Ana Maria Fernandez Maldonado Challenge the future Delft University of Technology.
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Transcript of Ana Maria Fernandez Maldonado Challenge the future Delft University of Technology.
Incremental housing in Peru.What happened with the barriadas?
Ana Maria Fernandez Maldonado
Challenge the future
DelftUniversity ofTechnology
Challenge the future
DelftUniversity ofTechnology
Introduction
The Peruvian housing context
The reinvention of housing policies
Subsidized social housing
What happened with the Peruvian barriadas?
Barriadas 1960
(Caminos & Turner, 1969)
Relative construction costs
(Source: Mangin and Turner, 1968).
Challenge the future
DelftUniversity ofTechnology
Barriadas in Lima
Central role of the population in its origin and development
Dwelling: individual affairNeighbourhood: collective affair
• People organize to occupy the land, to get to land titles, and access to electricity and water and sewage.
• The informal sector takes care of public transportation and commerce.
• The public sector takes care of schools and basic road infrastructure.
(Burga, 2003)
Challenge the future
DelftUniversity ofTechnology
A social housing policy!
1980s: deep political and economic troubles
1990-2000: ‘the market as solution’ policies: abandonment of the housing sector
2002: subsidised social housing programmes
Challenge the future
DelftUniversity ofTechnology
Sector responsible for the implementation of projects
Phase Public sector Private sectorLand property
Elaboration of the project
Finance of the construction
Construction Operational risks Commercialisation
Provision of loans to buyers
Financial risk Provision of subsidy
Challenge the future
DelftUniversity ofTechnology
Social housing programmes
Socio-economic sector
A
High income
B
Middle
income
C
Middle-low
income
D
Low income
E
Very low
income
Commercial mortgage
Mivivienda Credit
Techo Propio
Neighbourhood upgrading
Challenge the future
DelftUniversity ofTechnology
Peruvian housing deficit
Quantitative deficit
Qualitative deficit
Total
1993 Census
397,756 624,427 1,022,183
2007 Census
389,745 1,470,947 1,860,692
Types of housing projects
Number of Mivivienda Credits granted in 2001-2011
(Ministerio de Vivienda, 2012).
Number of Techo Propio subsidies granted in 2003-2011
(Ministerio de Vivienda, 2012).
Loans and funds in social housing programmes, 2006-2011
(Ministerio de Vivienda, 2012).
Dwelling in own propertyTecho Propio New homes
Challenge the future
DelftUniversity ofTechnology
Findings
New homes and loans increased but still largely insufficient;
favouritism toward middle-class; the preference for Lima; very little orientation toward
incremental housing.
Challenge the future
DelftUniversity ofTechnology
Conclusion
‘Well-intentioned’ but inefficient social housing policies
Irrelevant role of incremental housing
Land use intensification but:
Top-down central government issue
No coordination with local policies and plans