Andrews 5th period

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The Revolutionary War

The Battle of Bunker Hill

Where: Bunker and Breed’s Hill on the Charlestown Peninsula, on the north side of Boston Harbor

Who: British vs. the US Continental ArmyWhen: June of 1775Militia People seized Bunker and Breed’s hill, which worried

the BritishBritish General William Howe crossed the bay with 2,200

soldiersThey marched up Breed’s Hill where the militia were waitingAccording to legend Colonel William Prescott called out,

“Don’t fire until you see the whites of their eyes!”Once the British got close the militia fired at themThe British won the battle over the hill, but they had 1,000

casualties compared to the 400 US deathsBritish General Gage wrote that “The Loss we sustained is

greater than we can bear.”

Government Before the Battles Began

North Carolina was trying to separate from British rule.

In the 1760’s and 1770’s, the British were taxing the 13 colonies more

Colonists started to get angry when the British would pass laws without the colonist representatives

The slogan for the boycott was called: “No taxation without representation!”

George King III issued the Proclamation of 1763, this forbade settlement anywhere west of the Appalachains

This rule was to try to stop fighting between the Indians and the settlers

Robert Henry, a 15 year old student, cheered the sign of Mechlanburg Resolves, which helped lead NC to independence.

Battle of Yorktown

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Date: 28th September to 19th October 1781

Place: Virginia Combatants: America & French Vs.

British Uniforms, Arms, & eqipment: The

British wore red coats and bear skin headgear, leather caps of tricorn caps depending on whether the troops were gredadiers, light infantry, or battalion company men. The German Infantry wore blue coats & retained the prussian style grendadier mitre with brass front plate. The Americans dressed as best they could.

Winner: Americans

The Battles of Lexington and Concord

Colonial spies heard of this plan and sent Paul Revere riding through Concord warning of the attack.

April 18th, 1775 – British troops march to Concord to capture John Hancock and Samuel Adams.

Minutemen were waiting in Lexington to attack British troops before they could reach Concord.

Lexington

The first shot of this first battle is referred to the “shot heard ‘round the world” because it began the Revolutionary War and marked the beginning of America’s history as a sovereign nation.

April 19th – The first shot of the battle was fired.

British and American Troop Movements

Concord

Enraged that Hancock and Adams escaped during the Battle of Lexington, British troops continued their march to Concord to steal American ammunition and guns.

Again, American Minutemen came to the rescue, ambushing the British in their search for American arms.

The Americans won the battles, forcing the British to retreat to Boston.

Fast Facts

British Casualties: 273

American Casualties: 94

First battle of the Revolutionary War

There were approximately 1,800 British soldiers involved in the battles, while the number of American soldiers is unknown.

The American’s success was due mainly to their use of guerrilla warfare, rather than the traditional continental warfare implemented by the British.

After the death of John Harvey in 1775, the Provincial Congress setup defense measures, created a loyalty oath for everyone to take, authorized

the enlistment of soldiers to fight in war, and issued paper money to pay for everything. The province raised two

regiments for George Washington. James Moore and Robert Howe led these

regiments. North Carolina militiamen were sent to fight Tories in Virginia and

South Carolina.

In 1776 the North Carolinians were fighting amongst themselves about the war against the British. Governor Martin had encouraged Highland Scots to march to Wilmington to join a British invasion of the two Carolina colonies. Governor James Moore had ordered several groups of militia to cut them off.

The Whig forces blocked the Tories at Moore's Creek Bridge about 20 miles north of Wilmington. The Whigs removed the planks from the bridge and greased the support beams. For 15 minutes, the Highland Scots tried to slip and slide across the bridge. More than 50 of there people were shot, so they retreated. Colonel Moore chased them, seizing their weapons and money. The Battle of Moore's Creek was celebrated as an American victory in the southern colonies.