: Breckinridge in SouthWould break into two camps: Breckinridge in Southand Douglass in Northand Douglass in North

Lincoln would win the Republican nominationLincoln would win the Republican nomination

John Bell would represent theJohn Bell would represent the Constitutional UnionConstitutional Unionparty and was supported by border states and wantedparty and was supported by border states and wanted

to preserve the Unionto preserve the Union

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ISSUE OF SECESSIONISSUE OF SECESSION

Lincoln didnt win one electoral vote in theLincoln didnt win one electoral vote in theSouth yet still won the presidencySouth yet still won the presidency

South Carolina would secede in Dec. 1860South Carolina would secede in Dec. 1860

By Feb. 1861 (AL, GA, FL, TN, MS, LA, andBy Feb. 1861 (AL, GA, FL, TN, MS, LA, and

TX) would also secede meeting in MontgomeryTX) would also secede meeting in Montgomeryand becoming the Confederate States ofand becoming the Confederate States of

AmericaAmerica

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FORT SUMTERFORT SUMTER

Lincolns inaugural addressedLincolns inaugural addressedthe issue of South secedingthe issue of South secedingand ordered ALL forts to beand ordered ALL forts to beseizedseized

Ft. Pickens (Pensacola) & Ft.Ft. Pickens (Pensacola) & Ft.Sumter (Charleston)Sumter (Charleston)

South Carolina intended toSouth Carolina intended tokeep Sumter under theirkeep Sumter under theirdirection (Lincoln ordereddirection (Lincoln ordered75,000 troops)75,000 troops)

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NORTHERN ADVANTAGESNORTHERN ADVANTAGES

Overwhelming wealth (Able to finance war)Overwhelming wealth (Able to finance war)

Superior in technology and industrySuperior in technology and industry

North controlled US Navy and would use blockadesNorth controlled US Navy and would use blockades

3:1 advantage on manpower; 1/3 of souths population were3:1 advantage on manpower; 1/3 of souths population wereslavesslaves

Better railway systemBetter railway system

Lincolns political savvy and leadershipLincolns political savvy and leadership

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ADVANTAGES OF SOUTHADVANTAGES OF SOUTH

South was geographically large making it difficultSouth was geographically large making it difficult

to defeatto defeat

Home field advantage (Defensive warfareHome field advantage (Defensive warfare

dominated this era)dominated this era)

Southern generals had superior leadershipSouthern generals had superior leadership

Jefferson Davis had greater military experienceJefferson Davis had greater military experience

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MILITARY TACTICS OF WARMILITARY TACTICS OF WAR

Role of the RifleRole of the Rifle

Use of blockadesUse of blockades

Guerilla Tactics and AmbushesGuerilla Tactics and Ambushes

Trench warfareTrench warfare

Role of RailroadsRole of Railroads

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STALEMATE IN THEEASTSTALEMATE IN THEEAST

Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas)Battle of Bull Run (First Manassas)

Scotts Anaconda PlanScotts Anaconda Plan

Peninsula CampaignPeninsula Campaign

22ndnd Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas)Battle of Bull Run (Second Manassas)

Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg)Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg)

Battle of FredericksburgBattle of Fredericksburg

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WAR IN THEWESTWAR IN THEWEST

Battle at ShilohBattle at Shiloh

Battles for the Mississippi RiverBattles for the Mississippi River

Battle of the IroncladsBattle of the Ironclads

Role of the Freedmans BureauRole of the Freedmans Bureau

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TURNING POINTSTURNING POINTS

Battle at Gettysburg (1863)Battle at Gettysburg (1863)

Battle at Vicksburg (1863)Battle at Vicksburg (1863)

Role of Sherman in 1864Role of Sherman in 1864--18651865

Surrender @ AppamatoxSurrender @ Appamatox

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EMANCIPATIONEMANCIPATION

PROCLAMATIONPROCLAMATIONLincoln declared all slaves free inLincoln declared all slaves free in

rebellious territoriesrebellious territoriesJan. 1, 1863Jan. 1, 1863

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CONSCRIPTIONCONSCRIPTION

Northerners drafted (1863 and later) could hire aNortherners drafted (1863 and later) could hire a

substitute or pay $300 to avoid fighting in thesubstitute or pay $300 to avoid fighting in the

war; led to riots in NYCwar; led to riots in NYC

Conscription started in South (1862) and someConscription started in South (1862) and some

states had regulations that for every 20 slavesstates had regulations that for every 20 slaves

one white man could stay backone white man could stay back

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ECONOMICS DURING WARECONOMICS DURING WAR

High tariffs and an income taxHigh tariffs and an income tax

were implemented to pay for warwere implemented to pay for war

Paper money and inflation was notPaper money and inflation was not

a problem in North due toa problem in North due toconsumer confidenceconsumer confidence

Legal Tender Act issued $150Legal Tender Act issued $150million Greenbacks while themillion Greenbacks while the

National Bank Act allowed banksNational Bank Act allowed banksto issue notes in exchange forto issue notes in exchange for

buying war bondsbuying war bonds

South used both exciseSouth used both exciseand income taxes toand income taxes tofinance the warfinance the war

Inflation and scarcity ofInflation and scarcity ofgoods became a problemgoods became a problemas banks began to printas banks began to printmoney as Northernmoney as Northernblockades succeededblockades succeeded

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OTHER POLITICAL ISSUESOTHER POLITICAL ISSUES

Lincoln suspendedLincoln suspendedhabeoushabeous corpus incorpus inborder states and areasborder states and areas

of rebellionof rebellion

Supreme Court ruled inSupreme Court ruled inEx ParteEx ParteMaryland (1861)Maryland (1861)that Lincoln violatedthat Lincoln violatedexecutive powerexecutive power

Draft riots in New York andDraft riots in New York and

concerns over the longevityconcerns over the longevity

of the conflictof the conflict

Homestead Act issued 160Homestead Act issued 160

acres of land out westacres of land out west

Morrill Land Grant ActMorrill Land Grant Act--provided land /money forprovided land /money for

educational institutionseducational institutions

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ELECTION OF 1864ELECTION OF 1864

Democrats supported George McClellan whoDemocrats supported George McClellan who

was campaigning for an end to the war even if itwas campaigning for an end to the war even if it

meant for the nation to be dividedmeant for the nation to be divided

Lincoln campaigned to preserve the Union andLincoln campaigned to preserve the Union and

emancipate the slavesemancipate the slaves