FBD0014 BASIC ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGYCFS MSU AISHAH RASHIDI

STUDY QUESTIONSIntegumentary System

1)Keratinocytes are the predominant cells in the:a)epidermisb)papillary region of the dermisc)reticular region of the dermisd)subcutaneous layere)All of the above are correct2)Nourishment to cells in the epidermis is provided by:a)blood vessels running through the stratum basaleb)keratinocytes c)blood vessels in the dermal papillae d)bacteria that live in sebaceous glandse)Both A and C are correct3)Absorption of damaging light rays is the primary function of: a)keratinb)sebumc)cerumend)melanin e)Keratohyalin 4)The layer of the skin from which new epidermal cells are derived is the a)Stratum corneumb)Stratum basalec)Stratum lucidumd)Dermise)Reticular layer 5) The function of keratin is to:a)make bone hardb)make skin tough and waterproofc)protect skin from ultraviolet lightd)provided added pigment to the skin of Asian racese)provide nourishment to the epidermal cells6) The reproducing cells of the epidermis are found in thea)Stratum basaleb)Stratum spinosumc)Stratum lucidumd)Stratum corneume)All of these layers contains reproducing cells 7)The stratum basale contains: a)stem cells of keratinocytesb)many blood vessels c)eccrine sweat glandsd)hair folliclese)Both A and B are correct8)Which of the following is most superficial? a)stratum basale b)papillary region of the dermis c)hypodermis d)stratum granulosum e)stratum corneum 9)The epidermis is made up of:a)dense irregular connective tissueb)stratified squamous epithelium c)areolar connective tissued)smooth musclee)All of the above are correct10) "Goosebumps" occur due to:a)overstimulation of secretion from sudoriferous glandsb)overstimulation of secretion from sebaceous glandsc)separation of the epidermis from the dermisd)vasodilation of blood vessels in the skine)the action of arrector pili muscles as they raise hairs to an upright position11) The outermost layer of the epidermis is the:a) Stratum lucidumb) Reticular layerc) Stratum corneumd) Superficial fasciae) stratum basale 12) Sweat is produced by:a) keratinocytes.b) melanocytes.c) ceruminous glands.d) sudoriferous glands.e) sebaceous glands. 13) Which of the following is present in thick skin but not in thin skin?a) stratum germinativumb) stratum lucidumc) stratum corneumd) stratum granulosume) dermal papillae 14) The function of melanin is toa) make skin tough and waterproofb) Connect the epidermis to the dermisc) Provide flexibility to skind) Provide nutrients to dying epidermal cellse) Protect skin from ultraviolet light 15) Hair and nails are modifications of thea) Melanocytesb) Hypodermisc) Sudoriferous glandsd) Epidermise) Dermis 16) The stratum corneum is:a) the innermost layer of the epidermis.b) highly vascular.c) made up of dead cells.d) seen only in the palms and soles.e) the layer in which keratin begins to form. 17) Melanocytesa) are spidery-shaped cells in contact with cells in the stratum basaleb) Forms structures called melanosomesc) Produces a substance incorporated by other cellsd) All answers are correct 18) Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the epidermis?a) It is keratinized.b) Blood vessels travel from the dermis to the outer layers through special channels.c) All of the cells in the epidermis reproduce rapidly.d) It is made mostly of areolar connective tissue. e) Both A and C are correct. 19) The "ABCD" signs are used to assess:a) the seriousness of decubitus ulcers.b) whether sufficient oxygen is being transported by blood.c) the percentage of surface area lost to a burn. d) a person's total risk of developing skin cancer.e) a skin lesion suspected of being a malignant melanoma. 20) The average length of time for a cell to be produced by the stratum basale, rise to the surface, become keratinized, and slough off is about how long?a) 24minus48 hours b) two weeks c) one month d) one year e) Once cells are keratinized, they never slough off. 21) A skin condition in which abnormal keratin is produced and keratinocytes are shed prematurely is: a) psoriasis. b) malignant melanoma. c) albinism. d) alopecia. e) impetigo. 22) Corpuscles of touch (Meissner's corpuscles) are located in the: a) stratum basale.b) stratum corneum.c) apocrine sweat glands. d) dermal papillae. e) hair follicles. 23) Just beneath the stratum basale of the epidermis is the: a) stratum corneum of the epidermis. b) hypodermis. c) reticular layer of the dermis. d) papillary regions of the dermis.e) skeletal muscle. 24) Nutrients reach the surface of the skin (epidermis) through the process of:a) Absorbing material applied to the surface layer of the skinb) Utilizing the products of merocrine glands to nourish the epidermisc) The outer layer of the skin does not require nutrients because the external layer of cells is not living.d) Diffusing through the tissue fluid from blood vessels in the dermis. 25) The papillary region of the dermis consists mostly of: a) areolar connective tissue. b) adipose tissue. c) smooth muscle. d) stratified squamous epithelium. e) dense irregular connective tissue. 26) The reticular layer of the dermis consists mostly of: a) areolar connective tissue. b) adipose tissue. c) smooth muscle. d) Stratified squamous epithelium. e) dense irregular connective tissue. 27) Striae are: a) free nerve endings sensing touch. b) the epidermal ridges that form fingerprints. c) stretch marks resulting from tears in the dermis. d) intermediate filaments connecting desmosomes. e) areas of fat storage. 28) Fat storage is an important function of the: a) epidermis. b) papillary region of the dermis. c) reticular region of the dermis. d) subcutaneous layer. e) All of the above except the epidermis. 29) Tyrosinase is required for the production of: a) keratin. b) melanin. c) cerumen. d) sebum. e) apocrine sweat. 30) Synthesis of vitamin D begins with the activation of a precursor molecule in the skin by: a) melanin. b) keratin. c) sebum. d) UV light. e) temperatures above 60degreeF in the external environment. 31) Enzymatic activity within melanosomes is increased by:a) apoptosis of epidermal cells. b) environmental temperatures above normal body temperature.c) increased activity of sweat glands. d) tension on desmosomes. e) exposure to UV light. 32) Albinism results from: a) liver disease.b) low oxygen levels in the blood. c) lack of the enzyme tyrosinase d) too little exposure to sunlight. e) viral infection. 33) The epidermis consists of five layers of cells, each layer with a distinct role to play in the health, well-being and functioning of the skin. Which of the following layers is responsible for cell division and replacement?a) Stratum corneumb) Stratum granulosumc) Stratum germinativumd) Stratum lucidum 34) Which of the following statements best describes what fingernails actually are?a) A modification of the epidermis.b) Are identical to hair but contain ten times as much keratinc) Are extensions of the carpal bonesd) Have nothing to do with skin. 35) Cyanosis is indicative of: a) lack of tyrosinase. b) liver disease. c) inflammation. d) insufficient oxygen in blood. e) patchy loss of melanocytes. 36) The blood vessels nourishing a hair follicle are located in the: a) arrector pili. b) cortex of the hair. c) cuticle of the hair.d) matrix cells. e) papilla of the hair. 37) Production of new hairs is the responsibility of the: a) arrector pili. b) cortex of the hair. c) cuticle of the hair. d) matrix cells. e) papilla of the hair. 38) Sebaceous glands usually secrete their products into the: a) blood. b) necks of hair follicles. c) peaks of epidermal ridges.d) melanosomes. e) external auditory canal. 39) Fats, cholesterol, and pheromones are important components of:a) keratin.b) melanin. c) sebum. d) eccrine sweat e) hair and nails. 40) Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?a) Absorptionb) Protectionc) Sensationd) Maintains homeostasis 41) Place the following into the order they would be severed by a knife during surgery1) Stratum lucidum2)Stratum corneum3)Stratus basale4)Stratum granulosum5)Dermis 42) Vitamin D production by the skin depends ona) Exposure to ultraviolet radiationb) The presence of thyroid hormonesc) The presence of keratind) A normal body temperaturee) All answers are correct. 43) ALLof the following events occur during deep wound healing EXCEPT :a) vasodilation of blood vessels. b) suspension of the rules of contact inhibition. c) formation of a blood clot. d) synthesis of scar tissue by fibroblasts. e) increased permeability of blood vessels. 44) Which of the following layers of epidermis is in a constant state of mitosis?a) Stratum basaleb) Stratum spinosumc) Stratum lucidumd) stratum granulosume) Both stratum basale and stratum spinosum 45) The process of fibrosis results in: a) some form of skin cancer. b) scar formation. c) excessive production of skin pigment. d) excessive production of hair and nails. e) premature wrinkling of skin. 46) Blisters form in seconddegree burns because: a) the epidermis and dermis separate, and tissue fluid accumulates between the layers. b) the dermal papillae extend through the damaged epidermis, and are exposed to the external environment. c) damaged nerve endings swell.d) accumulated tissue fluid is necessary for scar formation.e) the cells of the stratum basale are reproducing at such a rapid rate. 47) The most common forms of skin cancer are all caused, at least in part, by:a) chronic dryness of skin. b) oversecretion by sudoriferous glands.c) chronic exposure to sunlight. d) overproduction of keratin. e) chronically reduced blood flow in the dermis.

48) Sudoriferous glands are categorized as two distinct types. Which of the following are the two types:a) Eccrine and apocrine.b) Eccrine and sebaceousc) Apocrine and sebaceousd) Mammillary and ceruminouse) Holocrine and mammillary 49) Differences in skin color among human races is due primarily to the: a) total number of melanocytes. b) total number of keratinocytes. c) amount of melanin produced by melanocytes. d) amount of keratin produced by keratinocytes.e) amount of iron in hemoglobin molecules. 50) During deep wound healing, mesenchyme cells that migrate to the site of injury during the inflammatory phase will develop into: a) keratinocytes.b) melanocytes. c) fibroblasts. d) phagocytes. e) collagen fibers. COMPLETION71) The red/brown/black pigment in skin that absorbs UV light is _____.72) Individuals who do not get enough exposure to sunlight or who do not consume enough fortified milk may develop a deficiency of vitamin_____73) The pinkish red color of the skin of white people is due to the pigment _____ in red blood cells. 74) The outermost layer of a hair is called the _____.75) Contraction of smooth muscle called _____ pulls a hair shaft perpendicular to the skin surface. 76) The more common type of sweat gland is the _____ gland.77) The single layer of continually reproducing cells in the epidermis is called the _____.78) The most superficial layer of cells in the epidermis is called the _____. 79) The protein in the outer layer of the epidermis that provides protection against mechanical injury and bacterial invasion is _____. 80) The main function of eccrine gland sweat is to _____. 81) The layer of the epidermis seen in thick skin that is NOT seen in thin skin is the _____. 82) The most common skin cancers are the _____.83) The branch of medicine that specializes in diagnosing and treating skin disorders is _____. 84) A yellowed appearance of skin and the whites of the eyes due to buildup of bilirubin resulting from liver disease is called _____.85) Redness of the skin due to increased blood flow is known as _____. 86) The most common of the cell types in the epidermis is the _____.87) Cells that arise from the red bone marrow and migrate to the epidermis where they participate in immune responses are the _____. 88) Cells in the epidermis that function in the sensation of touch are the _____.89) The stem cells of the epidermis are located in the stratum _____. 90) Keratohyalin is a protein distinctive of the stratum _____.91) A lipidrich, waterrepellent secretion is produced by structures known as _____ within the keratinocytes of the stratum granulosum. 92) The characteristic of epidermal cells that causes them to stop migrating during wound healing once they are touching other epidermal cells on all sides is called _____.93) The process of scar tissue formation is called _____.94) When body temperature begins to fall, to prevent further heat loss blood vessels in the skin will _____. 95) In the negative feedback loop in which the integumentary system helps regulate body temperature, the effectors are the _____ and the _____. 96) List and briefly discuss the functions of skin. 97) Describe the structural characteristics of the epidermis that relate to its protection 100)Compare and contrast the locations and structure of thin and thick skin. 101. Which of the following is NOT a component of the epidermis of thin skin? a. Melanosomes b. Keratinized cells c. Capillaries d. Keratin e. All of the above

Top of FormBottom of Form102. Keratohyalin granules are most apparent in which of the following layers of the epidermis? a. Stratum basale b. Stratum spinosum c. Stratum granulosum d. Stratum lucidum e. Stratum corneum

Top of FormBottom of Form103. Mitotic activity in the epidermis can be observed in which of the following? a. Stratum basale only b. Stratum spinosum only c. Stratum basale and stratum spinosum d. Stratum spinosum and stratum granulosum e. Stratum basale and stratum granulosum

Top of FormBottom of Form104. Which of the following cells has been implicated in playing a role in immunological reactions in the skin? a. Melanocyte b. Capillary epithelial cell c. Langerhans cell d. Hair follicle cell e. Arrector pili smooth muscle cell

Top of FormBottom of Form105. Which of the following best describes sebaceous glands? a. Apocrine b. Holocrine c. Merocrine d. Endocrine

Top of FormBottom of Form106. The basic tissue types found in the skin include: a. Muscle b. Nerve c. Connective d. Epithelium e. All of the above

Top of FormBottom of Form107. The structure that contracts to cause "goose bumps" in the skin, is the:A. dermal papillaB. arrector pili C. sebaceous gland D. hair follicle E. eccrine gland