Anika's Final Pilates Research Paper...5!! likelythatthesurferwillfall.Ofcou...

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1 Pilates for Surfers Anika Seible December 15, 2012 Oceanside, CA

Transcript of Anika's Final Pilates Research Paper...5!! likelythatthesurferwillfall.Ofcou...

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Pilates  for  Surfers    

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Anika  Seible  

December  15,  2012  

Oceanside,  CA  

 

 

 

 

 

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Abstract  

 

Growing  up  in  coastal  Southern  California,  surfing  has  been  and  will  remain  a  very  prevalent  

hobby  amongst  our  community.  This  sport  has  captured  the  passion  and  love  of  many,  despite  the  

possible  outcomes  or  accidents  that  can  result  from  surfing,  whether  it  be  the  calming  serenity  surfing  

can  offer  or  the  intense  adrenaline  rush  one  can  experience.  While  surfing  offers  many  positive  effects  

for  the  body,  it  can  also  potentially  result  in  a  wide  array  of  injuries  and  ailments.  Pilates  can  be  of  great  

benefit  to  surfers  in  many  different  ways  ranging  from  strengthening  core  muscles,  to  correcting  

imbalanced  alignment,  and  even  focusing  a  surfer’s  breathing  and  mental  state.  I  chose  to  use  myself  as  

the  case  study  for  this  subject.  After  years  of  surfing,  both  recreationally  and  competitively,  and  training  

my  body  to  accommodate  the  sport,  I  suffer  from  a  slight  case  of  Lumbar  Hyperlordosis.  This  may  be  a  

result  of  muscular  imbalances  due  to  the  position  that  is  held  most  often  in  surfing:  paddling.  Similarly  

correlating,  lower  back  pain  is  one  of  the  most  common  injuries  encountered  by  surfers.  

 

Anatomical  Description  

 

                                   

The  Lumbar  portion  of  the  spine  consists  of  the  five  vertebrae  in  the  third  major  region  of  a  

person’s  spine  and  connects  to  the  top  of  the  sacrum.  In  medical  terms,  the  Lumbar  vertebrae  are  most  

commonly  referred  to  as  “L1-­‐L5”.  The  Lumbar  portion  of  the  spine  is  where  the  spine  begins  to  curve  

inward  towards  the  abdomen.    ““Lumbar”  is  derived  from  the  Latin  word  “lumbus,”  meaning  lion,  and  

the  lumbar  spine  earns  its  name.  It  is  built  for  both  power  and  flexibility  (i.e.  lifting  and  bending).  The  

lumbar  spine  has  several  distinguishing  characteristics:”  (Davis)  The  Lumbar  region  of  the  spine  is  

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considered  to  be  part  of  the  Pelvic  Complex.  The  Pelvic  Complex  is  controlled  and  moved  by  the  

following  muscle  groups:  spinal  flexors,  spinal  extensors,  hip  flexors,  hip  adductors,  hip  external  

rotators,  spinal  lateral  flexors  and  rotators,  hip  extensors,  hip  abductors,  hip  internal  rotators,  and  the  

pelvic  floor.  (BASI,  8)    

The  Lumbar  portion  of  the  spine  can  be  protected  by  strengthening  the  “core”  muscles.  The  

“core”  is  comprised  of  the  following  muscle  groups:  the  multifidus,  the  abdominals,  and  the  pelvic  floor  

(BASI,  18).  Spinal  tension  can  be  lessened  by  proper  alignment  and  posture,  along  with  core  strength,  

because  the  intention  of  the  core  muscles  is  to  protect  the  spine  and  retain  vital  organs  inside  the  

human  body.  

When  the  pubic  symphisis  (PS)  and  the  two  anterior  superior  iliac  spine  (ASIS)  are  in  the  same  

horizontal  plane,  when  lying  either  prone  or  supine,  or  are  all  within  the  same  coronal  plane  when  erect,  

is  when  the  pelvis  is  considered  to  be  in  the  neutral  pelvic  position.  The  importance  of  exercising  in  the  

neutral  position  “encourages  balanced  muscular  development  of  the  pelvic  complex  and  correct  muscle  

recruitment.  Using  the  neutral  spine  position  teaches  efficient  posture  and  ideal  alignment,  particularly  

important  while  standing,  and  re-­‐enforces  functional  and  positive  movement  patterns.”  (BASI,  8)  

 

          Photo  Credit:  Roberts  

 

The  term  “core”  or  “core  strength”  is  heard  frequently  throughout  the  sport  of  surfing.  The  

“core”  is  comprised  of  the  following  muscle  groups:  the  multifidus,  the  abdominals,  and  the  pelvic  floor  

(BASI,  18).  According  to  Surfline.com,  “Until  the  surfer  becomes  stable  (stability  before  strength)  in  their  

core  and  posture,  they  will  possess  little  or  no  control  of  their  lower  back  health  –  ever.”  (Brown)  This  

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idea  directly  correlates  to  one  of  the  main  concepts  of  Pilates;  stabilization.  Without  stabilization,  

functionality  of  exercises  aimed  toward  strengthening  the  core  can  be  lost.    

 

How  BASI  Principles  Relate  to  Surfing  

 

Surfing  shares  many  similar  ideas  to  those  of  Pilates;  specifically  speaking,  many  of  the  ten  BASI  

principles.  The  ten  major  BASI  principles  consist  of:  awareness,  breath,  balance,  control,  concentration,  

center,  efficiency,  flow,  harmony,  and  precision.  Speaking  from  my  own  experiences,  I  have  applied  

every  single  one  of  these  principles  into  my  surfing.  While  all  of  the  ten  principles  can  be  applied,  a  few  

that  I  find  particularly  prominent    in  surfing  would  be  balance,  breathing,  and  flow.  

Balance  seems  to  be  one  of  the  most  synonymous  concepts  linked  to  surfing,  mostly  because  of  the  

sheer  difficulty  of  mastering  standing  on  a  small  and  unstable  surface  which  is  moving  while  you  are  

floating  across  a  body  of  water.  Good  balance  must  be  attained  by  surfers  in  order  to  maintain  an  erect  

position  on  a  surfboard  while  moving.    

In  Pilates,  breathing  is  huge  part  of  proper  practice.  Pilates  puts  emphasis  on  using  the  method  

of  “intercostal  breathing”  or  “lateral  breathing”.    A  large  purpose  behind  using  intercostal  breathing  

while  practicing  Pilates,  is  “is  to  facilitate  and  maintain  abdominal  contraction  while  performing  

exercises,  particularly  pertinent  during  inhalation.”  (BASI,  10)  By  allowing  the  abdominals  to  remain  

engaged  throughout  exercises,  the  integrity  of  the  exercise  is  heightened.  This  method  of  breathing  can  

be  extremely  beneficial  to  surfers  because  constantly  engaging  the  abdominals  will  play  a  huge  factor  in  

gaining  core  strength.    Breathing  remains  a  crucial  factor  to  any  sport,  but  surfing  especially  because  

being  held  under  water  is  an  inevitable  part  of  the  sport.  Professional  surfer  Benji  Weatherley  explains  

that  “breathing  is  the  most  important  part  of  surfing  because  it  is  what’s  going  to  keep  you  alive.  As  a  

surfer  you  need  to  know  when  to  take  your  breath,  and  even  more  importantly  when  to  release  it.  

Nobody  expects  to  be  held  under  the  water  for  a  minute  or  two  at  a  time,  but  it  happens.  A  Lot.  A  few  of  

my  best  friends  have  died  while  surfing,  and  each  friend  died  drowning.”    

Flow  plays  a  huge  role  in  surfing,  because,  if  thought  of  in  applicable  terms,  nothing  flows  better  

than  water.  Pilates  incorporates  flow  into  the  concept  in  multiple  ways.  A  constructed  workout  should  

have  a  nice  flow  from  one  exercise  to  another,  as  well  as  flow  should  be  present  in  the  movement  itself.  

Many  spinal  articulation  exercises,  when  done  correctly,  should  demonstrate  a  rather  aesthetically  

pleasant  flow.  While  surfing,  the  surfer  must  surrender  to  the  ocean  and  be  willing  to  move  with  the  

waves;  thus,  the  surfer  must  adapt  to  the  flow  of  the  waves.  If  the  ocean’s  flow  is  resisted,  it  is  more  

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likely  that  the  surfer  will  fall.  Of  course  in  the  contemporary  world  of  surfing,  we  see  professional  surfers  

launching  themselves  six  feet  above  the  wave  before  landing  back  on  the  wave  and  continuing  to  ride  it.  

The  flow  must  be  resisted  in  order  to  accomplish  something  so  extreme,  but  in  order  to  get  there,  the  

surfer  needs  to  use  the  wave’s  flow  to  get  enough  momentum  to  launch  them  self,  but  also  must  re-­‐

discover  that  flow  when  they  land  in  order  to  continue  riding  with  the  wave.    

 

Benefits  of  Pilates  for  Surfers  

 

Pilates  can  play  a  huge  role  in  correcting  some  of  the  structural  issues  that  result  from  surfing.  

One  of  the  most  common  injuries  amongst  surfers,  is  Lumbar  spine  pain.  “Low  back  injuries  affect,  and  

will  at  some  time  debilitate,  over  80%  of  the  adult  population  in  the  industrialized  world.  What's  up  with  

that?  We're  SO  fit  as  surfers  -­‐-­‐  or  so  it  might  seem...”  (Brown)  Lumbar  spine  pain  can  range  drastically  

from  person  to  person  that  suffers  from  it  in  as  far  as  how  intense  it  is.  Most  cases  of  back  injuries  are  

caused  by  muscular  imbalances  and  movement  imbalances.  Luckily,  if  worked  on  correctly,  muscle  

imbalances  can  be  retrained  over  the  course  of  time  with  dedication  and  the  right  approach.  While  

correct  exercise  and  an  appropriate  Pilates  routine  will  not  “cure”  lower  back  pain,  it  can  certainly  help  

to  control  it.  (Brown)  According  to  Dr.  Tim  Brown,  it  is  important  to  condition  your  body  in  the  neutral  

pelvic  position  because  it  “will  put  the  least  amount  of  stress  on  your  spine  and  protect  your  back.”    

Stability  is  a  huge  benefit  to  preventing  lower  back  pain  and  to  strengthening  the  core  muscles.  

The  main  goal  of  working  to  stabilize  your  core  and  posture  is  “to  correct  a  static  imbalance  (postural  

alignment)  or  dynamic  dysfunction  that  can  lead  to  or  increase  the  risk  of  injury.”  (Brown)  

Another  main  factor  in  how  surfers  create  muscular  imbalances  in  their  bodies,  aside  from  paddling,  is  

the  actual  standing  and  riding  of  the  wave.  Surfers  are  either  “regular-­‐footed”  or  “goofy-­‐footed”  

meaning  that  they  either  stand  with  their  left  foot  in  front  of  the  right  (regular-­‐footed)  or  they  stand  

with  their  right  foot  in  front  of  the  left  (goofy  footed).  The  foot  that  is  placed  in  front,  typically  does  

most  of  the  leading  and  steering.  According  to  Tim  Brown  D.C.,  “Surfing  causes  tight  hip  flexors.  The  

front  foot  hip  rotates  forward  pulling  the  spine,  hips,  knees,  and  ankles  out  of  alignment.”  

Along  with  stability,  muscular  endurance  is  extremely  important  surfing  due  to  certain  positions  

that  must  be  held  for  extended  periods  of  time,  such  as  paddling.  As  a  result  of  surfing  almost  my  entire  

life,  my  back  extensor  muscles  are  extremely  tight.  Resulting  from  training  my  body  to  hold  the  paddling  

position  for  a  couple  of  hours  every  day,  oppositely  of  my  tight  back  extensors,  I  also  have  very  tight  hip  

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flexors  and  fairly  weak  abdominals.  Because  of  this,  I  would  structure  my  Pilates  workouts  to  work  off  of  

these  strengths  and  weaknesses  and  try  to  balance  this  functional  posture  deviation  out.    

 

Case  Study  

 

I  chose  to  use  myself  for  my  case  study.  My  name  is  Anika  Seible,  and  I  am  a  23  year  old  

bartender  who  grew  up  with  a  passion  for  surfing.  After  surfing  for  the  past  fifteen  years,  and  competing  

in  surfing  for  over  six  years,  my  body  has  adapted  to  my  sport  in  many  different  ways,  one  of  which  

being  that  I  now  have  a  functional  posture  deviation  of  a  slight  case  of  Lumbar  Hyperlordosis,  along  with  

rotated  hips,  and  an  extremely  tight  back.  For  training  my  body  to  stay  in  a  good  paddling  posture,  I  now  

have  an  increased  curve  in  my  lumbar  spine,  which  is  accompanied  by  slight  anterior  tilt  of  my  pelvis.  

Because  of  these  deviations,  the  conditioning  program  for  myself  is  one  that  focuses  on  strengthening  

the  abdominals,  but  also  stretching  my  low  back  extensors  and  my  hip  flexors.  I  also  want  to  focus  on  

stabilizing  the  core  along  with  achieving  a  proper  neutral  pelvis  in  order  to  strengthen  all  of  these  areas  

ideally.  I  also  think  it  to  be  a  good  idea  to  by,  using  assists  in  some  cases,  really  try  to  focus  on  the  

evening  out  my  alignment  while  training  through  these  Pilates  workouts  in  order  to  obtain  the  most  

ideal  results.  If  the  exercises  are  practiced  in  ideal  alignment,  eventually  the  muscles  in  the  body  will  

even  out  in  order  to  maintain  this  ideal  alignment  while  working  out  or  during  any  other  functional  

activity.  

 

Workout  

 

• Roll  Down  

o The  Roll  Down  is  used  as  an  assessment  of  muscular  imbalances,  muscular  

developments,  or  different  compensations  that  my  body  has  triggered.  My  roll  down  is  

getting  a  bit  more  balanced,  whereas  in  the  beginning  of  my  Pilates  training  it  was  much  

more  noticeably  off  balance.  One  side  of  my  back  was  typically  higher  than  the  other,  

and  my  hips  were  almost  always  swiveled.  

 

• Warm  Up  -­‐  Mat  Work  on  Cadillac  

o Pelvic  

o Spine  Twist  Supine  

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o Double  Leg  Stretch  

o Single  Leg  Stretch    

o Criss  Cross  

 

Notes  &  Reasoning:  

At  this  point  in  my  training,  I  feel  equipped  to  follow  an  intermediate  warm  up  format.  I  replaced  the  roll  

up  in  the  intermediate  warm  up  with  the  pelvic  curl  ,  because  the  pelvic  curl    really  helps  to  focus  on  

lengthening  the  hip  extensors  and  working  the  abdominals.  The  rest  of  the  warm  up  also  challenges  my  

abdominals  and  has  more  hip  extension  than  the  standard  fundamental  warm  up  would  have.  

 

• Foot  Work  -­‐  Wunda  Chair  

o Parallel  Heels  

o Parallel  Toes  

o V-­‐Position  Toes  

o Open  V  Heels  

o Open  V  Toes  

o Calf  Raises  

o Single  Leg  Heel  

o Single  Leg  Toe  

 

Notes  &  Reasoning:  

All  foot  work  is  extremely  important  for  hip  extension.  I  chose  to  do  the  foot  work  on  the  Wunda  Chair  

because  sitting  upright  and  maintaining  the  correct  form  throughout  the  series  promotes  excellent  

strengthening  of  the  abdominals,  multifidus,  and  pelvic  floor  (the  core).  I  may  challenge  myself  by  

raising  my  arms  over  my  head  for  part  of  the  series  as  well.  

 

• Abdominals-­‐  Wunda  Chair  

o Full  Pike  

o Torso  Prep  Sit  

 

Notes  &  Reasoning:  

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The  full  pike  on  the  Wunda  Chair  requires  maintaining  flexion  in  the  lumbar  spine  throughout  the  entire  

exercise.  This  would  be  particularly  good  for  somebody  with  a  really  tight  lumbar  region  to  counteract  

the  habitual  movement  pattern  that  has  been  created  from  the  constant  paddling  position.    

 

• Hip  Work-­‐  Cadillac  

o Frog  

o Down  Circles  

o Up  Circles  

o Walking  

o Bicycle  

o Bicycle  Reverse  

 

Notes  &  Reasoning:  

Hip  work  in  general,  typically,  typically  promotes  good  hip  extension,  so  hip  work  is  extremely  

important.  All  hip  work  requires  correct  abdominal  engagement  as  well  in  order  to  maintain  a  neutral  

pelvis  throughout.  

 

• Spinal  Articulation-­‐  Reformer  

o Bottom  Lift  with  Extensions  

 

Notes  &  Reasoning:  

The  spinal  articulation  will  help  to  alleviate  some  of  the  tension  in  the  lumbar  spine.  The  bottom  lift  with  

extension  will  help  to  strive  towards  good  hip  extensor  control  is  a  great  exercise  for  abdominal  focus  as  

well  as  hip  extension.  

 

• Stretches-­‐  Reformer  

o Kneeling  Lunge  

 

Notes  &  Reasoning:  

Because  of  the  hyperlordosis  in  my  back,  the  kneeling  lunge  is  an  excellent  choice  because  it  focuses  on  

stretching  both  the  hip  flexors  and  the  hamstrings.  Stretching  the  hip  flexors  while  in  a  slight  posterior  

tilt  is  extremely  important  in  realigning  the  hyperlordorsis  in  my  posture.  

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• Full  Body  Integration  1-­‐  Reformer  

o Stomach  Massage  

 

Notes  &  Reasoning:  

By  maintaining  lumbar  flexion  throughout  this  exercise,  it  is  a  good  way  of  stretching  out  that  region  and  

counteracting  the  habitual  movement  pattern  that  I  have  formed.  This  exercise  also  focuses  on  a  lot  of  

abdominal  work  and  knee  extensor  strength,  which  would  also  be  beneficial  considering  the  bent-­‐knee  

stance  that  is  typically  assumed  while  riding  a  wave.  

 

• Arms-­‐  Reformer  

o Rowing  Back  1  

o Rowing  Back  2  

 

Notes  &  Reasoning:  

Rowing  Back  1  and  2  from  the  rowing  series  are  good  for  me  because  of  how  much  lumbar  flexion  is  

involved.  My  arms  are  already  rather  strong  from  paddling  all  of  the  time,  so  focusing  more  on  lumbar  

flexion  is  great  because  it  rarely  occurs  in  the  sport  of  surfing.  The  rowing  series  also  promotes  

abdominal  strength  and  shoulder  mobility.  

 

• Full  Body  Integration  2-­‐  Reformer  

o Balance  Control  Front  

 

Notes  &  Reasoning:  

Balance  control  front  requires  trunk  stabilization,  scapular  stabilization,  and  shoulder  flexor  strength,  

while  working  the  abdominals  and  the  deltoids.  The  plank  position  is  not  one  that  is  often  held  in  

surfing,  so  in  order  to  maintain  the  plank  position  while  achieving  trunk  stability  is  a  good  focus  for  a  

surfer    in  order  to  cross  train  my  muscles.  The  front  support  position  also  requires  that  I  do  not  have  an  

anterior  tilt  in  my  pelvis  in  order  to  execute  the  exercise  properly.  

 

• Additional  Leg  Work-­‐  Reformer  

o Parallel  Position-­‐  Jumping  Series  

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o V-­‐Position-­‐  Jumping  Series  

o Single  Leg  Parallel-­‐  Jumping  Series  

o Leg  Changes-­‐  Jumping  Series  

 

Notes  &  Reasoning:  

The  jumping  series  is  a  good  way  to  focus  on  maintaining  pelvic  lumbar  stabilization  throughout  the  

entire  series.  Another  benefit  of  the  jumping  series  is  the  required  hip  extensor  control.  This  series  is  

also  a  nice  way  to  incorporate  a  small  bit  of  cardiovascular  work  into  the  workout.  

 

• Lateral  Flexion/  Rotation-­‐  Reformer  

o Mermaid  

 

Notes  &  Reasoning:  

Surfing  is  a  sport  that  doesn’t  involve  a  huge  amount  of  spinal  rotation,  so  this  is  a  great  exercise  not  

only  to  cross  train  for  that,  but  also  focus  on  strengthening  and  stretching  the  obliques.  

 

• Back  Extension-­‐Wunda  Chair  

o Back  Extension  Single  Arm  

 

Notes  &  Reasoning:  

Back  extension  is  focused  on  back  extensor  strength.  While  my  back  extensors  are  typically  very  tight,  

the  benefit  of  the  single  arm  back  extension  is  that  I  can  strive  toward  symmetry  and  evening  out  both  

sides  of  my  body.  

 

• Roll  Down  

 

Notes  &  Reasoning:  

The  final  roll  down  is  a  way  to  recenter  my  focus,  concentration,  and  breathing.  It  is  also  an  optimal  time  

to  see  how  ailments  or  small  alignment  issues  may  have  even  balanced  out  a  bit  throughout  the  session.  

 

Conclusion  

 

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Despite  the  possibilities  of  harmful  outcomes  on  my  body,  surfing  has  been  and  will  forever  

remain  a  huge  part  of  my  life.  Discovering  the  ways  in  which  Pilates  can  help  to  correct  and  prevent  

certain  imbalances  in  my  body,  has  been  an  incredible  experience.  A  sport  like  surfing  has  so  many  

habitual  movement  patterns  that  typically  result,  so  the    concept  of  cross  training  through  Pilates  is  

irreplaceable.  The  Lumbar  spine  tension  and  displacement  due  to  the  anterior  tilt  of  my  pelvis  and  

weakened  abdominals,  can  eventually  be  balanced  and  brought  even  closer  to  ideal  alignment  by  

creating  symmetry  and  harmony  in  my  body.  The  more  harmonious  the  body  is  working,  the  less  likely  it  

is  to  encounter  functional  injuries  in  everyday  activities,  and  in  my  case,  surfing.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Bibliography  

 

 

BASI,  Study  Guide  Comprehensive  Course,  BASI  2000-­‐2008  

 

Brown,  Tim  DC,  Surfer  Magazine  

 

Brown,  Tim  DC,              http://www.surfline.com/surf-­‐news/tim-­‐brown-­‐-­‐team-­‐offer-­‐advice-­‐on-­‐back-­‐injuries-­‐

in-­‐surfing_38952/  

 

Davis,  Eben  DC,  http://www.spine-­‐health.com/conditions/spine-­‐anatomy/lumbar-­‐spine-­‐anatomy-­‐and-­‐

pain    

 

Weatherley,  Benji  Jordan,  Professional  Surfer,  Interview  November  28,  2012  

 

Image  Credit  

 

Roberts,  Phil,  Surfer  Magazine  

http://davidlasnier.com/2010/the-­‐inner-­‐core-­‐the-­‐forgotten-­‐part-­‐of-­‐core-­‐training    

 

http://orthoinfo.aaos.org/topic.cfm?topic=a00329  

 

http://atlantaspineinstitute.com/lumbar-­‐spine-­‐anatomy.php