Anatomy & Physiology of Liver by Anjali

8/12/2019 Anatomy & Physiology of Liver by Anjali

1/14


2/14


3/14

Anatomy of Liver

It has five surfaces: Anterior / Posterior /Superior / Inferior and Right

It is divided into right and left lobe by

falciform ligament anteriorly andsuperiorly, by the fissure of

ligamentum teres inferiorly and by

the fissure for ligamentum venosum

posterioly.

Right lobe is much larger than the

left lobe and forms five sixth of the

liver , and also presents the caudate

and quadrate lobe.


4/14

Organs associated with Liver

Superiorly and Anteriorly Diaphragm and anterior

abdominal wall

Inferiorly --- Stomach, bile ducts, duodenum, hepatic

flexure of the colon, right Kidney and adrenal gland

Posteriorly Oesophagus, inferior vena cava, aorta, gall

bladder, vertebral column and diaphragm

Laterally Lower ribs and diaphragm


5/14

Structure of the Liver

The liver is enclosed in a thin inelastic capsule and

incompletely covered by a layer of peritoneum.

Lobes of Liver: The liver has four lobes the two are large

right lobe, and the smaller wedge shaped left lobe, the

other two the caudate and quadrate lobes, are areas on the

posterior surface


6/14


7/14

Structure of the Liver


8/14

Blood Supply

80% of blood supply is

derived from portal vein.

20% is derived from hepatic

artery. Before entering the liver both

hepatic artery and portal vein

divide into right and left

branches.

Within the liver they redivide

into segmental vessels,

which further divide to form

interlobular vessels which

run in portal canals.


9/14

Lymphatic Drainage

Superficial lymphatics terminate in: Caval /

Hepatic / Paracardial and Coeliac lymph node.

Deep lymphatics terminate in: Supra

diaphragmatic and Hepatic lymph node.

Nerve supplyNerve supply

Liver receives its nerve supply from hepaticplexus which contains both sympathetic and

parasympathetic or vagal plexus.


10/14

Microscopic structure of Liver

The lobes of the liver are made up of tiny functional units

called lobules, which are just visible to the naked eye.

Liver lobules are hexagonal in outline and are formed by

cubicle shaped cells, the hepatocytes, arranged in pairs of

columns radiating from a central vein.

Between two pairs of columns of cells are sinusoids (blood

vessels with incomplete walls) containing a mixture of blood

from the tiny branches of portal vein and hepatic artery.


11/14


Amongst the cells lining the sinusoids are hepatic

microphages (Kupffer cells) whose function is to ingest

and destroy worn out blood cells and any foreign particlespresent in the blood flowing through the liver.

Bile canaliculirun between the columns of liver cells. This

means that each column of hepatocytes has blood

sinusoids on one side and a bile canaliculus on the other.

The canaliculi join up to form larger bile canals until

eventually they form the right and left hepatic ducts,

which drain bile from the liver.


12/14



13/14

Liver Physiology

Liver performs many different functions which can be

summarized as:

a) Carbohydrate metabolismb) Lipid metabolism

c) Protein metabolism

d) Processing of drugs and hormones

e) Excretion of bilirubin

f) Synthesis of bile saltsg) Storage

h) Phagocytosis

i) Activation of vitamin D


14/14

Anatomy & Physiology of Liver by Anjali

Documents

Transcript of Anatomy & Physiology of Liver by Anjali